scholarly journals Reproductive Performance of Hycole Rabbit Does, Growth of Kits and Milk Chemical Composition during Nine Consecutive Lactations under Extensive Rhythm

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2608
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Ludwiczak ◽  
Joanna Składanowska-Baryza ◽  
Beata Kuczyńska ◽  
Ewa Sell-Kubiak ◽  
Marek Stanisz
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Commercial Farming ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Reproductive Cycles ◽  
Rabbit Milk

The goal of this study was to analyze the reproductive performance of does, growth of their kits, and chemical composition of their milk over nine consecutive parities in order to indicate the boundary of female reproductive profitability. The novelty of this study results from the combinations of three factors: extensive reproductive rhythm, commercial farming conditions, and a period of nine consecutive parities, showing the actual lifespan of a rabbit doe on commercial farms. The data was collected on 60 Hycole females kept at a commercial rabbit farm. Throughout the study, 32 does were excluded due to different reasons (e.g., excluded by means of selection—43.8% and mortalities—25.0%). The does were first inseminated at 28 weeks of age. Following artificial inseminations were conducted 14–15 days after each parturition. All kits were weaned at the age of 35 days. The following characteristics were analysed: body weight of rabbit does at artificial insemination, milk production per lactation, litter size, litter weight, average kit weight, and milk chemical composition. Rabbit does had a significant decrease in kindling rate between the eighth and the ninth parity (by 10.0 percentage points; p = 0.039). The litter size at weaning in the ninth parity was significantly lower to litters weaned at other analysed parities. The amount of milk produced per lactation was affected by the parity order (6.31–6.76 kg; p = 0.042). The litter weights on day 21 and 35 were the lowest at ninth parity. The content of total solids (TS), solids-not-fat, and fat was affected by the parity order on both analysed lactation days. The content of TS and fat in rabbit milk was characterized with a decreasing trend over the analysed period, on both lactation days. The results clearly indicate that rabbit does under extensive reproductive cycles characterize with a very good reproductive performance and can be successfully used for reproduction even up to the eighth parity. However, further research is needed if keeping them longer will not be profitable.

scholarly journals Effect of parity on reproductive performance sows of different breeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-441
Author(s):  
R. Klimas ◽  
A. Klimienė ◽  
W. Sobotka ◽  
W. Kozera ◽  
P. Matusevičius
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Large White ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Piglet Survival

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of parity on reproductive performance by sows of different breeds. The sows were raised on three farms, and had seven or more litters of not fewer than seven piglets. A total of 1511 litters from various parities of Lithuanian White (N =721), Large White (N = 162) and Landrace (N = 628) sows were contained in the data that were used in this study. Multiparous sows had larger litters than primiparous sows. Piglet survival rate declined from parity 7. An increase in litter size was observed until parity 5 in Large White and until parity 6 in improved Lithuanian White (P <0.05). In comparison with parity 1, Landrace sows up to parity 5 showed not only increased prolificacy, but also increased number and litter weight of piglets at 21 days old, and the number and litter weight of weaned piglets (P <0.01). The current findings indicate that sows of these breeds can be used effectively in breeding herds until parity 5 and parity 6.Keywords: Landrace, Large White, Lithuanian White, litter size

scholarly journals Hycole Doe Milk Properties and Kit Growth

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Ludwiczak ◽  
Joanna Składanowska-Baryza ◽  
Beata Kuczyńska ◽  
Marek Stanisz
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Rabbit Milk ◽  
Daily Milk

The level of production and the physiochemical traits of rabbit milk affect the growth and the mortality of bunnies during lactation. The goal of the study was to analyze the effect of litter size and day of lactation on the quality traits of rabbit milk, milk production, and associative traits. The study was conducted on 32 Hycole does and their litters. The rabbit milk pH ranged from 6.61 to 7.46. The colostrum was characterized by the highest content of total solids (31.54 and 31.80 g kg−1) and fat content (15.73 and 15.9 g kg−1). The milk from the beginning of the lactation was characterized by the highest level of somatic cell count (SCC) (523.67 and 536.57 103 mL−1), which gradually decreased to reach the lowest level on days 17 and 21 of lactation. The daily milk production was greater for does nursing 10 kits per litter compared to those nursing eight kits per litter (p < 0.001). The peak of milk production occurred on day 17 postpartum. To conclude, the litter size has a clear effect on milk production as well as litter weight and litter weight gains. It is also important to note that the day of lactation affected the physiochemical traits of rabbit milk.

