Testing the Effects of DL-Alpha-Tocopherol Supplementation on Oxidative Damage, Total Antioxidant Protection and the Sex-Specific Responses of Reproductive Effort and Lifespan to Dietary Manipulation in Australian Field Crickets (Teleogryllus commodus)

This study is the first to assess the diagnostic utility of redox biomarkers in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Antioxidant barrier (Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), uric acid (UA), reduced glutathione (GSH)), redox status (total antioxidant (TAC)/oxidant status (TOS), ferric reducing ability (FRAP)), and oxidative damage products (advanced glycation end products (AGE), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), malondialdehyde (MDA)) were measured in serum/plasma samples of 50 CRC patients. The activity of SOD was significantly higher whereas the activity of CAT, GPx and GR was considerably lower in CRC patients compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). Levels of UA, TOS, and OSI and concentrations of AGE, AOPP, and MDA were significantly higher, and the levels of GSH, TAC, and FRAP were considerably lower in CRC patients compared to the healthy controls (p < 0.0001). AUC for CAT with respect to presence of lymph node metastasis was 0.7450 (p = 0.0036), whereas AUC for MDA according to the depth of tumour invasion was 0.7457 (p = 0.0118). CRC is associated with enzymatic/non-enzymatic redox imbalance as well as increased oxidative damage to proteins and lipids. Redox biomarkers can be potential diagnostic indicators of CRC advancement.

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Melatonin's antioxidant protection against ?-aminolevulinic acid-induced oxidative damage in rat cerebellum

Journal of Pineal Research ◽

10.1111/j.1600-079x.1997.tb00333.x ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 40-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Fernando G. Princ ◽

Adela Ana Juknat ◽

Andrea Grisel Maxit ◽

Carina Cardalda ◽

Alcira Battle

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Damage ◽

Aminolevulinic Acid ◽

Antioxidant Protection ◽

Rat Cerebellum

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Alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and melatonin administration protects cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative damage to bladder tissue in rats

Cell Biochemistry and Function ◽

10.1002/cbf.1347 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 521-526 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Serdar Sadir ◽

Salih Deveci ◽

Ahmet Korkmaz ◽

Sukru Oter

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Damage ◽

Beta Carotene ◽

Alpha Tocopherol ◽

Bladder Tissue ◽

Melatonin Administration

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Placental Adaptive Changes to Protect Function and Decrease Oxidative Damage in Metabolically Healthy Maternal Obesity

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9090794 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 794 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Celeste Santos-Rosendo ◽

Fernando Bugatto ◽

Alvaro González-Domínguez ◽

Alfonso M. Lechuga-Sancho ◽

Rosa Maria Mateos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Nitrosative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Response ◽

Placental Function ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Metabolically Healthy ◽

Inducible Nitric Oxide

Pregnancy-related disorders, including preeclampsia and gestational diabetes, are characterized by the presence of an adverse intrauterine milieu that may ultimately result in oxidative and nitrosative stress. This scenario may trigger uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion (O●−) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) such as nitric oxide (NO), along with an inactivation of antioxidant systems, which are associated with the occurrence of relevant changes in placental function through recognized redox post-translational modifications in key proteins. The general objective of this study was to assess the impact of a maternal obesogenic enviroment on the regulation of the placental nitroso-redox balance at the end of pregnancy. We measured oxidative damage markers—thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS) and carbonyl groups (C=O) levels; nitrosative stress markers—inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitrosothiol groups, and nitrotyrosine residues levels; and the antioxidant biomarkers—catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and expression, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), in full-term placental villous from both pre-pregnancy normal weight and obese women, and with absence of metabolic complications throughout gestation. The results showed a decrease in C=O and TBARS levels in obese pregnancies. Although total SOD and catalase concentrations were shown to be increased, both activities were significantly downregulated in obese pregnancies, along with total antioxidant capacity. Inducible nitric oxide sintase levels were increased in the obese group compared to the lean group, accompanied by an increase in nitrotyrosine residues levels and lower levels of nitrosothiol groups in proteins such as ERK1/2. These findings reveal a reduction in oxidative damage, accompanied by a decline in antioxidant response, and an increase via NO-mediated nitrative stress in placental tissue from metabolically healthy pregnancies with obesity. All this plausibly points to a placental adaptation of the affected antioxidant response towards a NO-induced alternative pathway, through changes in the ROS/RNS balance, in order to reduce oxidative damage and preserve placental function in pregnancy.

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Salivary Gland Function, Antioxidant Defence and Oxidative Damage in the Saliva of Patients with Breast Cancer: Does the BRCA1 Mutation Disturb the Salivary Redox Profile?

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers11101501 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1501 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Sawczuk ◽

Maciejczyk ◽

Sawczuk-Siemieniuk ◽

Posmyk ◽

Zalewska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Salivary Gland ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Brca1 Mutation ◽

Total Antioxidant Status ◽

Redox Balance ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Oxidative Damage To Proteins

: Oxidative stress plays a key role in breast cancer progression. However, little is still known about the relationship between the BRCA1 mutation, the incidence of breast cancer and oral homeostasis. This is the first study to evaluate the secretory function of salivary glands, biomarkers of redox balance, and oxidative damage to proteins and lipids in the saliva of subjects with the BRCA1 mutation. Ninety eight women were enrolled in the study and allocated to four groups based on molecular DNA testing: generally healthy patients without the BRCA1 mutation, patients with breast cancer but without the BRCA1 mutation, generally healthy patients with the BRCA1 mutation, and patients with both breast cancer and the BRCA1 mutation. We demonstrated that saliva from breast cancer patients with the BRCA1 mutation is characterized by enhanced antioxidant capacity and a higher degree of oxidative damage to proteins and lipids. The BRCA1 mutation can cause a predisposition to early salivary gland dysfunction, both in patients with breast cancer and in healthy individuals, leading to a decrease in salivary proteins. Using cluster analysis, we showed that salivary peroxidase, advanced glycation end-products (AGE), total antioxidant status (TAS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) may have particular clinical significance in non-invasive diagnostics of breast cancer.

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Interactions of peroxynitrite with human plasma and its constituents: oxidative damage and antioxidant depletion

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj3030295 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 303 (1) ◽

pp. 295-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 200

Author(s):

A Van der Vliet ◽

D Smith ◽

C A O'Neill ◽

H Kaur ◽

V Darley-Usmar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Plasma Proteins ◽

Alpha Tocopherol ◽

Human Blood Plasma ◽

Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽

Sh Groups ◽

Toxic Species

Endothelial cells and activated phagocytes produce both nitric oxide (.NO) and superoxide (O2.-), which react to form peroxynitrite. Peroxynitrite has been suggested to be directly cytotoxic and also to decompose into other toxic species. In order to understand the consequences of peroxynitrite generation in vivo, we examined its reaction with human blood plasma. Peroxynitrite decreased the total peroxyl-trapping capacity of plasma. In terms of specific antioxidants, addition of peroxynitrite to plasma leads to rapid oxidation of ascorbic acid, uric acid and plasma SH groups. The oxidation of plasma SH groups was enhanced in dialysed plasma and returned to control levels by the addition of physiological levels of bicarbonate. Evidence was found for formation of nitro-adducts to aromatic side chains in plasma proteins by peroxynitrite. Peroxynitrite also leads to depletion of ubiquinol and formation of traces of lipid hydroperoxides in plasma, although alpha-tocopherol levels were only slightly decreased. Peroxynitrite formation in human body fluids is likely to cause antioxidant depletion and oxidative damage.

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