scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Cephalosporin and Fluoroquinolone Resistant Salmonella choleraesuis Isolated from Patients with Systemic Salmonellosis in Thailand

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 844
Author(s):  
Pichapak Sriyapai ◽  
Chaiwat Pulsrikarn ◽  
Kosum Chansiri ◽  
Arin Nyamniyom ◽  
Thayat Sriyapai
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Pulse Field ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Salmonella Choleraesuis ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

The antimicrobial resistance of nontyphoidal Salmonella has become a major clinical and public health problem. Southeast Asia has a high level of multidrug-resistant Salmonella and isolates resistant to both fluoroquinolone and third-generation cephalosporins. The incidence of co-resistance to both drug classes is a serious therapeutic problem in Thailand. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns, antimicrobial resistance genes and genotypic relatedness of third-generation cephalosporins and/or fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella Choleraesuis isolated from patients with systemic salmonellosis in Thailand. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the agar disk diffusion method, and ESBL production was detected by the combination disc method. A molecular evaluation of S. Choleraesuis isolates was performed using PCR and DNA sequencing. Then, a genotypic relatedness study of S. Choleraesuis was performed by pulse field gel electrophoresis. All 62 cefotaxime-resistant S. Choleraesuis isolates obtained from 61 clinical specimens were multidrug resistant. Forty-four isolates (44/62, 71.0%) were positive for ESBL phenotypes. Based on the PCR sequencing, 21, 1, 13, 23, 20 and 6 ESBL-producing isolates harboured the ESBL genes blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-55, blaCMY-2, blaACC-1 and blaTEM-1, respectively. This study also found that nine (9/62, 14.5%) isolates exhibited co-resistance to ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime. All of the co-resistant isolates harboured at least one PMQR gene. The qnr genes and the aac(6′)-Ib-cr gene were the most prevalent genes detected. The QRDR mutation, including the gyrA (D87Y and D87G) and parC (T57S) genes, was also detected. PFGE patterns revealed a high degree of clonal diversity among the ESBL-producing isolates.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from pigs with respiratory clinical signs in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. e160956
Author(s):  
Maysa Serpa ◽  
Juliana Amália Fonte Bôa do Nascimento ◽  
Mirian Fátima Alves ◽  
Maria Isabel Maldonado Coelho Guedes ◽  
Adrienny Trindade Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Great Level ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Pig Farms

Antimicrobial resistance is a current and important issue to public health, and it is usually associated with the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in animal production. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility profile in bacterial isolates from pigs with clinical respiratory signs in Brazil. One hundred sixty bacterial strains isolated from pigs from 51 pig farms in Brazil were studied. In vitro disk-diffusion method was employed using 14 antimicrobial agents: amoxicillin, penicillin, ceftiofur, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, chlortetracycline, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, erythromycin, tilmicosin, florfenicol, lincomycin, and sulfadiazine/trimethoprim. The majority of isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent (98.75%; 158/160), while 31.25% (50/160) of the strains were multidrug resistant. Streptococcus suis and Bordetella bronchiseptica were the pathogens that showed higher resistance levels. Haemophilus parasuis showed high resistance levels to sulfadiazine/trimethoprim (9/18=50%). We observed that isolates from the midwestern and southern regions exhibited four times greater chance of being multidrug resistant than the isolates from the southeastern region studied. Overall, the results of the present study showed a great level of resistance to lincomycin, erythromycin, sulfadiazine/trimethoprim, and tetracycline among bacterial respiratory pathogens isolated from pigs in Brazil. The high levels of antimicrobial resistance in swine respiratory bacterial pathogens highlight the need for the proper use of antimicrobials in Brazilian pig farms.

Staphylococci among Wild European Rabbits from the Azores: A Potential Zoonotic Issue?