MASS SELECTION IN A PIG POPULATION. 2. THE EFFECTS OF INBREEDING WITHIN THE SELECTED POPULATIONS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
HITOSHI MIKAMI ◽  
H. T. FREDEEN ◽  
A. P. SATHER
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Size At Birth

The regression of reproductive performance of dams and post-natal performance of progeny on inbreeding was examined for a population of replicated lines subjected to mass selection over a period of nine generations. Inbreeding advanced by 2.0–2.3% per generation. Regression coefficients per 1% increase in inbreeding, based on 817 degrees of freedom for first parity sows, were −.56 ±.23 kg for dam weight at first parturition (12 mo), −.48 ±.19 kg for dam weight change from parturition to weaning, −.013 ±.034 for litter size at birth, −.103 ±.033 for litter size at weaning and −1.36 ±.36 kg for litter weight at weaning. Regressions for post-natal traits, estimated for progeny produced by second parity dams during the final three generations (638 df) were 10.3 ± 4.0 g for birth weight, 16.8 ± 32.7 g for weaned weight, −4.53 ± 1.22 g for post-weaning daily gain, −.34 ±.16 mm for backfat,.10 ±.04 cm2 for cross-sectional area of the longissimus dorsi, and.09 ±.04% for estimated yield of trimmed retail product from the carcass.

The reproductive performance of Red Sokoto goats in Nigeria

1979 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. F. Adu ◽  
V. Buvanendran ◽  
C. A. M. Lakpini
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Red Sokoto Goat

SUMMARYAn analysis has been made of the reproductive performance of Red Sokoto goat of Nigeria. Data are based on records of 140 kiddings from 96 does. Age at first kidding was 435 ± 18·9 days. The mean litter size at first kidding was 1·45. Prolificacy increased with parity, the kidding percentages from first to third parities being 141, 186 and 200 respectively. Doe weight was significantly correlated with litter size (r = – 0·27). Repeatabilities of litter size per doe kidding and of litter weight were negative. Heritability of litter size was 0·08 ± 0·02. Birth weights were low, the mean weight of kids during the 3 years ranging from 1·48 to 1·64 kg. Doe weight was related to litter weight in a manner such that litter weight as a proportion of doe weight tended to decline as doe weight increased. The ratio of litter weights of singles to twins at any given weight of the doe was 100:180. Kid mortality by 3 months of age was 30·8 %. Mortality among twins was only slightly higher than singles. However, mortality in kids born in multiple births (triplets and quadruplets) was much higher. Birth weights of surviving kids were significantly higher than of those that died.

Factors affecting reproductive performance of white-tailed deer subjected to fixed-time artificial insemination or natural mating

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Mellado ◽  
Claudia G. Orta ◽  
Eloy A. Lozano ◽  
Jose E. García ◽  
Francisco G. Veliz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Subsequent Period ◽  
Natural Mating ◽  
Game Hunting

The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of several factors affecting fawning rate, litter size, litter weight and neonatal fawn mortality in white-tailed deer inseminated either transcervically or by means of laparoscopy. Oestrus synchronisation with a controlled internal drug release (CIDR)-based protocol and fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) was conducted in 130 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus texanus) during three reproductive seasons (2007–2009; 271 services) in a game-hunting ranch in a hot–arid environment (26°4′ N, 101°25′ W). Ninety additional non-treated does were exposed to bucks for natural mating. Fawning rate did not differ between AI methods (40.0 vs 45.0% for transcervical and laparoscopic AI, respectively). Overall fawning rate (proportion of all does fawning after FTAI and a subsequent period of buck exposure) did not differ between transcervical (89.5%), laparoscopic (80.3%) or natural (88.9%) insemination. Litter size per fawning doe was higher (P&lt;0.05) in naturally-served does (1.65±0.48) than in transcervically-inseminated does (1.40±0.51) or in laparoscopically-inseminated does (1.48±0.50). The main conclusion was that no enhancement of fawning rate or litter size occurred as a result of intrauterine deposition of semen by laparoscopy compared with the transcervical insemination technique.

