scholarly journals Recycling Biogas Digestate from Energy Crops: Effects on Soil Properties and Crop Productivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 750
Author(s):  
Roberta Pastorelli ◽  
Giuseppe Valboa ◽  
Alessandra Lagomarsino ◽  
Arturo Fabiani ◽  
Stefania Simoncini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C

Digestate from biogas production can be recycled to the soil as conditioner/fertilizer improving the environmental sustainability of the energy supply chain. In a three-year maize-triticale rotation, we investigated the short-term effects of digestate on soil physical, chemical, and microbiological properties and evaluated its effectiveness in complementing the mineral fertilizers. Digestate soil treatments consisted of combined applications of the whole digestate and its mechanically separated solid fraction. Digestate increased soil total organic C, total N and K contents. Soil bulk density was not affected by treatments, while aggregate stability showed a transient improvement due to digestate treatments. A decrement of the transmission pores proportion and an increment of fissures was observed in digestate treated soils. Soil microbial community was only transiently affected by digestate treatments and no soil contamination from Clostridiaceae-related bacteria were observed. Digestate can significantly impair seed germination when applied at low dilution ratios. Crop yield under digestate treatment was similar to ordinary mineral-based fertilization. Overall, our experiment proved that the agronomic recycling of digestate from biogas production maintained a fair crop yield and soil quality. Digestate was confirmed as a valid resource for sustainable management of soil fertility under energy-crop farming, by combining a good attitude as a fertilizer with the ability to compensate for soil organic C loss.

Effect of ground covers and tillage between raspberry rows on selected soil physical and chemical parameters and crop response

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
S. Freyman ◽  
C. G. Kowalenko
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Wet Aggregate Stability

The use of inter-row ground covers has been suggested to reduce soil degradation in raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) production. The effect after 6 yr of consistent inter-row management of ground covers or roto-tillage in raspberry on soil wet aggregate stability (WAS), bulk density, organic C and total N, and mineralizable nitrogen in the Fraser Valley of British Columbia was studied. Management treatments included no cover crop or cover crops of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), sheep's fescue (Festuca ovina L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), and white clover (Trifolium repens L.). A general pattern of perennial grasses > legume and barley > control was observed for soil WAS. Some quantitative and qualitative differences in the organic component of the soil profile to 30 cm were detected among management treatments. The differences were not statistically strong because the changes were small relative to the large pool present, but were relatively consistent overall. The white clover treatment tended to have more organic carbon, particularly in the subsurface, than the other treatments. The four treatments that included inter-row vegetation tended to have a greater amount of total and mineralizable N than the clean-tilled control. Crop vigour, as indicated by cane diameter, was reduced by the perennial grasses, but the inter-row management had only limited effects on berry yield. White clover appears to provide the best compromise between improving soil quality and minimizing competition with the berry crop. Key words: Wet aggregate stability, barley, sheep's fescue, perennial ryegrass, white clover

scholarly journals Seasonal Changes in the Carbohydrate Pool of an Atlantic Forest Soil under Different Vegetation Types .

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángela Martín ◽  
Tarsy Carballas ◽  
Montserrat Díaz-Raviña
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Behaviour Pattern ◽  
Neutral Sugar ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Neutral Sugars ◽  
Total Organic C

