scholarly journals Optical Conveyor Belts for Chiral Discrimination: Influence of De-Phasing Parameter

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1304
Author(s):  
Luis Carretero ◽  
Pablo Acebal ◽  
Salvador Blaya
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Gaussian Beam ◽  
Enantiomeric Separation ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Separation Distance ◽  
Chiral Discrimination ◽  
Optimum Range ◽  
Conveyor Belts ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
Maximum Separation

A numerical analysis is carried out of the influence of the de-phasing parameter of anoptical conveyor belt in the enantiomeric separation. The optical conveyor belt is obtained by theinterference of a Laguerre Gaussian and a Gaussian beam with different beam waists, which aretemporally de-phased. In order to obtain the maximum separation distance between enantiomers,we calculate the optimum range of values of the de-phasing parameter.

Chiral separation and analysis of antifungal drugs by chromatographic and electromigration techniques: Results achieved in 2010–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-252
Author(s):  
Giovanni D’Orazio ◽  
Chiara Fanali ◽  
Chiara Dal Bosco ◽  
Alessandra Gentili ◽  
Salvatore Fanali
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Stationary Phases ◽  
Enantiomeric Separation ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Chiral Discrimination ◽  
Food Science ◽  
Industry Environment ◽  
Metabolic Activities

Abstract The determination and separation of enantiomers is an interesting and important topic of research in various fields, e.g., biochemistry, food science, pharmaceutical industry, environment, etc. Although these compounds possess identical physicochemical properties, a pair of enantiomers often has different pharmacological, toxicological, and metabolic activities. For this reason, chiral discrimination by using chromatographic and electromigration techniques has become an urgent need in the pharmaceutical field. This review intends to offer the “state of the art” about the separation of chiral antifungal drugs and several related precursors by both liquid and gas chromatography, as well as electromigration methods. This overview is organized into two sections. The first one describes general considerations on chiral antifungal drugs. The second part deals with the main analytical methods for the enantiomeric discrimination of these drugs, including a brief description of chiral selectors and stationary phases. Moreover, many recent applications attesting the great interest of analytical chemists in the field of enantiomeric separation are presented.

scholarly journals Effect of anthropogenic aerosol emissions on precipitation in warm conveyor belts in the western North Pacific in winter – a model study with ECHAM6-HAM

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Joos ◽  
Erica Madonna ◽  
Kasja Witlox ◽  
Sylvaine Ferrachat ◽  
Heini Wernli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosol ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Conveyor Belts ◽  
Winter Time ◽  
Warm Conveyor Belts ◽  
Aerosol Emissions

Abstract. While there is a clear impact of aerosol particles on the radiation balance, whether and how aerosol particles influence precipitation is controversial. Here we use the ECHAM6-HAM global cli- mate model coupled to an aerosol module to analyse whether an impact of anthropogenic aerosol particles on the timing and the amount of precipitation from warm conveyor belts in low pressure systems in the winter time North Pacific can be detected. We conclude that while polluted warm con- veyor belt trajectories start with 5–10 times higher black carbon concentrations, the overall amount of precipitation is comparable in pre-industrial and present-day conditions. Precipitation formation is however supressed in the most polluted warm conveyor belt trajectories.

scholarly journals Performance of Cans Classification System for Different Conveyor Belt Speed using Naïve Bayes

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Yulia Resti ◽  
Firmansyah Burlian ◽  
Irsyadi Yani
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Naive Bayes ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Original Model ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Accuracy Level ◽  
Conveyor Belts ◽  
Sorting Process ◽  
Input Variables

The classification system in the sorting process in the can recycling industry can be made based on digital images by exploring the basic color pixel values ​​of images such as R, G, and B as variable inputs. In real time, the classification of cans in the sorting process occurs when cans placed on a conveyor belt move at a certain speed. This paper discusses the performance of can classification systems using the Naïve Bayes method. This method can handle all types of variables, including when all variables are continuous. Two types of conveyor belts are designed to get different speeds, and all images of the cans are captured on both conveyor belts. Two models of Bayes naive are built on the basis of the different distribution assumptions; the original model (all Gaussian distributed) and the model based on the best distribution. Performance of the classification system is built by dividing data into the learning data and the testing data with a composition of 50:50 in which each data is designed into 50 groups with different percentages on each type of cans using sampling technique without replacement. The results obtained are, first, the speed of the conveyor belt when capturing an image affects the pixel values of red, green, and blue and ultimately affects the results of the classification of cans. Second, not all input variables are Gaussian distributed. The classification system was built using assumption the best distribution model for each input variable has the better average accuracy level than the model that assumes all input variables are Gaussian distributed, and the accuracy level of classification on the first speeds of conveyor belt with a gear ratio of 12:30 and a diameter of 35 mm has an accuracy that is better than the other speed, both on the original model and the model based on the best distribution. However, it is necessary to test more statistical distribution models to obtain significant results.

scholarly journals Design of Device for Capturing Conveyor Belts and Calculation Method of Basic Parameters for Catchers

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-232
Author(s):  
A. V. Glebov ◽  
G. D. Karmaev
Keyword(s):  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Brake Shoe ◽  
Reverse Motion ◽  
Motion Time ◽  
Calculation Methodology ◽  
Patent Literature ◽  
Conveyor Belts ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
Belt Width

