scholarly journals Rare Earth Magnet Recycling and Materialization for a Circular Economy—A Korean Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6739
Author(s):  
Mohammad Zarar Rasheed ◽  
Myung-suk Song ◽  
Sang-min Park ◽  
Sun-woo Nam ◽  
Javid Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Rare Earth Magnet ◽  
The Republic

The Republic of Korea is one of the largest consumers and a leading exporter of electronics, medical appliances, and heavy and light vehicles. Rare-earth (RE)-based magnets are indispensable for these technologies, and Korea is totally dependent on imports of compounds or composites of REEs, as the country lacks natural resources. Effect on rare earth supply chain significantly affects Korea’s transition towards a green economy. This study investigates the Republic of Korea’s approach to developing a secure rare earth supply chain for REE magnets via a recycling and materialization process known as ReMaT. It investigates the progress Korea has made so far regarding ReMaT from both technical and non-technical perspectives. Rare earth elements are successfully recycled as part of this process while experiments at the industrial scale is carried out. In this paper, the research results in terms of the extraction efficiency of rare earth elements are discussed and a comparison with previous relevant studies is provided. This study also highlights the opportunities and challenges regarding the implementation of the ReMaT process in order to create a downstream rare earth value chain based on circular economy principles.

The circular ecological economy - a beneficial environment in light of the use of natural resources in the Republic of Moldova

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olesea Cojocaru ◽  
Zorina Siscan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The Republic

<p>The welfare of the Republic of Moldova much depends on the use of its natural resources. However, the pace at which the natural resources are exploited exceeds the ability of the environment to regenerate them. Land resources are the main natural wealth of the country. The conservation and increase of effective fertility of the soils becomes the basic task of the owners of agricultural lands. The methods of the conventional agriculture do not work anymore to make the sector competitive at regional and global markets. New concepts and technologies of Green and Circular economy are of more perspective. They also are more effective under the continuous unbalanced extraction of natural resources which causes environmental damage.</p><p>The case of Moldova reflects the global trends. Some international studies have shown that the global consumption of materials per capita has doubled, while the consumption of primary energy has tripled in the last hundred years. In other words, each of us consumes three times as much energy and twice as much material as our predecessors consumed in 1900. Moreover, nowadays there are 7.2 billion consumers compared to 1.6 billion in 1900.</p><p>At the same time, the requirements for quality standards in Green economy are very high and rigid as well as  “the annual financing demand to green the global economy has been estimated to be in range 1.05 USD to 2.59 USD trillion” (UNEP, 2011). That is why the Circular ecological economy is seen as more viable solution for world, regional and national economies. ”Ecological economy” generally refers to an economy in which all the choices regarding production and consumption are made taking into account the welfare of the society and the global health of the environment. ”Circular economy” implies a system of production and consumption that generates as little loss as possible.</p><p>The EU Circular economy Package and CE Stakeholder Platform are a good start for regional economy as well as that of Republic of Moldova as its Associate Member. The beneficial solution for improving the environment of the country consists in redesigning products, production and consumption processes by minimizing waste and transforming that unused part into a resource.</p>

scholarly journals CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND ‘CIRCULAR ECONOMY PROFESSIONAL’: CONCEPTS IN UKRAINIAN AND POLISH SCIENTIFIC FIELD

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-67
Author(s):  
Alexey S Sysoev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Training Professionals ◽  
Environmental Instability ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Circular Economics ◽  
Definition Of

The article analyses the approaches to the definition of ‘circular economy’ and ‘professional in circular economy’ in the Ukrainian and Polish scientific space. It is shown that in Ukraine today there is a linear economic model, according to which enterprises extract natural resources and sell what they produce to consumers who throw away products, if it no longer serves its purpose. As a result of this model, our natural resources are reduced and the amount of waste we generate increases, which leads to environmental instability and environmental degradation. The concept of ‘professional in circular economics’ in the Ukrainian educational and economic field is absent, in contrast to European countries, in particular the Republic of Poland, where the circular economy is considered as a strategy of economic development and much attention is paid to training professionals in circular economics and to improving qualification of those, who are already working. The purpose of the work is to highlight the approaches to understanding the circular economy and the content of the activities of professionals in a circular economy in the Ukrainian and Polish scientific field. Circular economy is characterized as a general name of economic activity aimed at energy saving, regenerative environmentally friendly production and consumption. The role of the circular economy as the most successful way of saving resources and materials, and thus the way to constant economic growth, in contrast to the traditional model of economic development. It is emphasized that the transition to a circular economy will create new jobs in many sectors of the economy. Ukrainian experts, in particular economists, emphasize the importance of the transition to a circular economy (instead of a linear one). Key words: linear economy; professionals’ training in circular economy; circular economy; professional in circular economy.

