scholarly journals Brassinosteroid Biosynthetic Gene SlCYP90B3 Alleviates Chilling Injury of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Fruits during Cold Storage

Antioxidants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Songshen Hu ◽  
Tonglin Wang ◽  
Zhiyong Shao ◽  
Fanliang Meng ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
System Component ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cold Response ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme System ◽  
In The Wild

Tomato is susceptible to chilling injury during cold storage. In this study, we found that low temperature promoted the expression of brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthetic genes in tomato fruits. The overexpression of SlCYP90B3 (SlCYP90B3-OE), a key BR biosynthetic gene, alleviated the chilling injury with decreased electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde. In SlCYP90B3-OE tomato fruits, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were markedly increased, while the activity of membranous lipolytic enzymes, lipoxygenase (LOX), and phospholipase D (PLD), were significantly decreased when compared with the wild-type in response to cold storage. Furthermore, the expression level of the cold-response-system component, SlCBF1, was higher in SlCYP90B3-OE fruits than in the wild-type fruits. These results indicated that SlCYP90B3 might be involved in the chilling tolerance of tomato fruits during cold storage, possibly by regulating the antioxidant enzyme system and SlCBF1 expression.

scholarly journals Blocks in the pseudouridimycin pathway unlock hidden metabolites in the Streptomyces producer strain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Iorio ◽  
Sahar Davatgarbenam ◽  
Stefania Serina ◽  
Paolo Criscenzo ◽  
Mitja M. Zdouc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Cluster ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Bacterial Rna ◽  
Soil Isolate ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Polymerase Inhibitor

AbstractWe report a metabolomic analysis of Streptomyces sp. ID38640, a soil isolate that produces the bacterial RNA polymerase inhibitor pseudouridimycin. The analysis was performed on the wild type, on three newly constructed and seven previously reported mutant strains disabled in different genes required for pseudouridimycin biosynthesis. The results indicate that Streptomyces sp. ID38640 is able to produce, in addition to lydicamycins and deferroxiamines, as previously reported, also the lassopeptide ulleungdin, the non-ribosomal peptide antipain and the osmoprotectant ectoine. The corresponding biosynthetic gene clusters were readily identified in the strain genome. We also detected the known compound pyridindolol, for which we propose a previously unreported biosynthetic gene cluster, as well as three families of unknown metabolites. Remarkably, the levels of most metabolites varied strongly in the different mutant strains, an observation that enabled detection of metabolites unnoticed in the wild type. Systematic investigation of the accumulated metabolites in the ten different pum mutants identified shed further light on pseudouridimycin biosynthesis. We also show that several Streptomyces strains, able to produce pseudouridimycin, have distinct genetic relationship and metabolic profile with ID38640.

scholarly journals Effect of Chitosan Coating on the Postharvest Quality and Antioxidant Enzyme System Response of Strawberry Fruit during Cold Storage

Foods ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Petriccione ◽  
Francesco Mastrobuoni ◽  
Maria Pasquariello ◽  
Luigi Zampella ◽  
Elvira Nobis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
System Response ◽  
Strawberry Fruit ◽  
Chitosan Coating ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme System

scholarly journals Effects of Polysaccharide-Based Edible Coatings on Quality and Antioxidant Enzyme System of Strawberry during Cold Storage

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
Haiyan Gao ◽  
Yingbin Shen ◽  
Changbao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Edible Coatings ◽  
Strawberry Fruit ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme System

Strawberry is a nutritious, but highly perishable fruit. Three polysaccharide-based edible coatings (alginate, chitosan, and pullulan) were applied to postharvest strawberry fruit during cold storage (4°C), and their effects on fruit quality and antioxidant enzyme system were investigated in the present study. The results showed that polysaccharide coatings showed a significant delay in fruit softening and rot and reduced changes in total soluble solid and titratable acidity content during 16 d storage. Polysaccharide coatings also maintained higher ascorbic acid and total phenolic contents than control from day 2 and significantly inhibited fruit decay and respiration after 12 d storage (p<0.05). Polysaccharide treatments enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidase) so as to prevent lipid peroxidation and reduce membrane damage. Additionally, chitosan coating had the most positive effects on fruit quality amongst three polysaccharide-based edible coatings and presented the highest relative activities of antioxidant enzymes. These results indicated that polysaccharide-based edible coatings were helpful in postharvest quality maintenance of strawberry fruit.