Results of the analysis of scientific, technical and patent literature show that while having a great variety of constructive implementation of the proposed catchers there are no efficient and sufficiently reliable devices for catching conveyor belts at its reverse motion which are relatively simple in design. This is proved by practical activity of enterprises involved in extraction and processing of commercial minerals and other industries. A new design of a conveyor belt catcher that meets most requirements for the given equipment has been developed at the Institute of Mining, Ural of Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and then it has been tested under industrial conditions. The design makes provision for retention of the conveyor belt at its reverse motion beyond free edges from transported material. Catching devices are installed on both sides of the belt. Braking action of the belt at the reverse motion occurs due to its friction interaction with a catcher friction shoe located above the belt, and an eccentric mounted on the frame under the belt. A friction shoe is made with a concave curved surface facing the belt. The paper presents a calculation methodology of main parameters for the proposed design of catcher conveyor belts that permits to determine a force catching a conveyor belt down and for every braking period distance which has been passed by the belt, value of its compression, value of braking force, braking time and acceleration of belt motion, time and length of the distance passed by the belt to its full stop, parameters of a catcher and supporting structures, and other parameters. The paper also provides results of calculations for main design parameters of catching devices with an inclined conveyor having a belt width of 1400 mm for two catcher design versions: with location of an eccentric under the belt, and a brake shoe over the belt (option I) and with location of the eccentric over the conveyor belt, and the brake friction shoe under the belt (option II).

Failure analysis of conveyor belt samples under tensile load

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1364-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Fedorko ◽  
Vieroslav Molnár ◽  
Peter Michalik ◽  
Miroslav Dovica ◽  
Tatiana Kelemenová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Tensile Load ◽  
Relaxation Effect ◽  
Tensile Loading ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Strength Limit ◽  
Conveyor Belts ◽  
Tomographic Analysis

This paper is dedicated to investigating the properties of smooth conveyor belts through a tensile loading test, with the aim of examining the behavior of the inner structure of the belt samples. When the belt is subjected to a long-term strain, the belt relaxation effect is observed and changes may occur to the inner structure of the belt. The tensile test at constant velocity determines the load strength limit of the strip samples. The experiment has also shown the phenomenon of relaxation of the samples after the load. Metro-tomographic analysis is used to observe the behavior of the internal structure of the belt sample after the load. The obtained results indicate the initial damage of the inner structure of the conveyor belt occurred at the value of 2157 N. Under this load, the maximum damage size was 4.8 mm. This confirms the suitability of the method for tracking changes in the internal structure.

scholarly journals Bio‐Conveyor Belts: Bidirectional Transport of Nanoparticles and Cells with a Bio‐Conveyor Belt (Small 50/2019)

Small ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (50) ◽  
pp. 1970274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoshuai Liu ◽  
You Wu ◽  
Xiaohao Xu ◽  
Yuchao Li ◽  
Yao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Conveyor Belts ◽  
Bidirectional Transport

Hexazinone Gridballs™ applied with concurrent underplanting of white spruce in boreal mixedwoods: 7-year results

1986 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Separation Distance ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
M 10 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Boreal Mixedwoods ◽  
Maximum Separation

In mid-June 1978, hexazinone Gridball™ pellets were individually placed on the ground surface in two10-m × 10-m plots at each of two grid spacings in moderate-to-dense, woody weed growth in each of three boreal mixedwood stands in the Chapleau and Manitouwadge areas of Ontario. The rates of application were equivalent to 0.0, 1.4 and 4.2 kg a.i./ha. In these and a similar number of untreated plots, 16 white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) were planted centrally in each plot at the same grid spacings used for the Gridballs™ but offset so as to give maximum separation between outplants and herbicide. The main study was supplemented by another to determine safe separation distance. GridballsTM at close spacing very significantly (P 0.01) increased growth of white spruce: at one location, the mean stem volume of spruce 7 years after planting was 438% that of spruce in the no-herbicide treatment; at a second location the comparable value was 503%. The evidence suggests that white spruce may be established in the boreal mixedwoods by underplanting and, concurrently, applying Gridballs™ at 1-m × 1-m spacing.

Improving Efficiency and Enhancing Productivity in Transporting Fertilizers by Using Conveyor Belt Cleaners

2014 ◽  
Vol 1082 ◽  
pp. 505-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasnim F. Ariff ◽  
Muhd. Fahmi B. Jusoh ◽  
Malek Parnin ◽  
Mohd. Hanif Azenan
Keyword(s):  
Material Handling ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Material Handling System ◽  
Handling System ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Manual Labour ◽  
The Future ◽  
Conveyor Belts

Conveyor belts are used widely to carry and transport various materials ranging from fertilizers to foods items from the cargo ship to the packaging site. Spillage and carryback problems are common issues relating to transportaion of these types of materials at Malaysian ports. This leads to lots of wastage in fertilizers and food. In addition, extra manual labour work is required to shovel the spillage into the container. This raises the concern of hygiene especially when relating to food items. Furthermore, improper washing and drainage system has also lead to corrosion on the floor. This has resulted in a lot of inefficient work and lack in productivity in the material handling system. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, primary and secondary belt cleaners were designed using CATIA software. These newly improved simple and cost effective designs of the primary and secondary belt cleaners together with a spray shaft and efficient washing box were fabricated, tested and implemented successfully. The spillage was eliminated and with the new washing system, corrosion on the floor can be prevented from occuring in the future.

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