Collaborative Web for Natural Resources Industries

2012 ◽  
pp. 601-614
Author(s):  
Nikhil Chaturvedi
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Equipment Maintenance ◽  
Materials Management ◽  
The Core ◽  
Sales And Marketing ◽  
Core Value

The roles of these external entities span across various functions of the core value chain. This chapter focuses on collaboration in the core functions like geo-sciences, engineering, production operations, supply chain, transportation & logistics, equipment maintenance, materials management, sales and marketing, and environment health and safety (EH&S) etc.

scholarly journals Perspectives on “Game Changer” Global Challenges for Sustainable 21st Century: Plant-Based Diet, Unavoidable Food Waste Biorefining, and Circular Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhuma Sadhukhan ◽  
Tom I. J. Dugmore ◽  
Avtar Matharu ◽  
Elias Martinez-Hernandez ◽  
Jorge Aburto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
Sustainable Diet ◽  
Food Value ◽  
Game Changer

Planet Earth is under severe stress from several inter-linked factors mainly associated with rising global population, linear resource consumption, security of resources, unsurmountable waste generation, and social inequality, which unabated will lead to an unsustainable 21st Century. The traditional way products are designed promotes a linear economy that discards recoverable resources and creates negative environmental and social impacts. Here, we suggest multi-disciplinary approaches encompassing chemistry, process engineering and sustainability science, and sustainable solutions in “game changer” challenges in three intersecting arenas of food: Sustainable diet, valorisation of unavoidable food supply chain wastes, and circularity of food value chain systems aligning with the United Nations’ seventeen Sustainable Development Goals. In the arena of sustainable diet, comprehensive life cycle assessment using the global life cycle inventory datasets and recommended daily servings is conducted to rank food choices, covering all food groups from fresh fruits/vegetables, lentils/pulses and grains to livestock, with regard to health and the environment, to emphasise the essence of plant-based diet, especially plant-based sources of protein, for holistic systemic sustainability and stability of the earth system. In the arena of unavoidable food supply chain wastes, economically feasible and synergistically (energy and material) integrated innovative biorefinery systems are suggested to transform unavoidable food waste into functional and platform chemical productions alongside energy vectors: Fuel or combined heat and power generation. In the arena of circularity of food value chain systems, novel materials and methods for plant-based protein functionalisation for food/nutraceutical applications are investigated using regenerative bio-surfactants from unavoidable food waste. This circular economy or industrial symbiosis example thus combines the other two arenas, i.e., plant-based protein sourcing and unavoidable food waste valorisation. The multi-disciplinary analysis here will eventually impact on policies for dietary change, but also contribute knowledge needed by industry and policy makers and raise awareness amongst the population at large for making a better approach to the circular economy of food.

scholarly journals Rare Earth Elements Biorecovery from Mineral Ores and Industrial Wastes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Castro ◽  
M. Luisa Blázquez ◽  
Felisa González ◽  
Jesús A. Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing

Rare earth elements (REEs) are critical raw materials and are attracting interest because of their applications in novel technologies and green economy. Biohydrometallurgy has been used to extract other base metals; however, bioleaching studies of REE mineral extraction from mineral ores and wastes are yet in their infancy. Mineral ores have been treated with a variety of microorganisms. Phosphate-solubilizing microorganims are particularly relevant in the bioleaching of monazite because transform insoluble phosphate into more soluble form which directly and/or indirectly contributes to their metabolism. The increase of wastes containing REEs turns them into an important alternative source. The application of bioleaching techniques to the treatment of solid wastes might contribute to the conversion towards a more sustainable and environmental friendly economy minimizing the amount of tailings or residues that exert a harmful impact on the environment.

US engagement in Greenland will intensify

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Strategic Location ◽  
Economic Engagement

Significance Attention is returning to Greenland’s natural resources -- especially rare-earth elements (REEs) -- and its strategic location, something China and Russia also recognise. Washington in April gave a USD12.1mn aid package to Greenland, supporting economic development through mining, education and tourism. Impacts China will continue investing in Greenland’s REE reserves, straining US-China relations. Nuuk will use US investment as leverage for greater Danish political and economic engagement. Foreign investment and diplomatic engagement will embolden Greenland as a distinct political entity. Climate change will increase Greenland’s viability as tourist destination.

Application of Complex Concentrate of Rare-Earth Elements for Obtaining Electrometallic Coatings

2020 ◽  
Vol 992 ◽  
pp. 621-626
Author(s):  
N.F. Struchkov ◽  
G.G. Vinokurov ◽  
A.K. Kychkin
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Cored Wire ◽  
Modifying Additives ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Structure Of Coatings ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Cored Wires

The unique physical and chemical characteristics of rare earth elements make them attractive for use in a number of existing and innovative production lines. The use of complex concentrates of various deposits to obtain new materials is a promising area of modern materials science. The article presents the results of studies of electroarc metallization coatings of flux-cored wires with modifying additives. As additives, a complex concentrate of rare-earth metals from the deposits of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and other modifying powders were used to obtain hardening phases. To determine the optimal composition of the modifying additives, various compositions of cored wires were made. An analysis of the structure of coatings showed a uniform distribution of the main elements of the cored wire, as well as a local distribution of unmelted particles of the modifying additives. The levels of open porosity and microhardness of the phase components of the coatings are determined. The prospects of using complex concentrate with rare-earth elements from deposits of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) as modifying additives for coatings with enhanced performance properties is shown.

Collaborative Web for Natural Resources Industries

2011 ◽  
pp. 90-101
Author(s):  
Nikhil Chaturvedi
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Equipment Maintenance ◽  
Materials Management ◽  
The Core ◽  
Sales And Marketing ◽  
Core Value

The roles of these external entities span across various functions of the core value chain. This chapter focuses on collaboration in the core functions like geo-sciences, engineering, production operations, supply chain, transportation & logistics, equipment maintenance, materials management, sales and marketing, and environment health and safety (EH&S) etc.

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