scholarly journals Determinants of Reactive Agility in Tests with Different Demands on Sensory and Motor Components in Handball Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6531
Author(s):  
Henrieta Horníková ◽  
Michal Jeleň ◽  
Erika Zemková
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Test Reaction ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Visual Reaction ◽  
Reactive Agility ◽  
Time Test ◽  
The Times ◽  
Reaction Speed

This study investigates the relationship between reactive agility and reaction speed, sprint speed, and muscle strength and their contribution to Y-shaped agility test and reactive agility test (RAT) performance in handball players. Seven handball players performed a Y-shaped agility test and RAT, simple and choice-based reaction time test, reaction test to fast and slow generated visual stimuli, 5 m and 20 m sprint tests, a 505 Agility test, a squat jump, a countermovement jump, and a drop jump. The results reveal a significant relationship between the times for the Y-shaped agility test and the 20 m sprint (r = 0.777, p = 0.040, R = 0.604), as well as the time for the 505 Agility test (r = 0.770, p = 0.043, R2 = 0.593), and RSI (r = −0.755, p = 0.050, R2 = 0.570); however, no relationship was found with parameters pertaining to reaction speed. RAT performance did not significantly correlate with RSI, time in the 505 Agility test, squat jump height, time in the 20 m sprint, and reaction time to fast generated visual stimuli, although large effect sizes were found (r > 0.5). It seems that the contribution of sensory and motor components depends on the structure of the agility test. While the Y-shaped agility test is mainly determined by sprinting, the change of direction speed, and reactive strength, there is the tendency for the reactive agility test to be determined by strength, speed, and visual reaction time.

scholarly journals The Importance of Reactive Agility Tests in Differentiating Adolescent Soccer Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3839
Author(s):  
Nebojša Trajković ◽  
Goran Sporiš ◽  
Tomislav Krističević ◽  
Dejan M. Madić ◽  
Špela Bogataj
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Reactive Agility ◽  
Light Stimuli ◽  
Speed Change ◽  
The Times

The ability to differentiate the elite from nonelite athletes is not clearly defined. We investigated level differences in speed, change of direction speed (CODS), and reactive agility in a group of trained adolescent soccer players. A total of 75 adolescent male soccer players (aged 14–19 years) were recruited. The players were grouped based on the level of play to elite, sub-elite, and amateur players. Players were tested for 5-, 10- and 20-m sprints, CODS, and reactive agility tests (RAT). Elite players had faster reaction movement time during RAT with live opponent stimuli (p ≤ 0.01) compared to sub-elite and amateur players. Moreover, elite players showed a faster time during light stimuli (p ≤ 0.01) but only compared to amateur players. The times for 5-m and 10-m sprint groups did not differ (p > 0.05). The results demonstrated that the skilled players (elite and sub-elite) performed better in reactive agility tests, speed, and COD speed compared to amateur players. Additionally, we can conclude that total and reaction time in the agility test with live opponent stimuli can be a significant factor that differentiates between adolescent soccer players considering their level.

Accurate reaction time methods demonstrate similar results from different sensory modalities

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Drew McRacken ◽  
Maddie Dyson ◽  
Kevin Hu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Reaction Time Methods ◽  
Test Reaction ◽  
Reaction Time Variability ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Visual Reaction ◽  
The Impact

