scholarly journals Determination of Maintenance Energy Requirements for Fattening Castrated Korean Black Goats (Capra hircus coreanae)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1543
Author(s):  
Sang-Ho Moon ◽  
Yeong Sik Yun ◽  
Na Yeon Kim ◽  
Sanguk Chung ◽  
Qi Man Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Daily Gain

Twelve adult (10 months old) castrated Korean black goats, with an average initial body weight of 24.98 ± 3.7 kg, were used in this experiment to determine their maintenance energy requirements. Dry matter intakes (g/d, p = 0.945) were not affected by energy levels, but metabolic energy intake (kcal/d, p < 0.002) and average daily gain (g/d, p < 0.001) were significantly increased at higher energy levels. Nutrient digestibility was similar in the treatments, but crude fat digestibility increased with the addition of protective fat powder (p = 0.001). The energy required for fattening the castrated Korean black goats was estimated using the correlation between metabolic energy intake per dietary body weight and average daily gain per dietary body weight. The Y-axis intercept value was calculated to be 108.76 kcal/kg BW0.75 (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.6036), which was the metabolic energy requirement for maintaining the lives of the fattening Korean black goats. The estimated energy requirements of the black goat can improve specification techniques, such as the energy level and the amount of feed supply required for domestic black goats.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary copper supplementation on nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical indices, and growth rate of young female mink (Neovison vison)

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 529-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.Z. Wu ◽  
Y. Yang ◽  
H.-T. Liu ◽  
Z.-Y. Yue ◽  
X.-H. Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase ◽  
Dietary Copper ◽  
Glutamic Oxalacetic Transaminase ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of this study was to determine whether nutrient digestibility and growth performance of mink were affected by different dietary copper levels. Ninety-six 60-day-old healthy female minks were randomly assigned to 8 treatment groups with 12 animals in each group and fed a diet supplemented with either 0, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 or 256 mg/kg copper as CuSO<sub>4 </sub>&times; 5H<sub>2</sub>O, respectively. Our data showed that body weight and average daily gain increased (linear and quadratic, P &lt; 0.05) as Cu increased in the diet, the highest body weight and average daily gain were seen in the Cu32 group. Feed : gain ratio responded in a linear (P = 0.0025) fashion with increasing level of Cu, the lowest feed : gain ratio was seen in the Cu64 group. Digestibility of ether extract responded in a linear (P = 0.0190) fashion with increasing level of Cu. There were no differences in apparent digestibility of dry matter, CP, and gross energy among groups (P &gt; 0.05). N retention linearly (P = 0.0363) responded to increasing levels of Cu. Glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase increased (linear and quadratic, P &lt; 0.05) as Cu increased in the diet; the highest glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase were seen in the Cu256 group. Total protein of the minks was similar among the treatments, however, albumin in serum responded in a linear (P = 0.0370) and quadratic (P = 0.0049) fashion with increasing level of Cu. The activity of ceruloplasmin responded in a linear (P = 0.0001) and quadratic (P = 0.0203) fashion with increasing level of Cu. The activity of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase responded in a linear (P = 0.0010) fashion with increasing level of Cu. Our results indicate that supplemental Cu plays an important role in the growth performance of mink, helping young female mink digest and efficiently utilize added dietary fat. &nbsp;

PSXI-30 Effects of feeding levels on digestibility, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites of fattening Korean native goats (Capra hircus coreanae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 485-486
Author(s):  
Daehyeok Jin ◽  
Jinwook Lee ◽  
Bong-Hwan Choi ◽  
Sung-Soo Lee ◽  
Dong-Kyo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of feeding levels on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites of fattening Korean native goats. Five Korean native goat (Capra hircus coreanae) bucks (38.0±1.7 kg) with an average age of 2.4-year-old were randomly allocated to one of five feeding levels (maintenance [M], 1.1 x M, 1.2 x M, 1.4 x M, and 1.6 x M). The experimental design was 5 × 5 Latin square design and all animals were housed individual pens (1.2 m × 0.9 m) for an adaption period of 2 weeks and collection period for 1 weeks. The average daily gain (P &lt; 0.05) and nutrient digestibility (P &lt; 0.01) were increased linearly in goat as feeding level increased. Rumen pH showed no significantly differences among feeding levels. Total volatile fatty acid, acetate and propionate concentrations were increased linearly (P &lt; 0.01) and quadratically (P &lt; 0.01) with increased feeding levels. Butyrate and ammonia nitrogen concentrations were linearly increased with increased feeding levels (P &lt; 0.01), but valerate concentration did not differ among feeding levels. Blood metabolites did not differ among feeding levels except for albumin concentration which was linearly increased with increased feeding levels (P &lt; 0.05). The fecal energy loss was not influenced by feeding levels, but digestible energy was increased linearly (P &lt; 0.01) and quadratically (P &lt; 0.05) with increased feeding levels. The metabolizable energy requirement was estimated using quadratic line model and ranged from 153 to 161 kcal per metabolic body weight based on average daily gain and ME intake. These results found that the increased feeding level might be improve an average daily gain and ruminal fermentation of Korean native goats in fattening phase. These results may also serve as a basis for the establishment of feeding standard of goats in Republic of Korea.

