scholarly journals Influence of Haemolysis on the Mineral Profile of Cattle Serum

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3336
Author(s):  
Belén Larrán ◽  
Marta Miranda ◽  
Carlos Herrero-Latorre ◽  
Lucas Rigueira ◽  
Víctor Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Interindividual Variability ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Mineral Profile ◽  
Different Types ◽  
High Interindividual Variability ◽  
Cattle Serum

Haemolysis of serum samples is the leading cause of preanalytical errors in clinical laboratories. Little is known about the potential alterations in the concentrations of mineral elements in haemolyzed serum and the phenomenon has not been specifically studied in bovine serum samples. We investigate how haemolysis affects the mineral content of bovine samples. We used ICP-MS to measure the concentrations of 12 mineral elements (Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Se and Zn) in bovine whole blood, serum and gradually haemolyzed samples and observed significant differences between the different types of samples, particularly in the Fe and Zn concentrations. However, in practice, the high interindividual variability makes it difficult to establish whether a given value corresponds to normal or haemolyzed samples. In response to this problem, we propose to consider that a result is significantly biased when the haemolysis threshold (the degree of haemolysis above which the concentration of an element in serum is significantly altered) of a given element is surpassed. The haemolysis threshold values for the different elements considered were found as follows: 0.015 g Hb L−1 for Fe, 2 g for Zn, 4 g for Cr and 8 g for Ca, Se and Mo.

Saliva and serum testosterone following oral testosterone undecanoate administration in normal and hypogonadal men

1983 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Th. Schürmeyer ◽  
E. J. Wickings ◽  
C. W. Freischem ◽  
E. Nieschlag
Keyword(s):  
Interindividual Variability ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Additional Increase ◽  
Testosterone Undecanoate ◽  
Absorption Pattern ◽  
High Interindividual Variability ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Testosterone Ester

Abstract. Since saliva testosterone reflects the testosterone fraction available to target tissues the therapeutic effectiveness of orally administered testosterone undecanoate was assessed by measuring testosterone in serum and saliva. Matched saliva and serum samples were obtained from 12 normal men and 8 hypogonadal men before and at hourly intervals after the oral administration of 120 mg testosterone undecanoate. The test was repeated in 3 men after they had taken 40 mg testosterone undecanoate twice daily for 4 to 5 weeks. Following testosterone undecanoate administration serum and saliva testosterone always showed parallel increases. However, the absorption curves showed a high interindividual variability in the time when maximum concentrations were reached, as well as in the maximum levels themselves. The increases in serum and saliva testosterone were similar in normal and hypogonadal men. In normal men basal levels were reached 4 h after the maximum had occurred, while in hypogonadal men testosterone levels were not different from basal levels 2 h after the maximum. The study shows that testosterone undecanoate is well absorbed from the gut and releases significantly elevated amounts of testosterone which is available to target tissues. As the absorption pattern was always parallel in both fluids, hydrolysis of the circulating testosterone ester by the tissue ifself seems to effect no additional increase of testosterone in the tissue.

Characterization of Different Types of Biomass Wastes Using Thermogravimetric and ICP-MS Analyses

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 4594-4600
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Biomass Ash ◽  
Minor Elements ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Different Types

The purpose of this study was to characterize some types of biomass wastes resulted from different activities such as: agriculture, forestry and food industry using thermogravimetric and ICP-MS analyses. Also, it was optimized an ICP-MS method for the determination of As, Cd and Pb from biomass ash samples. The ICP-MS analysis revealed that the highest concentration of metals (As, Cd, Pb) was recorded in the wood waste ash sample, also the thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the highest amount of ash was obtained for the same sample (26.82%). The biomass wastes mentioned in this study are alternative recyclable materials, reusable as pellets and briquettes. Keywords: ash, biomass, ICP-MS, minor elements, TG

scholarly journals Artificial Caries Lesion Characteristics after Secondary Demineralization with Theobromine-Containing Protocol

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Hani M. Nassar ◽  
Frank Lippert
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Lesion Depth ◽  
Caries Lesion ◽  
Mineral Profile ◽  
Bonferroni Test ◽  
Bovine Enamel ◽  
Caries Lesions ◽  
Nail Varnish

Developing artificial caries lesions with varying characteristics is needed to adequately study caries process in vitro. The objective of this study was to investigate artificial caries lesion characteristics after secondary demineralization protocol containing theobromine and fluoride. Sixty bovine enamel slabs (4 × 3 mm) were demineralized using a Carbopol-containing protocol for 6 days. A baseline area (2 × 3 mm) was protected with acid-resistant nail varnish, after which specimens were exposed for 24 h to a secondary demineralization protocol containing acetic acid plus one of four fluoride/theobromine combinations (n = 15): theobromine (50 or 200 ppm) and fluoride (0 or 1 ppm). Specimens were sectioned and analyzed using transverse microradiography for changes in mineral content, lesion depth, and surface layer mineralization. Data was analyzed using paired t-test and analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni test at 0.05 significance level. After secondary demineralization, fluoride-containing groups had significantly deeper lesions (p = 0.002 and 0.014) compared to the group with 0 ppm fluoride and 50 ppm theobromine. Mineral content and lesion depth were significantly different compared to baseline for all groups. Theobromine did not show an added effect on mineral uptake. Theobromine-containing groups exhibited particularly deep lesions with a more uniform mineral profile in the presence of fluoride.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variation of the Proximate Composition, Mineral Content, Fatty Acid Profiles and Other Phytochemical Constituents of Selected Brown Macroalgae