The seasonal variations of the content and composition of soil carbohydrates, a labile pool of the soil organic matter, were studied in a Humic Cambisol located within the Atlantic temperate-humid zone (Galicia, N.W. of Spain) and developed over basic schists and under different type of vegetation: Quercus robur (climax forest), Pinus pinaster and Eucalyptus globulus. Soil samples from the A horizon (0-15 cm depth) of the three different forests were collected in spring, summer, autumn and winter. The carbohydrate content was estimated by colorimetry after their extraction by a sequential two-step acid hydrolysis method and further purification of the hydrolysates (first hydrolysis fraction, FA, non-cellulosic polysaccharides; second hydrolysis fraction, FB, cellulosic polysaccharides). The total amount of neutral sugars (hexoses and pentoses) from the three forests was in the range of 2.9-27.4 g kg<sup>-1</sup> d.w., and represented between 5 and 12 % of the total organic C. The carbohydrate content was much higher in the FA fraction than that in the FB fraction, hexoses predominating over pentoses in both fractions. Seasonal variations of hexoses and pentoses exhibited the same behaviour pattern, showing that for FA and FB fractions higher concentrations of both neutral sugars were found in spring and winter (mean values: 12 and 14 g total neutral sugars kg<sup>-1</sup> d.w., respectively) than in summer and autumn (7 and 8 g total neutral sugars kg<sup>-1</sup> d.w., respectively). Likewise, for each year’s season, the total content of both hexoses and pentoses in both fractions varied in the order: Quercus (16 g neutral sugars kg<sup>-1</sup> d.w.) &gt; Pinus (9 g neutral sugars kg<sup>-1</sup> d.w.) &gt; Eucalyptus (5 g neutral sugars kg<sup>-1</sup> d.w.) forests. Vegetation type clearly affected soil organic carbon, carbohydrate content and aggregate stability, while the ratio neutral sugar C / total organic C was mostly affected by season. Compared to the climax oak forest, the pine and eucalyptus stands exhibited a significant reduction in the content of carbohydrates, total organic C, total N and in aggregate stability, showinga decrease in soil quality.

Amelioration of degraded soils under red pine plantations on the Oak Ridges Moraine, Ontario

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
T S McPherson ◽  
V R Timmer
Keyword(s):  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Soil Restoration ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Oak Ridges Moraine ◽  
Old Growth Forest

Soil degradation and subsequent amelioration were studied on soil chronosequences of old-growth forest, abandoned fields, and young and mature conifer plantations on the Oak Ridges Moraine, an environmentally vulnerable landform near Toronto threatened by encroaching urban development. The chronosequences reflect a history of pre-settlement deforestation, exploitive pioneer agriculture and ensuing land abandonment that led to soil fallowing and/or wind erosion in the 1920s followed by soil stabilization after extensive planting with red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.). Key pedogenic processes were identified and rates and magnitude of soil recovery were quantified in terms of morphological, physical and chemical characteristics of soil profiles. Soil degradation generally involved reduced fertility with profile simplification (haploidization) on non-eroded fallowed fields, and topsoil loss by wind erosion (deflation) on more exposed eroded fields. After reforestation, soil restoration was characterized by cessation of erosion, accelerated horizon development and differentiation, reduced soil bulk density, and increased fertility and acidification of the soil. Chronofunctions revealed substantial recovery in soil organic C, total N, available P, and exchangeable K, Ca and Mg status within 75 yr of initial reforestation on non-deflated, fallowed sites. In contrast, estimated recovery of these parameters on severely deflated sites was delayed far beyond plantation maturity. Key words: Oak Ridges Moraine, plantation (red pine), ecosystem restoration, deflation, soil degradation

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR DARI LIMBAH CAIR PRODUKSI BIOGAS MENGGUNAKAN COMPOSTAR

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Tri Retno Dyah ◽  
Srikandi Srikandi
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Commercial Inoculant ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Corn Plants