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 1110-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARGARIDA SOUSA ◽  
VANESSA SILVA ◽  
ADRIANA SILVA ◽  
NUNO SILVA ◽  
JESSICA RIBEIRO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Spa Typing ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
European Rabbits

ABSTRACT The prevalence and diversity of Staphylococcus species from wild European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in the Azores were investigated, and the antibiotic resistance phenotype and genotype of the isolates were determined. Nasal samples from 77 wild European rabbits from São Jorge and São Miguel islands in Azores were examined. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, and the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors was determined by PCR. The genetic lineages of S. aureus isolates were characterized by spa typing and multilocus sequence typing. A total of 49 staphylococci were obtained from 35 of the 77 wild rabbits. Both coagulase-positive (8.2%) and coagulase-negative (91.8%) staphylococci were detected: 4 S. aureus, 17 S. fleurettii, 13 S. sciuri, 7 S. xylosus, 4 S. epidermidis, and 1 each of S. simulans, S. saprophyticus, S. succinus, and S. equorum. The four S. aureus isolates showed methicillin susceptibility and were characterized as spa type t272/CC121, Panton-Valentine leukocidin negative, and hlB positive. Most of the coagulase-negative staphylococci showed resistance to fusidic acid and beta-lactams, and multidrug resistance was identified especially among S. epidermidis isolates. The mecA gene was detected in 20 isolates of the species S. fleurettii and S. epidermidis, associated with the blaZ gene in one S. epidermidis isolate. Five antimicrobial resistance genes were detected in one S. epidermidis isolate (mecA,dfrA,dfrG,aac6′-aph2′′, and ant4). Our results highlight that wild rabbits are reservoirs or “temporary hosts” of Staphylococcus species with zoonotic potential, some of them carrying relevant antimicrobial resistances. HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Determination of Enterococcus spp. Obtained from Hospital Environment in Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saba Asgharzadeh Marghmalek ◽  
Reza Valadan ◽  
Mehrdad Gholami ◽  
Mohtaram Nasrolahei ◽  
Hamid Reza Goli
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Abstract Background: The role of the hospital environment as a source of pathogenic bacteria in recent studies has been poorly investigated. This study investigated the distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence determinants in Enterococcus species isolated from hospital environment in Sari, Iran. Method: Overall, 90 enterococci strains were obtained from high touch surfaces of four hospitals in Sari, Iran. These environmental samples were obtained from bathroom, beds, tables, doorknobs, room keys, wheelchair and walls in the patient and staff’s rooms. The resistance profile of the isolates was determined by disk diffusion method. Seven resistance genes and two virulence associated genes were evaluated molecularly by multiplex PCR. Results: According to the PCR, 42 (46.66%) of them were E. faecalis and 48 (53.33%) others were detected as E. faecium. Also, 28 (66.6%) E. faecalis and 18 (37.5%) E. faecium isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Among all 90 environmental isolates 54 (60%), 54 (60%), 8 (8.8%), 8 (8.8%), 60 (66.6%), 26 (28.8%), and 24 (26.6%) isolates contained tetM, tetL, vanA, vanB, ermB, aac(6´)-Ie-aph(2´´)-Ia, and aph (3´)-IIIa, respectively. Moreover, all isolates were investigated for the presence of virulence genes and 88 (97.7%) of isolates had esp gene, and 16 (17.7%) had ace.Conclusions: This report showed that the environmental isolates of Enterococcus are the major sources of antibiotic resistance genes that can transfer them to the clinical isolates of bacteria in hospital settings. An effective following strategy should be organized to clearance and stop emergence of these pathogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals Frequency and Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci from Wild Birds in Spain. Detection of tst-Carrying S. sciuri Isolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1317
Author(s):  
Laura Ruiz-Ripa ◽  
Paula Gómez ◽  
Carla Andrea Alonso ◽  
María Cruz Camacho ◽  
Yolanda Ramiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Phenotype ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and diversity of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) species from wild birds in Spain, as well as to analyze the antimicrobial resistance phenotype/genotype and the virulence gene content. During 2015–2016, tracheal samples of 242 wild birds were collected in different regions of Spain for staphylococci recovery. The species identification was performed using MALDI-TOF. The antimicrobial resistance phenotype and genotype was investigated by the disk diffusion method and by PCR, respectively. The presence of the virulence genes lukF/S-PV, tst, eta, etb, etd and scn was investigated by PCR. Moreover, CoNS carrying the mecA gene were subjected to SCCmec typing. Of the tested animals, 60% were CoNS-carriers, and 173 CoNS isolates were recovered from the 146 positive animals, which belonged to 11 species, with predominance of S. sciuri (n = 118) and S. lentus (n = 25). A total of 34% of CoNS isolates showed a multidrug resistance phenotype, and 42 mecA-positive methicillin-resistant CoNS (MRCoNS) were detected. The isolates showed resistance to the following antimicrobials (percentage of resistant isolates/antimicrobial resistance genes detected): penicillin (49/ blaZ, mecA), cefoxitin (24/ mecA), erythromycin and/or clindamycin (92/ erm(B), erm(C), erm(43), msr(A), mph(C), lnu(A), lsa(B), vga(A) and sal(A)), gentamicin and/or tobramycin (5/ aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia, ant(4′)-Ia), streptomycin (12/str), tetracycline (17/ tet(K), tet(L), tet(M)), ciprofloxacin (4), chloramphenicol (1/ fexA), fusidic acid (86/ fusB, fusD) and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (1/ dfrK). None of the isolates harbored the lukF/S-PV, eta, etb, etd and scn genes, but two S. sciuri isolates (1%) carried the tst gene. Wild birds are frequently colonized by CoNS species, especially S. sciuri. We identified scavenging on intensively produced livestock and feeding on landfills as risk factors for CoNS carriage. High proportions of MRCoNS and multidrug resistant CoNS were detected, which coupled with the presence of important virulence genes is of concern.

Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Products Marketed on the Border of Brazil with Argentina and Uruguay

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 1941-1946
Author(s):  
JULIANO GONÇALVES PEREIRA ◽  
VANESSA MENDONÇA SOARES ◽  
LEONARDO ERENO TADIELO ◽  
TASSIANA RAMIRES ◽  
WLADIMIR PADILHA da SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Profile ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

ABSTRACT We aimed to perform serotyping and the antimicrobial resistance profile of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from raw meats imported illegally into Brazil along the borders of Argentina and Uruguay. Distinct isolates of Salmonella spp. (n = 6) and L. monocytogenes (n = 25) obtained from 270 of these food products of earlier work were serotyped and tested for antimicrobial resistance by agar disk diffusion method. For strains that were considered phenotypically resistant, antimicrobial resistance genes were investigated: strA, strB, floR, tetA, tetB, blaZ, blaTEM, ermB, ermC, and ereB to Salmonella sp. and blaZ and mecA to L. monocytogenes. All Salmonella isolates were identified as Salmonella Infantis; they were multidrug resistant and harbored the genes blaTEM (n = 6), strA (n = 1), strB (n = 1), floR (n = 1), ermB (n = 1), tetA (n = 3), and tetB (n = 3). L. monocytogenes isolates belonged to serovars 1/2a (n = 1), 1/2b (n = 14), 1/2c (n = 2), and 4b (n = 8), showed resistance only to penicillin G (n = 12), and did not show the blaZ and mecA genes. The results demonstrated that illegal foods that are commercialized in the Brazilian international border with Argentina and Uruguay may harbor foodborne pathogens, and some of them have multidrug resistance characteristics, such as Salmonella, emphasizing the need for greater control of international food transit in Brazil, especially in the region evaluated. HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals Population Snapshot of the Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia Coli Invasive Strains Isolated From a Hungarian Hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Tóth ◽  
Ákos Tóth ◽  
Katalin Kamotsay ◽  
Viktória Németh ◽  
Dóra Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Full Genome Sequence ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Gene ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

