scholarly journals Impact of Disabled Driver’s Mass Center Location on Biomechanical Parameters during Crash

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Sybilski ◽  
Jerzy Małachowski
Keyword(s):  
Head Injuries ◽  
Time Integration ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Disable Person ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Time Integration Method ◽  
Additional Equipment ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters ◽  
Lateral Displacements

Adapting a car for a disable person involves adding additional equipment to compensate for the driver’s disability. During this process, the change in the driver’s position and kinematics and their impact on safety levels during crash is not considered. There is also a lack of studies in the literature on this problem. This paper describes a methodology for conducting a study of the behavior of a disabled driver during a crash using the finite element method, based on an explicit time integration method. A validated car model and a commercial dummy model were used. The results show that the use of a handle on the steering wheel and a hand control unit causes dangerous lateral displacements relative to the seat. Amputation of the left leg or right arm causes significant shoulder rotations, amputation of the left leg causes increased thoracic loads. Amputation or additional equipment have no significant impact on head injuries.

scholarly journals An Improved Time Integration Method Based on Galerkin Weak Form with Controllable Numerical Dissipation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1932
Author(s):  
Weixuan Wang ◽  
Qinyan Xing ◽  
Qinghao Yang
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Integration Method ◽  
Time Integration ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Weak Form ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Numerical Dissipation ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Time Integration Method ◽  
Numerical Damping

Based on the newly proposed generalized Galerkin weak form (GGW) method, a two-step time integration method with controllable numerical dissipation is presented. In the first sub-step, the GGW method is used, and in the second sub-step, a new parameter is introduced by using the idea of a trapezoidal integral. According to the numerical analysis, it can be concluded that this method is unconditionally stable and its numerical damping is controllable with the change in introduced parameters. Compared with the GGW method, this two-step scheme avoids the fast numerical dissipation in a low-frequency range. To highlight the performance of the proposed method, some numerical problems are presented and illustrated which show that this method possesses superior accuracy, stability and efficiency compared with conventional trapezoidal rule, the Wilson method, and the Bathe method. High accuracy in a low-frequency range and controllable numerical dissipation in a high-frequency range are both the merits of the method.

Vibration of Nonuniform Beams Under Moving Point Loads: An Approximate Analytical Solution in Time Domain

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 1750035 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Sudheesh Kumar ◽  
C. Sujatha ◽  
K. Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Approximate Analytical Solution ◽  
Time Integration ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Mode Analysis ◽  
Moving Loads ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Require Time ◽  
Analytical Formulae ◽  
Clamped Beams ◽  
Forced Responses

The forced-free responses of nonuniform beams under moving point loads are analyzed in this paper. Simple approximate analytical formulae for the forced responses of undamped nonuniform beams, derived using the fundamental mode by the Rayleigh–Ritz (R–R) method, are presented. The responses of both simply supported and clamped–clamped beams are analyzed. The responses are also determined by the finite element method (FEM) in which nonuniform elements are used for fast convergence. It is found that the present method yields results that are very close to those obtained by the FEM. As this method does not require time integration, it is faster and computationally more efficient. Though the single-mode analysis of forced vibration of uniform beams under moving loads has been done by several researchers, its application to nonuniform beams has not been reported.

Comparison of Two Time-Integration Algorithms for an Anisotropic Damage Model Coupled with Plasticity

2015 ◽  
Vol 784 ◽  
pp. 292-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Wulfinghoff ◽  
Marek Fassin ◽  
Stefanie Reese
Keyword(s):  
Evolution Equations ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
Time Integration ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Anisotropic Damage ◽  
Euler Scheme ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Implicit Euler Scheme ◽  
Integration Algorithms

In this work, two time integration algorithms for the anisotropic damage model proposed by Lemaitre et al. (2000) are compared. Specifically, the standard implicit Euler scheme is compared to an algorithm which implicitly solves the elasto-plastic evolution equations and explicitly computes the damage update. To this end, a three dimensional bending example is solved using the finite element method and the results of the two algorithms are compared for different time step sizes.

The Effect of Vehicles Steering Tilt Angle Impact Human Thorax

2013 ◽  
Vol 397-400 ◽  
pp. 585-588
Author(s):  
Zhi Hua Cai ◽  
Feng Chong Lan ◽  
Ji Qing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Contact Force ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Body Model ◽  
Frontal Impacts ◽  
Wheel Rim ◽  
Human Thorax

Thorax injuries are common in vehicular accidents, second only to head injuries. Unbelted drivers of vehicles are more likely to suffer thorax injuries from steering wheel contact in frontal impacts. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects the steering wheel tilt angle (0, 20, 40, and 60) impact to the thorax of human body model with respect to thorax deflection and steering wheel rim contact interaction. To understanding of the human thorax sensitivity to steering wheel tilt angle on the force and deflection response using finite element simulations. It was found that the thorax response is sensitive to changes in steering wheel tilt angle. The contact force, Sternal displacement were the key parameters to be observed and compared. The results show that the contact force increased when the steering wheel tilt angle was bigger, the response was quicker. Low steering wheel tilt resulted in greater deformation. The greater the contact force, the deformation of the sternum but reduced when thorax impact the steering wheel, According to ECE R12 steering wheel regulation ,use force regulations to assessment the injury of the thorax is not accurate enough when human thorax impact the steering wheel.

scholarly journals Impact of difference between explicit and implicit second-order time integration schemes on isotropic/anisotropic steady incompressible turbulence field

2021 ◽  
Vol 2090 (1) ◽  
pp. 012145
Author(s):  
Ryuma Honda ◽  
Hiroki Suzuki ◽  
Shinsuke Mochizuki
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Integration Method ◽  
Time Integration ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Implicit Time ◽  
Explicit Time Integration ◽  
Time Integration Method ◽  
Implicit Time Integration ◽  
Time Integration Methods

Abstract This study presents the impact of the difference between the implicit and explicit time integration methods on a steady turbulent flow field. In contrast to the explicit time integration method, the implicit time integration method may produce significant kinetic energy conservation error because the widely used spatial difference method for discretizing the governing equations is explicit with respect to time. In this study, the second-order Crank-Nicolson method is used as the implicit time integration method, and the fourth-order Runge-Kutta, second-order Runge-Kutta and second-order Adams-Bashforth methods are used as explicit time integration methods. In the present study, both isotropic and anisotropic steady turbulent fields are analyzed with two values of the Reynolds number. The turbulent kinetic energy in the steady turbulent field is hardly affected by the kinetic energy conservation error. The rms values of static pressure fluctuation are significantly sensitive to the kinetic energy conservation error. These results are examined by varying the time increment value. These results are also discussed by visualizing the large scale turbulent vortex structure.

Time integration method to determine the characteristic parameter of a light extinctiometer

1993 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Geng ◽  
A. van de Ven ◽  
F. Zhang ◽  
H. Grönig
Keyword(s):  
Integration Method ◽  
Time Integration ◽  
Characteristic Parameter ◽  
Time Integration Method
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