Quality Improvement  of  Liquid  Organic  Fertilizer from Water Waste  of Biogas Using Compostar          It had been improved the quality of the liquid organic fertilizer from waste of Biogas production with the addition of inoculant ( F1 and F2 ) and without inoculant (F0) also additives ( V1 , V2 and V3 ) . Variations of a given treatment comprised of F0V0 (as control), F0V1 , F0V2 , F0V3 , F1V1 , F1V2 , F1V3, F2V1 , F2V2 and F2V3 using experimental design of CRD (Completely Randomized Design) with 3 x replications . Liquid fertilizer quality parameters measured were : temperature , pH , organic-C , total-N and P. While the parameters measured in the corn biomass is wet weight , dry weight , levels of N and P. The results showed that the addition of biofertilizer Compostar isolates (F2) were able to decompose the form of additives to the maximum compared with (F1) and without (F0) the addition of commercial inoculant  with an average content of N - total of  823.2 mg / L and the average P2O5  content of 187.7 mg / L. While the addition of additives could increase levels of  N - total and P2O5 , where the levels of  N - largest total in the treatment of V3 ( Tp.fish Tp.bone 2 % and 2% ) with an average of 967.6 mg / L , while the largest concentration of P2O5 in treatment V1 ( Tp.fish 2 % ) with an average of 154.4 mg / L. Liquid organic fertilizer did not significantly affect the levels of nutrient uptake , biomass dry weight of corn plants , but had significant effect on plant height , stem large and heavy wet corn crop biomass , was the treatment of F2V2 with the addition of biofertilizer that isolates composter and additives in the form of bone meal 2 % .Keywords :  liquid organic fertilizer, biogas sludge, compostar ABSTRAK        Telah dilakukan peningkatan kualitas pupuk organik cair dari limbah produksi biogas dengan penambahan inokulan   ( F1 dan F2)  dan tanpa penambahan inokulan (F0) serta penambahan zat aditif (V1, V2 dan V3).   Variasi perlakuan yang diberikan  terdiri dari  F0V0  sebagai kontrol, F0V1 , F0V2 , F0V3 ,  F1V1 , F1V2 , F1V3  , F2V1 , F2V2 , dan F2V3   menggunakan rancangan percobaan RAL ( Rancang Acak Lengkap) dengan 3 x ulangan. Parameter kualitas pupuk cair yang diukur , yaitu : suhu, pH, C-organik, N-total dan P. Sedangkan parameter pada biomassa  jagung yang diukur adalah bobot basah, bobot kering, Kadar hara N dan P. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa penambahan biofertilizer berupa isolate Compostar (F2) mampu menguraikan zat aditif secara maksimal dibandingkan dengan  inokulan komersil (F1) dan tanpa penambahan inokulan (F0) dengan rataan kandungan N-Total sebesar  823,2 mg/L  dan rataan kandungan P2O5 sebesar 187,7 mg/L. Sedangkan penambahan zat aditif mampu meningkatkan kadar N-Total dan P2O5, dimana kadar N-Total terbesar pada perlakuan V3( Tp.ikan 2% dan Tp.Tulang 2%) dengan rataan sebesar 967,6 mg/L, sedangkan kadar P2O5 terbesar pada perlakuan V1 (Tp.ikan 2%) dengan rataan sebesar 154,4 mg/L. Pemberian pupuk organic cair tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap serapan kadar hara, berat kering biomassa tanaman jagung, tetapi berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman,besar batang dan berat basah biomassa tanaman jagung, yakni pada perlakuan F2V2 yaitu  dengan penambahan biofertilizer isolate composter dan zat aditif berupa tepung tulang 2%.Kata Kunci : pupuk organik cair, sludge biogas, compostar.

scholarly journals Organic versus inorganic fertilizers: Response of soil properties and crop yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-439
Author(s):  
Teresa Hernandez ◽  
◽  
José Guillermo Berlanga ◽  
Isabel Tormos ◽  
Carlos Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Organic C

<abstract> <p>The decrease in soil productivity and quality caused by the continuous and abusive use of mineral fertilizers makes necessary to adopt more sustainable agricultural soil management strategies that help to maintain soil edaphic fertility. In light of these considerations, we have evaluated the effect of organic vs. inorganic fertilization on soil microbial communities, soil quality, and crop yield in a melon crop. The following treatments were tested: i) aerobic sewage sludge from a conventional wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) using aerobic bacteria (SS); ii) aerobic sewage sludge from a WWTP using a bacteria-microalgae consortium (B); iii) N-P-K mineral fertilizer (M); iv) a treatment in which 50% of the N was contributed by SS and 50% by mineral fertilizer (M + SS); v) a treatment in which 50% of the N was contributed by B and 50% by mineral fertilizer (M + B); and vi) a no-fertilized control soil. Melon yield and fruit quality were determined in addition to several soil physical, chemical, biochemical and microbiological parameters. Organic fertilizers (SS and B) increased the percentage of soil water-stable aggregates (52 and 60% respectively) as well as the content of organic C (18 and 31%), water soluble C (21 and 41%), N (15 and 41%) and available P content (41 and 82%) compared to inorganic fertilization. They also stimulated bacterial and fungal abundance to a greater extent than mineral fertilizers (189 and 242% vs 85%, and 57 and 122% vs 29%, respectively), as well as soil respiration, and dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase, phosphatase, urease, and glycine aminopectidase activities. The analysis of principal components with parameters linked to soil quality clearly showed that organic fertilizers cause a greater improvement in soil characteristics and microbial community than mineral fertilizers. Results demonstrate that organic and combined fertilization could be used as substitutes for nitrogen mineral fertilizers in melon crop, since these treatments led to similar melon production and quality while improving soil characteristics and microbial population size and activity.</p> </abstract>