CROSSBREEDING SWINE: REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF SEVEN BREEDS OF SOWS BRED TO PRODUCE CROSSBRED PROGENY

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. FAHMY ◽  
C. S. BERNARD ◽  
W. B. HOLTMANN
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Gestation Period ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Mating Design ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Length Of Gestation

Data were obtained from 57 Yorkshire (Y), 44 Landrace (LD), 39 Lacombe (LC), 34 Hampshire (H), 21 Duroc (D), 19 Berkshire (B), and 7 Large Black (LB) gilts farrowing crossbred litters by LD, LC, H, D, B, LB and Tamworth (T) boars in a half polyallel mating design. The traits studied were weight at puberty, number of normal teats, number of services per conception, gestation period, litter size and weight at birth, 21 days and weaning (35 days), average pig weight, mortality rate at birth and during suckling, and change in dam’s weight during nursing. The effect of breed of dam was significant (P < 0.01) on all traits studied except weight at puberty, number of services per conception and mortality rates at birth and during suckling. Gestation period was significantly longer for B, LB and Y than for sows of other breeds. LB sows had the smallest and B the lightest litters, while the largest and heaviest litters at birth, 21 days and weaning were those from LC and Y sows. LC, LD and Y sows had more teats and lost more weight during nursing than other sows. The effect of breed of sire was nonsignificant for all the characters studied. Length of gestation was 0.08 days shorter, weaned litters 0.32 larger and 5.9 kg heavier, and weaned pigs 0.51 kg heavier for sows farrowing their second litter than for gilts. The partial regressions on age of dam at farrowing were not significant except for mortality rate during the suckling period, litter size, litter weight and average pig weight at birth. The crosses with the heaviest litters at weaning were T × LC, T × Y, LB × LD and D × Y, in that order.

scholarly journals Effect of lighting schedule, intensity, and colour on reproductive performance of rabbit does

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Yingjie Wu ◽  
Ang Zhao ◽  
Yinghe Qin
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
White Light ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Size At Birth

<p>In order to establish a lighting regime suitable for rabbit farms in East China, the effects of lighting schedule, intensity and colour on the reproductive performance of rabbit does were evaluated by three experiments, respectively. In experiment 1, does were exposed to different lighting schedules: 16L:8D-continuous, 16L:8D-18d (6 d before artificial insemination (AI) to 12 d post-AI), 16L:8D-6d (6 d before AI to the day of AI) and 12L:12D-continuous. In experiment 2, does were exposed to different light intensities: 40 lx, 60 lx, 80 lx and 120 lx. In experiment 3, does were exposed to different light colours: white, yellow, blue and red. For all experiments, conception rate, kindling rate and pre-weaning mortality were calculated; litter size at birth, litter weight at birth, litter size at weaning, litter weight at weaning and individual kit weight at weaning were recorded. Results showed that none of the reproductive parameters of does were affected by the application of 16L:8D-18d lighting schedule compared with the continuous 16L:8D group(<em>P</em>&gt;0.05). Moreover, rabbits does exposed to 80 lx light performed as well as those under 120 lx light in conception rate, kindling rate, litter size (total and alive) at birth and litter weight at birth (<em>P</em>&gt;0.05). Furthermore, the exposures of 60 lx and 80 lx light were beneficial for litter weight at weaning. In addition, red light had a positive effect, as it led to a larger litter size and litter weight at weaning and lower pre-weaning mortality than white light (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05). In summary, a 16L:8D photoperiod with 80 lx red light from 6 d before AI to 12 d post-AI is recommended for use in breeding of rabbit does according to our results.</p>