Over the past few decades, there has been a significant number of reports that suggested that reaction times for different sensory modalities were different – e.g., that visual reaction time was slower than tactile reaction time. A recent report by Holden and colleagues stated that (1) there has been a significant historic upward drift in reaction times reported in the literature, (2) that this drift or degradation in reaction times could be accounted for by inaccuracies in the methods used and (3) that these inaccurate methods led to inaccurate reporting of differences between visual and tactile based reaction time testing.  The Holden study utilized robotics (i.e., no human factors) to test visual and tactile reaction time methods but did not assess how individuals would perform on different sensory modalities.  This study utilized three different sensory modalities: visual, auditory, and tactile, to test reaction time. By changing the way in which the subjects were prompted and measuring subsequent reaction time, the impact of sensory modality could be analyzed. Reaction time testing for two sensory modalities, auditory and visual, were administered through an Arduino Uno microcontroller device, while tactile-based reaction time testing was administered with the Brain Gauge. A range of stimulus intensities was delivered for the reaction times delivered by each sensory modality. The average reaction time and reaction time variability was assessed and a trend could be identified for the reaction time measurements of each of the sensory modalities. Switching the sensory modality did not result in a difference in reaction time and it was concluded that this was due to the implementation of accurate circuitry used to deliver each test. Increasing stimulus intensity for each sensory modality resulted in faster reaction times. The results of this study confirm the findings of Holden and colleagues and contradict the results reported in countless studies that conclude that (1) reaction times are historically slower now than they were 50 years ago and (2) that there are differences in reaction times for different sensory modalities (vision, hearing, tactile). The implications of this are that utilization of accurate reaction time methods could have a significant impact on clinical outcomes and that many methods in current clinical use are basically perpetuating poor methods and wasting time and money of countless subjects or patients.

scholarly journals Comparison of Mind Control Techniques: An Assessment of Reaction Times

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 596-600
Author(s):  
Varun Malhotra ◽  
Neera Goel ◽  
Usha Dhar ◽  
Rinku Garg ◽  
Yogish Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Devotional Music ◽  
Mind Control ◽  
Visual Reaction ◽  
Time Test ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Reaction Time Test

Background: Every activity requires a certain amount of concentration and no effective action may be performed without deep concentration. Businessman or artists or students in school must know the art of focusing all powers of attention on a single point in order to succeed in their respective vocation.Methods: We wanted to find the best technique to increase the concentration scientifically. We thus, endeavored to study and compare the reaction times in maneuvers of anuloma viloma pranayama, kapalbhatti pranayama, gayatri chanting and exercise. Reaction time test was taken online before anuloma viloma pranayama, kapalbhatti pranayama, gayatri chanting and exercise and compared after.Results: Reaction times decreased significantly and was least during gayatri mantra. Concentration as seen by a decrease in visual reaction time denotes first a withdrawal of attention from objects of distraction and then focusing all attention upon one thing at a time. Just 30 minutes of physical activity each day offers substantial benefits to your health.Conclusions: Pranayama or devotional music chanting also decreases fatigue keeps the mind alert, and active.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(4) 2016 p.596-600

Relationships of Auditory and Visual Reaction Times to Reading Achievement

1968 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter A. Busby ◽  
Donald E. Hurd
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reading Achievement ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Perceptual Field ◽  
Visual Channel ◽  
Visual Reaction ◽  
Low Tone

To determine the relationship between reading achievement and the reaction time of an individual responding to auditory and visual stimuli present in his perceptual field Ss were selected at random from Grades 2, 4 and 6. S lifted his finger from a key as rapidly as possible at the onset of any one of four stimuli (red or green light, high or low tone). Shifting reaction time was not independent of reaction time in either the auditory or visual channel. Hence, the possibility that relative perceptual difficulties could exist in shifting behavior while no defect existed in either single channel was not supported. Perception defined as the reaction time of an individual responding to auditory and visual stimuli was not significantly related to reading achievement.

The Effect of a Powered Lower-Body Exoskeleton on Physical and Cognitive Warfighter Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1663-1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake Bequette ◽  
Adam Norton ◽  
Eric Jones ◽  
Leia Stirling
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Visual Reaction Time ◽  
Military Members ◽  
Visual Reaction ◽  
Time Test ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Exoskeleton Design