A soil health scoring framework for arable cropping systems in Saskatchewan Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianyi Wu ◽  
Kate A. Congreves
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Scoring Functions ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Weighting Factors ◽  
The Individual

Farmers are looking for appropriate tools for assessing and interpreting the health status of their soils; however, there is no standardized and prairie-based soil health scoring framework. As such, we focused on developing one for arable cropping systems in Saskatchewan. In 2018, soil samples (0-15, 15-30, and 30-60 cm depths) were collected from 55 arable fields across Saskatchewan, along with native prairie samples. Various soil chemical, physical, and biological attributes were measured (23 attributes in total). Based on the data distribution for each attribute, we developed scoring functions. The results from multivariate analyses were used to determine the weighting factors needed to integrate the individual scores from each soil attribute into a single Saskatchewan Assessment of Soil Health (SASH) score. Soil C and N indices (soil organic C, active C, total N, and soil protein) and total P produced the highest weighting factors. We also tested if there were linkages between the soil health and crop productivity by assessing the cereal yields for the past 10 years as reported from the same rural municipalities where the soil samples were collected. A positive relationship between soil health and yields was most apparent during dry years; thus, we recommend further research to explore this linkage at a finer-scale. Overall, this research forms the foundation of a promising framework that can be built upon, and in due course, lead to the development of a tool for producers who are interested in tracking soil health and using the results to inform management.

Dynamics of soil water-extractable organic C following application of dairy cattle manures

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis A Angers ◽  
Martin H Chantigny ◽  
Philippe Rochette ◽  
Bernard Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Water Extractable

Water-extractable organic C (WEOC) is a determinant driver of several soil and environmental processes, and can be influenced by management practices such as organic amendment. Our objective was to study the dynamics of soil WEOC following application of liquid and solid dairy cattle manures to a loamy and a clay soil under field conditions. Manures were applied in 2 consecutive years to silage corn fields at rates equivalent to 150 kg total N ha-1. Soil WEOC was monitored the day after application and weekly or biweekly thereafter in manured and control (mineral fertilizers) plots. Liquid and solid manure S brought on average 39 and 13 g WEOC m-2, respectively. These amounts are much larger than the increases measured in soil WEOC during the hours and days following manure application (0 to 30 mg kg-1, equivalent to 0 to 3 g m-2). Moreover, manure addition had little effects in the 10- to 30-cm soil layer. The rapid and extensive adsorption of manure WEOC onto mineral surfaces likely explains the limited effects of manure on soil WEOC. This adsorption process was presumably exacerbated by the mixing of manure and soil resulting from the tillage operation. Soil temperature and respiration appeared to have determinant influence on the level of soil WEOC content in the post-harvest period. Overall, temporal variations in soil WEOC contents were large and generally greater than the fluctuations directly attributable to manure addition. Key words: Soil organic C, extractable C, dairy manure, silage corn

Tillage - fertilizer changes: Effect on some soil quality attributes under long-term crop rotations in a thin Black Chernozem

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
C A Campbell ◽  
F. Selles ◽  
G P Lafond ◽  
V O Biederbeck ◽  
R P Zentner
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
C And N ◽  
Wet Aggregate Stability ◽  
Legume Green Manure