Reproductive performance of gestating gilts supplemented with riboflavin

1969 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
Natalia Rivera-Alejandro ◽  
Esbal Jiménez-Cabán
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

To evaluate the effects on litter size and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and of uteroferrln, crossbreed gilts (n = 24) were supplemented with 0 or 60 mg dally of riboflavin during gestation. Litter size and average weight of piglets were determined at birth and at weaning. Samples of placenta were collected at farrowing to determine the relative expression of VEGF and uteroferrln. Supplemented and not supplemented gilts had 11.2 ± 0.6 and 8.2 ± 0.6 of total piglets born, respectively (P < 0.004). There were also corresponding increases In piglets born alive with 10.5 ± 0.6 versus 8.1 ± 0.6 (P< 0.01) and In total piglets weaned by the gilts supplemented with riboflavin (9.41 ± 0.6 and 7.5 ± 0.6, P < 0.05). A difference between treatments was found for total litter weight at birth, but not at weaning. Relative expression of VEGF was greater (P < 0.07) In the placenta of gilts supplemented with riboflavin than In those not supplemented, but no differences between treatments were observed In the relative expression of uteroferrln. The present results demonstrate that dally supplementation with 60 mg of riboflavin to gilts during gestation may Increase litter size, perhaps by Improving vascularization of the placenta, thus enhancing embryo/fetus survival.

An analysis of reproductive performance in pigs based on records of performance of the boar

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (85) ◽  
pp. 256 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Baharin ◽  
RG Beilharz
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Large White ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Commercial Farm ◽  
Heritability Estimates

The reproductive performance of 308 boars with total records of 9220 matings from a large commercial farm was analysed. The boars were purebred Large White, Landrace and from the newly synthesized M breed and were mated to purebred and crossbred sows of the same breeds. The M breed was derived from crossing between Large White and Landrace pigs with foundation females selected on the basis of their ability to produce large litters. Over half the total records were from matings with sows of parity 1 and parity 2. Overall production statistics were 78.8 per cent conception rate, an average total litter size of 9.3 pigs born per litter, 6.5 per cent stillbirths, an average litter weight (live piglets) at birth of 12.2 kg, average birth weight per piglet of 1.43 kg and average gestation length of 11 5 days. Most of the traits analysed showed significant effects due to parity of dams, with performance increasing from parity 1 to parity 6 to 8, after which the performance began to decline. There were significant heterosis effects (mainly maternal) on reproduction of the sows and survival performance of the litters resulting in an estimated improvement of 11 per cent in number of live pigs born, 12.4 per cent in total litter weight at birth and 35 per cent reduction in stillbirths. Heritability estimates were generally low for most traits except for boar conception rate which was moderate (0.29).

Effect of using vasectomised boars for additional matings on sow reproductive performance

1986 ◽  
Vol 1986 ◽  
pp. 123-123
Author(s):  
O D Davies
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Large White ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Single Mating

Vasectomised boars are already in use on some commercial farms for detecting and synchronising oestrus, especially in gilts. Increasing the number of matings a sow receives during oestrus has been found to increase subsequent litter size and conception rate (Reed 1982, Tilton and Cole 1982). If vaginal-uterine stimulation is the underlying cause for this reproductive improvement, then similar effects should be possible using vasectomised boars.A total of 200 Large White/Landrace cross sows were weaned at 4 to 5 weeks and housed adjacent to mature fertile boar where physical contact was possible through a barred gate. The sows were inspected for signs of oestrus each morning and, if receptive, were given a single mating with a fertile boar. Approximately 3 hours later, alternate sows were penned with a vasectomised boar and one service was supervised. These sows remained with the vasectomised boar overnight and were then remated with the original boar. The control sows were also remated with a fertile boar, 24 hours after the first service.From weaning to service all sows were offered 2.7 kg of a 155 g/kg crude protein, barley based sow nut. After service this was reduced to 2.2 kg per day.

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