This study analyzed the performance of twelve military members in a simulated, fatigue-inducing patrol task under three conditions: wearing a powered exoskeleton, wearing an unpowered exoskeleton, and without wearing an exoskeleton. While walking with weight at a prescribed pace over obstacles while following a confederate, participants were subject to a dual-task cognitive test in which they answered radio calls and visually scanned for lighted targets. Cognitive load was varied through a secondary radio task and measured with a visual reaction time test. Physical load and cognitive load were varied throughout the test. For this paper, the dependent measures of interest were reaction time for the visual task and lag time behind the confederate. Significant differences and interactions were found in the visual reaction time among the exoskeleton conditions, physical loads, and cognitive loads. Significant differences and interactions were also found for the lag time of the subject behind their prescribed pace, and the variability of this lag time. Both measures had significant interactions with subject. Future work should examine what design features of the exoskeleton and capability of the human are related to these variabilities. An understanding of subject variability can lead to improvements in integrated exoskeleton design.

Simple Reaction Time and Movement Time in Normal Human Volunteers: A Long-Term Reliability Study

1986 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 767-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra J. Baker ◽  
Jacques P. J. Maurissen ◽  
George J. Chrzan
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Test Session ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Visual Reaction ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Time Test ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

This study assessed the reliability of a simple visual reaction time test in adult male volunteers. Reliability was defined as stability of variance, covariance, and mean performance across sessions. Coefficients of variation and reliability were also calculated. Total response times were divided into two components, reaction time and movement time. 14 volunteers were tested on six occasions over a 12-mo. period. On the first occasion, five sessions were given; subsequently, one practice and one test session were conducted. The results showed that variance and covariance were not significantly different across sessions. Multivariate trend analysis indicated no significant trend in the means and no significant deviation from linearity over time, i.e., performance was stable. Within- and between-subject variability were lower for reaction time (3.7% and 23.3%) than for movement time (7.5% and 45.6%). Test-retest reliability reached 0.98 and 0.97 while average split-half reliabilities were 0.84 and 0.85 for reaction and movement times, respectively.

scholarly journals The effect of acute vibration on visual reaction time in fencers

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-532
Author(s):  
Sercin Kosova ◽  
Hikmet Gümüş ◽  
Merve Koca Kosova ◽  
Mehmet İsmet Tok
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Visual Reaction Time ◽  
Local Vibration ◽  
Vibration Exercise ◽  
Reaction Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Visual Reaction ◽  
Time Test ◽  
Reaction Time Test

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of an acute local vibration exercise on the visual reaction time of a fencer’s upper body extremities. Twenty-six male fencers between the ages of 15 and 23 (mean age, 17.38 ± 2.13 years, height: 173.6±9.1 cm, body mass: 70.2 ±14.1 kg) volunteered for this study. The reaction time test was applied before and after the vibration exercise (applied for 30 seconds in 27 Hz with a 2-mm amplitude). After 25 min. standard warming up, fencers were informed about the test, and three repeated reaction tests were performed to provide familiarization. The fencers started the reaction test in the standard fencing guard position. According to five signals coming at two to five second intervals from the target monitor, the fencers made touché by bending (attacking). The reaction time test had five trials. The average reaction time values pre-vibration, and post-vibration were compared. The visual reaction time measured pre-vibration were significantly longer than those measured post-vibration (p<0.001). Acute local vibration exercise applied to fencers shortened the visual reaction time. Given the fact that vibration can improve RT, the use of vibration in training has the potential to provide an advantage to fencers.

scholarly journals Acetaminophen effect on reaction speed and lower limbs power

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (15) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Cristian-Cosmin Strava ◽  
Alexandra Mihaela Rusu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Explosive Power ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Visual Reaction ◽  
Baseline Evaluation ◽  
Reaction Speed