A crop rotation experiment initiated in 1958 on a thin Black Chernozemic clay at Indian Head, Saskatchewan, was managed using conventional tillage until 1989 and changed to zero-tillage in 1990. We soil sampled in 1987 and 1997 to determine management effects on selected soil biochemical characteristics, and the change in some of the more labile soil quality attributes relative to the change in soil organic C and total N. Rotations examined were: fallow-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (F-W), fallow-wheat-wheat (F-W-W), continuous wheat (Cont W), legume green manure (GM)-W-W, and F-W-W-hay (legume-grass)-hay-hay (F-W-W-H-H-H). The monoculture cereal rotations were either fertilized with N and P based on soil tests or unfertilized, while the legume-containing systems were unfertilized. There was also a F-W-W (N + P) treatment, in which about 20% of the straw was harvested each crop year. With the change to zero-tillage management in 1990 and in anticipation of greater soil water storage, higher rates of N were added thereafter. This resulted in an upward trend in stubble-crop yields and a positive yield response of wheat grown on fallow, where before the change wheat grown on fallow did not respond to fertilizer. The corresponding increase in crop residue production and residue C inputs resulted in all fertilized systems gaining organic C and total N in the 0- to 15-cm depth between 1987 and 1997, while the unfertilized systems remained unchanged. Soil organic C and total N, microbial biomass C (MBC), light fraction organic C and N (LFC and LFN), mineralizable N (Nmin) and wet aggregate stability (WAS), generally had positive responses to fertilization, to increased cropping frequency, and to the inclusion of legume green manure or legume hay crops in cereal-based rotations. Straw harvesting did not influence grain yields, nor did it influence the soil biochemical characteristics, though it tended to render the soil more prone to erosion. Response to cropping frequency was apparent only in the fertilized systems, where the more labile soil quality attributes, (i.e., MBC, LFC, LFN, and Nmin) were more sensitive than organic C or total N. However, gains in LFC and MBC in response to fertilizer did not account for a significant fraction of the gain in total organic C. During the period 1987 to 1997, MBC in the 0- to 15-cm depth increased by 40% in absolute value and by 33% relative to organic C (3.6% of organic C in 1997 vs. 2.7% in 1987). The same was true for LFN in the fertilized treatments and in the green manured system (1.46% of total N in 1997 vs. 1.15% in 1987). However, LFC hardly changed over this period. Relative to total N, Nmin decreased in 1997 compared with 1987, likely due to higher immobilization. Wet aggregate stability was generally greater in 1997 compared with 1991, reflecting greater crop residue inputs and less soil disturbance under zero-tillage management. Key words: Microbial biomass, Light fraction C and N, aggregate stability, Mineralizable N, yields

scholarly journals Fodder crops as raw materials for biofuel production

1970 ◽  
pp. 172-180
Author(s):  
О.О. Chernelivska ◽  
I.M. Dziubenko
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Fertilizer System

Purpose. To study the adaptive elements of technology for growing high-stem forage crops (corn, sugar sorghum, sudanese grass, sorghum-sudanese hybrid) and features of biomass formation for biogas production in the right-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory, quantitative-weight, visual, calculation-comparative, mathematical-statistical. Results. The researche results provided the adaptive technology elements cultivation of high-stem forage cultures for the further using of biomass for biogas production. The use of complex mineral fertilizers (NPK) on crops of high-stem forage crops led to an increase in crop productivity compared to the application of nitrogen fertilizers (N). Transferring of the crops harvesting time from the phase of stem prolongation to the phase of the heads forming, and especially the milk-wax ripeness of the grain provided an increase in yield and quality of biomass. The application of the crop nutrition system and biomass harvesting in different phases of fodder crop development ensured the yield of corn at the level of 26.8-66.5 t/ha, sudanese grass – 26.6-60.2 t/ha, sorghum-sudanese hybrid – 34,1-114.7 t/ha and sugar sorghum – 37.3-105.4 t/ha, estimated yield of biogas from 2.83 to 32.54 thousand m3/ha and energy from biogas – from 51.9-709.4 GJ/ha, depending on the fertilizer option and harvesting period. Conclusions. The application of the optimal fertilizer system (N90P90K90) and harvesting of biomass in the phase of milk-wax ripeness of grain the highest productivity was provided by crops of high-stem forage crops: yield of corn biomass at the level of 54.9-66.5 t/ha, sudanese grass – 45.0-60.2 t/ha, sorghum-sudanese hybrid – 82.0-114.7 t/ha and sugar sorghum 74.3-105.4 t/ha, estimated biogas yield from 12.91 to 32.54 thousand m3/ha and energy from biogas – 281.4-709.4 GJ/ha, with a level of profitability from 7.1 to 177.6% dependently on the crop and nutrient background.

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