Abstract Background:This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and the genetic background of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli invasive isolates obtained from a tertiary-care hospital in Budapest, Hungary. MethodsBetween October-November 2018, all invasive ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were collected from Central Hospital of Southern Pest. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to the EUCAST guidelines. The possible clonal relationships were investigated by core genome (cg)MLST (SeqSphere+) using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data of isolates obtained from Illumina 251-bp paired-end sequencing. From WGS data acquired antimicrobial resistance genes and replicon types were retrieved using ResFinder3.1, PlasmidFinder2.1, and pMLST-2.0 online tools.ResultsOverall, 25 E. coli isolates were detected and six proved to be resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. Full genome sequence analysis showed that five E. coli isolates belonged to the ST131 clone: two to C1-M27 subclade with blaCTX-M-27 and three to C2/H30Rx subclade with blaCTX-M-15. One isolate belonged to ST1193 with blaCTX-M-27. According to cgMLST, all C2/H30Rx isolates formed a cluster (≤6 allele differences), while the blaCTX-M-27-producing C1-M27 isolates differed at least 35 alleles from each other. Both C2/H30Rx and C1-M27 ST131 isolates harbored similar antimicrobial resistance gene sets. However, only C2/H30Rx isolates had the qnrB and aac(3)-IIa. All isolates showed resistance against ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and ciprofloxacin, and the C2/H30Rx isolates were also resistant to gentamicin, tobramycin, and ceftazidime.ConclusionsOut of six third-generation cephalosporins-resistant, invasive E. coli, five belonged to the S131clone. This study indicates, that the C2/H30Rx and C1-M27 subclades of the ST131 appear to be the dominant clones collected in a Hungarian hospital.

Occurrence and Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Isolates from Food in Tunisia

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 1166-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMAL BEN HASSENA ◽  
MARIAM SIALA ◽  
SONDA GUERMAZI ◽  
SONIA ZORMATI ◽  
RADHOUANE GDOURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Extended Spectrum

ABSTRACT Salmonella is a leading cause of foodborne diseases worldwide. The use of antibiotics in food-producing animals may contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance in nontyphoidal Salmonella. The development of resistance to potent antimicrobials such as fluoroquinolones and extended-spectrum β-lactamases is a significant public health problem. The present study was conducted to examine the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates obtained from food samples. Salmonella was cultured according to ISO 6579:2002 method, and antimicrobial resistance was evaluated with the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Forty-five Salmonella isolates were recovered, and a high Salmonella prevalence was detected in clams (7 of 20 samples, 35%), chicken (28 of 97 samples, 28.9%) and cow's milk (10 of 80 samples, 12.5%). Salmonella Enteritidis (n = 19) and Salmonella Kentucky (n = 18) were the most prevalent isolates. Multidrug resistance was found in 31.1% of the isolates (14 of 45); 84, 46, 28, and 17% of the isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, and both ofloxacin and cefotaxime, respectively. The isolates resistant to cefotaxime were screened by PCR for the genes for TEM β-lactamase, extended-spectrum β-lactamases (CTX and OXA), and AmpC β-lactamases (FOX, MOX, DHA, ACC, CIT, and EBC). One Salmonella Kentucky isolate from milk harbored an AmpC gene (FOX), and the same serotype isolated from chicken carried the EBC AmpC determinant. The blaTEM gene was detected in all nonsusceptible isolates. We also screened isolates with reduced fluoroquinolone susceptibility for the presence of transferable plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants. Three qnr genes (qnrB, qnrD, and qnrS) were detected in four isolates (two from milk and two from chicken). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the AmpC FOX and EBC gene families and the qnrD gene within a foodborne pathogen in Tunisia. These findings highlight the emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins, which are drugs commonly used for the treatment of Salmonella infections. HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance pattern in pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from a private Medical College Hospital

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Mahmuda Siddiqua ◽  
Ahmed Nawsher Alam ◽  
Sonia Akter ◽  
Reena Saad Ferdousi
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an aerobic, motile, gram negative rod that belongs to the family, Pseudomonadaceae. They are often multidrug resistant due to intrinsic and acquired determinants. Continued emergence of resistance among P. aeruginosa to common antimicrobial drugs has been reported world-wide.Objectives: This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance as well as susceptibility patterns of isolates of P. aeruginosa in clinical specimens.Materials & Methods: One hundred and thirty-eight isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were obtained from 4489 different clinical specimens. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of each isolate was carried out by the Kirby- Bauer disk diffusion method as per guidelines of Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI).Results: Majority of isolates of P. aeruginosa were obtained from specimens of wound swab 89 (64.5%), pus 18 (13.05%), and urine 17 (13.1%). The isolated pathogens showed high resistance (91% to 96%) to cotrimoxazole and cefuroxime. Resistance rates to cefepime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and gentamicin varied from 47% to 88%. All the isolates were comparatively better susceptible to meropenem, ciprofloxacin, amikacin and imipenem ranges from 76% to 87%.Conclusion: The results confirmed the occurrence of drug resistance of P. aeruginosa to anti-pseudomonal drugs. Imipenem, amikacin, ciprofloxacin and meropenem were found to be the most effective antimicrobial drugs. Therefore, judicious and rational treatment prescription is needed by the physicians to limit the further spread of antimicrobial resistance among the P. aeruginosa.KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-1, April 2018, Page 16-19