Effect of energy intake on the performance of different types of pig from 45 to 100 kg body weight. 1. Protein and lipid deposition

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Quiniou ◽  
J.-Y. Dourmad ◽  
J. Noblet
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Large White ◽  
Balance Technique ◽  
Ad Libitum

AbstractBetween 45 and 100 kg body weight, Large White castrated males (cLW), and crossbred Pietrain × Large White castrated males fcPP×) and boars (bPP×) were either given food ad libitum in experiment 1 or allocated to four energy levels (0·70, 0·80, 0·90, 1·00 ad libitum) in experiment 2. Daily protein and amino acid supplies were calculated to be non-limiting for growth. Protein (PD) and lipid (LD) deposition rates were measured according to the comparative slaughter technique over the whole experimental period (experiments 1 and 2) and according to the nitrogen and energy balance technique at four stages of growth: 48, 64, 79 and 94 kg mean body weight (experiment 2). Average daily gain increased linearly with metabolizable energy (ME) intake, the slope of the relationship being significantly different between types of pig (from −28 to +36 g per additional MJ ME). Daily PD increased with ME intake above maintenance (MEp) according to a linear-plateau relationship in the three types of pig: the slope was significantly affected by type of pig (from +3·4 to 6·0 g per extra MJ MEp) but not by stage of growth. Daily LD increased linearly with MEp intake; neither the type of pig nor the stage of growth affected its slope (+13-5 g per extra MJ MEp). The LD/PD ratio in the extra body-weight gain associated with increased energy intake was affected only by the type of pig.

Effects of plane of nutrition, diethylstilboestrol implantation and slaughter weight on the performance of Israeli-Friesian intact male cattle

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Levy ◽  
Z. Holzer ◽  
Y. Folman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Daily Gain

SummaryThe effects of two levels of energy intake, ad libitum and 80% of ad libitum, of diethylstilboestrol implantation and no such treatment, and of two slaughter weights (‘450’ and ‘490’ kg), on the performance of Israeli-Friesian intact male cattle were studied.Average daily gain was 1130 g and 959 g and daily carcass gain was 630 g and 553 g for animals on ad libitum and 80% of ad libitum energy intake, respectively. Average daily gain was 1038 g and 944 g and daily carcass gain was 595 g and 562 g, for diethylstilboestrol-treated and untreated animals, respectively. Slaughter weight had little effect on rate of gain.The differences in conversion ratio of ME into live weight between treatments were small. Diethylstilboestrol-treated animals were slightly more efficient.The non-implanted animals on the restricted plane of nutrition and which had been slaughtered at ‘490’ kg had a significantly higher dressing percentage, a higher percentage of fat trim and less bone than animals slaughtered at ‘450’ kg body weight on both levels of nutrition.Among the diethylstilboestrol-implanted male calves, however, the animals fed at 80% of ad libitum feed and killed at ‘450’ or ‘490’ kg live weight had significantly more fat trim in the carcass and less bone than the animals fed ad libitum.

scholarly journals Effect of fat levels in early phase on growthperformance and meat characteristics in twin lambs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjuan Li ◽  
Hui Tao ◽  
Tao Ma ◽  
Naifeng Zhang ◽  
Kaidong Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Slaughter Performance ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Fat Level ◽  
Daily Gain