scholarly journals Complementation in balanced heterokaryons and heterozygous diploids of Aspergillus nidulans

1964 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Enzyme Function ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Oxidative Pathway ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Enzyme Formation ◽  
Leaky Mutants ◽  
Function Models ◽  
Sorbitol Metabolism

1. Two total and five leaky sorbitol mutants isolated in Aspergillus nidulans by defective growth on the sugar are all recessive. The mutants are closely linked, they appear to represent three linked genes spanned by a deletion.2. Mutants which complement in heterozygous diploids do not complement in balanced heterokaryons. Failure to complement is a property of the mutants and not the result of a nutritional interaction or an unfavourable nuclear ratio in the heterokaryons.3. Sorbitol is oxidized by an inducible enzyme system in the wild-type. There are at least two enzymes concerned in the oxidative assimilation of sorbitol, an initial oxidative enzyme, which is defective in the leaky mutants, and a later enzyme defective in the total mutants. There may also be a second non-oxidative pathway for sorbitol metabolism.4. In diploids complementary pairs of mutants oxidized sorbitol at 75% the rate of the wild-type but non-complementary mutants did not oxidize the sugar. In balanced heterokaryons none of the pairs of mutants oxidized the substrate. It is concluded that failure of inter-genic complementation in the heterokaryons is the result of a failure of either enzyme formation or enzyme function. Models to account for differences in enzyme formation in heterokaryons and diploids are suggested.

scholarly journals Metabolomic investigation of the pseudouridimycin producer, a prolific streptomycete

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Iorio ◽  
Sahar Davatgarbenam ◽  
Stefania Serina ◽  
Paolo Criscenzo ◽  
Mitja M. Zdouc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Cluster ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Bacterial Rna ◽  
Soil Isolate ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Polymerase Inhibitor

ABSTRACTWe report a metabolomic analysis of Streptomyces sp. ID38640, a soil isolate that produces the bacterial RNA polymerase inhibitor pseudouridimycin. The analysis was performed on the wild type and on ten different pum mutants blocked at different steps in pseudouridimycin biosynthesis. The results indicate that Streptomyces sp. ID38640 is able to produce, in addition to pseudouridimcyin, lydicamycins and deferroxiamines, as previously reported, also the lassopeptide ulleungdin, the non-ribosomal peptide antipain and the osmoprotectant ectoine. The corresponding biosynthetic gene clusters were readily identified in the strain genome. We also detected the known compound pyridindolol, for which we propose a previously unreported biosynthetic gene cluster, as well as three families of unknown metabolites. Remarkably, the levels of the different metabolites varied strongly in the different mutant strains, allowing detection of metabolites not normally seen in the wild type. Three newly constructed pum mutants, along with systematic investigation of the accumulated metabolites, shed further lights on pseudouridimycin biosynthesis. We also show that several Streptomyces strains, harboring the pum biosynthetic gene cluster and unrelated to ID38640, readily produce pseudouridimycin.

scholarly journals Three Thioesterases Are Involved in the Biosynthesis of Phosphinothricin Tripeptide in Streptomyces viridochromogenes Tü494

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 1686-1696 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Eys ◽  
D. Schwartz ◽  
W. Wohlleben ◽  
E. Schinko
Keyword(s):  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Cluster ◽  
Peptide Antibiotic ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Serine Residue ◽  
Peptide Synthetases ◽  
Peptide Synthetase ◽  
N Terminus ◽  
In The Wild

ABSTRACT Phosphinothricin tripeptide (PTT) is a peptide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces viridochromogenes Tü494, and it is synthesized by nonribosomal peptide synthetases. The PTT biosynthetic gene cluster contains three peptide synthetase genes: phsA, phsB, and phsC. Each of these peptide synthetases comprises only one module. In neither PhsB nor PhsC is a typical C-terminal thioesterase domain present. In contrast, a single thioesterase GXSXG motif has been identified in the N terminus of the first peptide synthetase, PhsA. In addition, two external thioesterase genes, theA and theB, are located within the PTT biosynthetic gene cluster. To analyze the thioesterase function as well as the assembly of the peptide synthetases within PTT biosynthesis, several mutants were generated and analyzed. A phsA deletion mutant (MphsA) was complemented with two different phsA constructs that were carrying mutations in the thioesterase motif. In one construct, the thioesterase motif comprising 45 amino acids of phsA were deleted. In the second construct, the conserved serine residue of the GXSXG motif was replaced by an alanine. In both cases, the complementation of MphsA did not restore PTT biosynthesis, revealing that the thioesterase motif in the N terminus of PhsA is required for PTT production. In contrast, TheA and TheB might have editing functions, as an interruption of the theA and theB genes led to reduced PTT production, whereas an overexpression of both genes in the wild type enhanced the PTT yield. The presence of an active single thioesterase motif in the N terminus of PhsA points to a novel mechanism of product release.