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Marco Garcia-Vaquero ◽  
Gaurav Rajauria ◽  
Marta Miranda ◽  
Torres Sweeney ◽  
Marta Lopez-Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Laminaria Digitata ◽  
Laminaria Hyperborea ◽  
Brown Macroalgae ◽  
The West ◽  
Macroalgal Species ◽  
Mineral Profile ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

The main objective was to determine the chemical, phytochemical, fatty acid and mineral profiles of three commercially relevant brown macroalgae (Laminaria digitata, Laminaria hyperborea and Ascophyllum nodosum) collected each season for two years off the west coast of Ireland. All the chemical, phytochemical, fatty acid and minerals analysed varied significantly depending on the macroalgal species, season and year of collection. Overall, the protein contents of macroalgae were negatively correlated with carbohydrate content. Protein (2–11%) was at its highest during winter and/or spring, decreasing to a minimum during summer and/or autumn. The three macroalgal species analysed in this study had clearly differentiated fatty acid profiles. The concentration of fatty acids was higher in A. nodosum compared with both Laminaria species. The mineral profile of the three macroalgal species was rich in essential metals, particularly Ca, Mg and P, while the levels of I were approximately 9- to 10-fold higher in both Laminaria spp. compared with A. nodosum. The levels of toxic metals (Cd, Hg and Pb) in all the macroalgal species studied were low in the current study; while the levels of total As were high (49–64 mg/kg DW macroalgae) compared with previous reports.

Influence of the sex and type of tissue on the basic chemical composition and the content of minerals in the sirloin and offal of fattener pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Babicz ◽  
Anna Kasprzyk ◽  
Kinga Kropiwiec-Domańska
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Pork Meat ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Large White ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Longissimus Lumborum ◽  
The Mean

The aim of the study was to determine the basic chemical composition and mineral content in the sirloin and offal of fattener pigs, taking their sex into consideration. In addition, comparative analysis of the content of chemical and mineral components in the sirloin and offal was performed. The experimental material included 24 crossbred (Polish Landrace × Polish Large White) fatteners, from which samples of sirloin (musculus longissimus lumborum), liver, heart, and kidneys were collected for the analysis. A significant effect of the sex on the fat content in the sirloin and liver and on the level of magnesium (Mg), zinc, and iron (Fe) in the sirloin was demonstrated. Significant differences were found in the basic chemical composition and mineral content between the sirloin and the offal. In comparison with the liver, the sirloin contained lower amounts of protein and fat and higher potassium and Mg contents. In turn, the offal was shown to be a rich source of sodium, calcium, and trace elements (Fe, manganese, and copper). The mean cadmium concentration in the sirloin and offal was significantly lower than the threshold values for these elements, i.e., it accounted for 26% and 6.2% (liver)–19.5% (heart) of the allowable content of this element in pork meat and offal.

scholarly journals QTL x environment interactions underlie ionome divergence in switchgrass

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Alice MacQueen ◽  
Jason Bonnette ◽  
Felix B Fritschi ◽  
David B Lowry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Linkage Mapping ◽  
Mapping Population ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Common Gardens ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Biological Organisms

Abstract Ionomics measures elemental concentrations in biological organisms and provides a snapshot of physiology under different conditions. In this study, we evaluate genetic variation of the ionome in outbred, perennial switchgrass in three environments across the species’ native range, and explore patterns of genotype-by-environment interactions. We grew 725 clonally replicated genotypes of a large full sib family from a four-way linkage mapping population, created from deeply diverged upland and lowland switchgrass ecotypes, at three common gardens. Concentrations of 18 mineral elements were determined in whole post-anthesis tillers using ion coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). These measurements were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) with and without QTL-by-environment interactions (QTLxE) using a multi-environment QTL mapping approach. We found that element concentrations varied significantly both within and between switchgrass ecotypes, and GxE was present at both the trait and QTL level. Concentrations of 14 of the 18 elements were under some genetic control, and 77 QTL were detected for these elements. 74% of QTL colocalized multiple elements, half of QTL exhibited significant QTLxE, and roughly equal numbers of QTL had significant differences in magnitude and sign of their effects across environments. The switchgrass ionome is under moderate genetic control and by loci with highly variable effects across environments.

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