This experiment aims to study the effects of dietary fat level during the suckling period on growth<br />performance and meat characteristics in twin lambs. Thirty pairs of male twin Hu lambs were divided into two<br />groups, namely high fat (HF) and normal fat (NF). Lambs in HF group were fed milk replacer and starter containing<br />26.89% and 5.07% of fat, whereas those in NF group, were fed milk replacer and starter containing 15.15% and<br />2.80% of fat, respectively, from eight to 60 days of age. From 60 to 120 days of age, all lambs were fed a starter feed<br />containing 2.80% fat. The results showed that lambs fed HF diet had higher body weight (12.78 kg versus 11.63 kg,<br />P = 0.020), average daily gain (162.4 g/day versus 141.1 g/day, P = 0.019), apparent digestibility of organic matter<br />(P = 0.018) and gross energy (P &lt; 0.001). No difference was observed between HF and NF group in slaughter performance<br />during eight to 60 days of age. Lambs fed HF diet had higher body weight at 120 days of age (P = 0.035).<br />However, no difference was observed in nutrient digestibility, slaughter performance or meat quality at 120 days<br />of age. In summary, HF diet in the suckling period showed long-lasting beneficial effects on the growth performance

PSXII-24 Effects of feeding levels on digestibility, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites of growing Korean native goats (Capra hircus coreanae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 491-491
Author(s):  
Jinwook Lee ◽  
Bong-Hwan Choi ◽  
Sung-Soo Lee ◽  
Dong-Kyo Kim ◽  
Eun-Do Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Nutrient Utilization Efficiency

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of feeding levels on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites of growing Korean native goats. Five growing bucks (19.5±1.4 kg) with an average age of 5 months were randomly allocated to one of five feeding levels [maintenance (M), 1.1 x M, 1.2 x M, 1.4 x M, and 1.6 x M]. The experimental design was 5 × 5 Latin square design and all animals were housed individual pens (1.2 m × 0.9 m) for an adaption period of 2 weeks and collection period for 1 weeks. Rumen samples were collected before morning feeding using oral stomach tube. Nutrient digestibility increased linearly in goat as feeding level increased (P &lt; 0.01), but body weight did not differ among feeding levels. Rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen concentration showed no significantly differences among feeding levels. The total and individual volatile fatty acids concentration increased linearly (P &lt; 0.01) and quadratically (P &lt; 0.05) with increased feeding levels. Blood metabolites did not differ among feeding levels. The fecal energy loss was not influenced by feeding levels, but digestible energy was increased linearly (P &lt; 0.01) and quadratically (P &lt; 0.05) with increased feeding levels. The metabolizable energy requirement was estimated using quadratic line model and ranged from 154 to 163 kcal per metabolic body weight based on average daily gain and ME intake. These results suggest that higher feeding levels of growing goat increases digestibility and nutrient utilization efficiency in the rumen. These results serve as a basis for the establishment of goat feeding programs at the farm scale in the Republic of Korea.

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Energy Level on The Ration to The Mating Acceleration of Local Sheep

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Lilis Khotijah ◽  
A.. Maulidina ◽  
Kukuh Budi Satoto ◽  
Komang Gede Wiryawan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Male Sheep

The aim of this research was to find the appropriate ration energy levels to determine the puberty time of ewes.  The study used 12 offspring female sheep obtained from crossing Jonggol ewes of Animal Science Teaching and Research Unit (JASTRU) Faculty of Animal Science IPB with Garut male sheep.   The animal age was approximately 2-3 months with the average body weight 9.79 ± 1.97 kg.   The treatments were consisted of 3 rations which have different TDN level, namely: T1= 65% TDN, T2=70% TDN and T3= 75% TDN.  The experimental design used was a completely randomized design with three treatments and four replications.   The measured parameters were feed intake, average daily gain, and the first matting age and body weight.   The data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance.   The results indicated that the ration energy levels did not significantly affected on the feed intake, average daily gain, as well as the first mating age and body weight.  The age of first mating was 180-203 days with body weight at 18-22 kg. It is concluded that the TDN level between 65% -75% has similar response to accelerate the mating of local sheep.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penggunaan Hijauan Rawa Fermentasi Terhadap Penampilan Kambing Kacang (Capra hircus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
A. Jaelani ◽  
T. Rostini ◽  
M. I. Zakir ◽  
Jonathan Jonathan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Blocked Design