Impact of Exogenous Melatonin Application on Chilling Injury in Tomato Fruits During Cold Storage

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 741-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbasali Jannatizadeh ◽  
Morteza Soleimani Aghdam ◽  
Zisheng Luo ◽  
Farhang Razavi
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Exogenous Melatonin

Freeze-substituted fungal cells of Nectria haematococca: A comparison of the macroconidial walls of the adhesion-competent wild type with an adhesion-reduced mutant

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 688-689
Author(s):  
Thecan Caesar-Ton That ◽  
Lynn Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Nectria Haematococca ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Dialysis Tubing ◽  
Tube Emergence ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Freeze Damage

Nectria haematococca mating population I (anamorph, Fusarium solani) macroconidia attach to its host (squash) and non-host surfaces prior to germ tube emergence. The macroconidia become adhesive after a brief period of protein synthesis. Recently, Hickman et al. (1989) isolated N. haematococca adhesion-reduced mutants. Using freeze substitution, we compared the development of the macroconidial wall in the wild type in comparison to one of the mutants, LEI.Macroconidia were harvested at 1C, washed by centrifugation, resuspended in a dilute zucchini fruit extract and incubated from 0 - 5 h. During the incubation period, wild type macroconidia attached to uncoated dialysis tubing. Mutant macroconidia did not attach and were collected on poly-L-lysine coated dialysis tubing just prior to freezing. Conidia on the tubing were frozen in liquid propane at 191 - 193C, substituted in acetone with 2% OsO4 and 0.05% uranyl acetate, washed with acetone, and flat-embedded in Epon-Araldite. Using phase contrast microscopy at 1000X, cells without freeze damage were selected, remounted, sectioned and post-stained sequentially with 1% Ba(MnO4)2 2% uranyl acetate and Reynold’s lead citrate. At least 30 cells/treatment were examined.

scholarly journals Rad51-Independent Interchromosomal Double-Strand Break Repair by Gene Conversion Requires Rad52 but Not Rad55, Rad57, or Dmc1

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 897-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Pohl ◽  
Jac A. Nickoloff
Keyword(s):  
Gene Conversion ◽  
Strand Break ◽  
Double Strand Break ◽  
Single Strand ◽  
Homology Search ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Dsb Repair ◽  
Single Strand Annealing ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Break Induced Replication

ABSTRACT Homologous recombination (HR) is critical for DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and genome stabilization. In yeast, HR is catalyzed by the Rad51 strand transferase and its “mediators,” including the Rad52 single-strand DNA-annealing protein, two Rad51 paralogs (Rad55 and Rad57), and Rad54. A Rad51 homolog, Dmc1, is important for meiotic HR. In wild-type cells, most DSB repair results in gene conversion, a conservative HR outcome. Because Rad51 plays a central role in the homology search and strand invasion steps, DSBs either are not repaired or are repaired by nonconservative single-strand annealing or break-induced replication mechanisms in rad51Δ mutants. Although DSB repair by gene conversion in the absence of Rad51 has been reported for ectopic HR events (e.g., inverted repeats or between plasmids), Rad51 has been thought to be essential for DSB repair by conservative interchromosomal (allelic) gene conversion. Here, we demonstrate that DSBs stimulate gene conversion between homologous chromosomes (allelic conversion) by >30-fold in a rad51Δ mutant. We show that Rad51-independent allelic conversion and break-induced replication occur independently of Rad55, Rad57, and Dmc1 but require Rad52. Unlike DSB-induced events, spontaneous allelic conversion was detected in both rad51Δ and rad52Δ mutants, but not in a rad51Δ rad52Δ double mutant. The frequencies of crossovers associated with DSB-induced gene conversion were similar in the wild type and the rad51Δ mutant, but discontinuous conversion tracts were fivefold more frequent and tract lengths were more widely distributed in the rad51Δ mutant, indicating that heteroduplex DNA has an altered structure, or is processed differently, in the absence of Rad51.

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