Abstract Background: Acetaminophen (also known as Tylenol or Paracetamol) is a very popular drug, that requires no prescription and is usually used as analgesic and antipyretic. A considerable number of previous studies show that acetaminophen has no effects that could alter exercise capacity or performance. On the other hand, there are studies sustaining that exercise performance can be improved with acetaminophen through a reduction in perceived pain, and also a reduction of the body heat produced by the muscle contraction. Purpose: The aim of our study was to check if acetaminophen influences reaction speed and power of the lower limbs muscles. Participants and method: For this study we recruited twenty-nine males, aged between 19 and 28 years old. We had two testing sessions for each participant, in the same day (the baseline evaluation, and the second evaluation at half an hour after acetaminophen ingestion). The evaluation sequence was: Body composition evaluation, acoustic-visual reaction test for one leg (left and right), Squad jump on one leg (5 jumps on each foot) and Stiffness test (7 jumps on each foot). Results: Acetaminophen has no significant influence on visual and acoustic reaction time of left or right leg. The Squat Jump test revealeda significant increase of explosive power on left leg (from 10.19±1.66 to 10.61±1.66 W/Kg, p=0.03) and right leg (10.16±1.59 W/Kg to 10.62±1.84 W/Kg, p=0.02). Another significant result of our study is the increase of reactive power (obtained during the Stiffness test) after the acetaminophen ingestion (from 16.35±4.86 to 17.53±3.79 W/Kg on left leg and from 15.92±4.2 to 17.04±4.26 W/Kg on right leg). Conclusions: Acetaminophen ingestion does not influence visual or acoustic reaction time but can improve the exercise performance through an increase in both explosive and reactive power of lower limbs.

A New Method to Study Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and EEG as a Function of Reaction Time

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (01) ◽  
pp. 64-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Värri ◽  
L. Grote ◽  
T. Penzel ◽  
W. Cassel ◽  
J. H. Peter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Simultaneous Recording ◽  
New Method ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Visual Reaction ◽  
Time Test ◽  
Beta Frequency

Abstract:A new method is presented to study the relationship between reaction time and blood pressure, heart rate and EEG. The method consists of a simultaneous recording of continuous invasive or non-invasive arterial blood pressure, ECG, EEG, EMG and EOG in a sound-isolated chamber while a monotonous visual reaction time test is running for about 90 minutes. The signals are A/D-converted and analyzed digitally after recording. One second average amplitudes are computed. Systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressure values are calculated, and the EEG is divided into the delta, theta, alpha, sigma and beta frequency bands. The signal amplitudes are averaged in three different reaction time categories, i. e., when the reaction is normal, delayed or missing. Preliminary tests suggest that interesting differences can be observed in the studied variables in different reaction time classes. This method can also be applied to the investigation of autonomic control and to treatment studies.

scholarly journals Speed, Change of Direction Speed and Reactive Agility in Adolescent Soccer Players: Age Related Differences

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5883
Author(s):  
Slobodan Andrašić ◽  
Marko Gušić ◽  
Mima Stanković ◽  
Draženka Mačak ◽  
Asim Bradić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Reactive Agility ◽  
Speed Change ◽  
Left And Right

There are a plethora of studies investigating agility in soccer; however, studies have rarely presented the reaction time in differentiating age groups in adolescent soccer players. We investigated age differences in reactive agility, speed, and change of direction speed (CODs), in a group of highly trained adolescent soccer players. A total of 75 adolescent male soccer players (aged 14–19 years) were recruited. The players were grouped based on their age to under 15 (U15; n = 27), under 17 (U17; n = 25), and under 19 (U19; n = 23) players. Players were tested for 5 m, 10 m, and 20 m sprint, CODs speed test, Illinois test, and reactive agility test (total and reaction time). Only the reactive agility test with a live tester (RAT live) and RAT live reaction time (RAT live RT) distinguished U19 from both groups, U17 (RAT live, p < 0.01; RAT RT live, p < 0.01) and U15 (RAT live, p < 0.01; RAT RT live, p < 0.01). Groups did not have different times for 5 m sprint, RAT light and RAT RT light, F = 0.472, 2.691, 1.023, respectively, p > 0.05. Moreover, a significantly slower average performance of sprint 20, CODs left and right, and Illinois was also observed in U15 as compared to U17 and U19 (p < 0.05). We can conclude that results in agility tests that include live testers can be a significant factor that differentiates between adolescent soccer players considering their age.

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