<p>The study effect of using swamp forages fermentation to Kacang Goat performance was<br />conducted in Marabahan City from August till September 2013. This study was used an experimental method. The design used was a completely blocked design with 3 treatments and 4 Block as replications (3x4) to obtain 12 units. The Treatment are K1 (using 100% fresh forage), K2 (using silage of swamp forage), K3 (using haylage of swamp forage). The goat was average 11-14 kg body weight.ANOVA test results showed that using of swamp forages fermentation more significantly affect the feed consumption (570.8 g.goat-1.day-1), and significantly to final bodyweight (16.3 kg), but did not significantly affect to average daily gain, and feed convertion. Treatment Silage of forage swamp could be raise feed consumption and final body weight of Kacang goat.</p><p>Key words: Swamp forage, silage, haylage, Kacang goat<br /><br /></p>

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penggunaan Hijauan Rawa Fermentasi Terhadap Penampilan Kambing Kacang (Capra hircus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
A. Jaelani ◽  
T. Rostini ◽  
M. I. Zakir ◽  
Jonathan Jonathan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Blocked Design

<p>The study effect of using swamp forages fermentation to Kacang Goat performance was<br />conducted in Marabahan City from August till September 2013. This study was used an experimental method. The design used was a completely blocked design with 3 treatments and 4 Block as replications (3x4) to obtain 12 units. The Treatment are K1 (using 100% fresh forage), K2 (using silage of swamp forage), K3 (using haylage of swamp forage). The goat was average 11-14 kg body weight.ANOVA test results showed that using of swamp forages fermentation more significantly affect the feed consumption (570.8 g.goat-1.day-1), and significantly to final bodyweight (16.3 kg), but did not significantly affect to average daily gain, and feed convertion. Treatment Silage of forage swamp could be raise feed consumption and final body weight of Kacang goat.</p><p>Key words: Swamp forage, silage, haylage, Kacang goat<br /><br /></p>

Vitamin nutrition of calves

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
G. Vyayzenen ◽  
R. Dautov ◽  
A. Vyayzenen ◽  
D. Bolshakov ◽  
N. Prodanov
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Daily Gain

Experimental studies have shown an increase in productivity, metabolic processes, the effectiveness of the use of nutrients and biologically active substances and the metabolic energy of diets, the health of heifers aged 1–6 months under the conditions of industrial technology of their rearing. Increasing the productivity of heifers is closely related to improving the nutrition system during all periods of rearing with the use of the vitamin complex Vitaminol in diets depending on their age and body weight. The highest effectiveness of rearing young animals has been established when using Vitaminol in doses: 1,3 g/head./day – up to 1 month, 2,4 g/head./day – 2 months, 3,3 g/head./day – 3 months, 4,3 g/head./day – 4 months, 4,8 g/head./day – 5 months and 5,3 g/head./day – at the age of 6 months. Differentiated feeding of optimal doses of feed additives to calves increases the digestibility of dry matter by 1,41–10,8 %, organic matter by 1,6–10,0 %, raw protein by 1,6–6,8 %, raw fat by 1,4–8,7 %, raw fiber by 1,5–3,0 % and nitrogen-free extractive substances by 1,6–6,0 % depending on age and body weight (from 1 to 6 months inclusive). It has a positive effect on the absorption of nitrogen and the use of calcium and phosphorus in the body. The use of Vitaminol in diets of calves contributes to an increase in live weight and average daily gain compared to the control group. In calves up to one month of age (at the dose of 1,3 g/head/day) live weight increased by 6,5 %, the average daily gain by 11,4 %, in 2 months (at the dose of 2,4 g/head/day) these indicators were 2,9 and 2,6 %, respectively, at 3 months (at the dose of 3,3 g/head/day) – 3,4 and 8,2 %, in 4 months (at the dose of 4,3 g/head/day) – 6,7 and 12,8 %, in 5 months (at the dose of 4,8 g/head/day) – 4,4 and 3,6 % and at 6 months (at the dose of 5,3 g/head/day) – 4,3 and 2,7 %, respectively. In order to improve the quality of feeding when rearing calves, more fully realize their genetic potential, increase productivity and use of nutrients in diets and normalize metabolic processes in the body we recommend the optimal doses of the feed additive Vitaminol depending on age (g/head/day): 1,3 – in 1 month, 2,4 – in 2 months, 3,3 – in 3 months, 4,3 – in 4 months, 4,8 – in 5 months, 5,3 – in 6 months. Feed additive Vitaminol enter into the composition of complete feed, wet feed mixtures and feed to calves 1 time per day.

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