scholarly journals Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and integrons in Escherichia coli isolated from feces of dairy goats in Nong Chok, Bangkok, Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-236
Author(s):  
Watsawan Prapasawat ◽  
◽  
Apiradee Intarapuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Rectal Swab ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Animal Habitat

Antimicrobial resistance is recognized as a growing public health problem. Antimicrobial use and misuse in animal farms have boosted antimicrobial resistance among bacteria in the animal habitat and may be transferred to humans. Therefore, this study was to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, integrons and their association in Escherichia coli isolated from dairy goats in Nong Chok, Bangkok. Ninety-four fecal samples from dairy goats were collected by rectal swab between April 2019 and May 2019. Of 180 E. coli isolates, 141 were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent by disc diffusion method. The most frequent E. coli resistance was to streptomycin 65.6% (118/180), followed by tetracycline 30.0% (54/180), kanamycin 21.7% (39/180), and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim 21.7% (39/180). Furthermore, the percentage of multidrug resistant (MDR) E. coli was 23.9% (43/180). Thirty-nine antimicrobial resistance profiles were found in this study and the most common resistance profiles were STR 23.3% (42/180), STR-TET-SXT 10.0% (18/180) and KAN-STR 6.7% (12/180). All of the 180 E. coli isolates were detected class 1 and 2 integrons by multiplex PCR. The results revealed 22.2% (40/180) were positive for integrons including resistant isolates 92.5% (37/40) and susceptible 7.5% (3/40). Moreover, E. coli isolates resistant to streptomycin, tetracycline, enrofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim were significantly associated with the presence of integrons (P < 0.05). The data of this study indicated that dairy goats in farms could be a reservoir and possible spread of resistant isolates to farmers and consumers via animals and their products.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli from Dairy Cattle, Milk, and Farm Environments in Peninsular Malaysia

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1007
Author(s):  
Emelia Aini Kamaruzzaman ◽  
Saleha Abdul Aziz ◽  
Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus ◽  
Zunita Zakaria ◽  
Latiffah Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
One Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance genes and resistant bacteria do not recognize animal, human, or geographic boundaries. Addressing this threat requires a multidisciplinary approach involving human, animal, and environmental health (One Health) sectors. This is because antimicrobial agents used in veterinary medicine have been reported to be the same or similar to those in human medicine use. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) E. coli is a growing public health problem worldwide, and the agri-food industry is increasingly becoming a source of clinically important ESBL bacteria. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and characteristics of ESBL-producing E. coli from dairy cattle, milk, and the farm environment. E. coli isolates were identified by their 16sRNA, and their ESBL production was confirmed using ESBL–CHROMagar media and the double disk diffusion method. Genotypes of ESBL producers were characterized using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) assay. It was found that 18 (4.8%) of the total samples were positive for ESBL-producing E. coli. Of these, 66.7% were from milk, and 27.8% and 5.5% were from the farm environment and faecal samples, respectively. Predominant ESBL genotypes identified were a combination of both TEM and CTX-M in eight out of 18 (44.4%) isolates. Four (22.2%) isolates produced the CTX-M gene, two (11.1%) isolates produced the TEM gene, and four (22.2%) remaining isolates produced the ESBL genes other than TEM, SHV, CTX-M, and OXA. The SHV and OXA gene were not detected in all 18 isolates. In all, there were four profiles of genetic similarity. The occurrence of these genotypes in indicator organisms from dairy cattle, milk, and the farm environment further re-enforced the potential of food-animals as sources of ESBL-producing E. coli infection in humans via the food chain. Thus, there is the need for the adoption of a tripartite One Health approach in surveillance and monitoring to control antimicrobial resistance.

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