Efficient Driving Plan and Validation of Aircraft NLG Emergency Extension System via Mixture of Reliability Models and Test Bench

Zhengzheng Zhu; Yunwen Feng; Cheng Lu; Chengwei Fei

doi:10.3390/app9173578

Efficient Driving Plan and Validation of Aircraft NLG Emergency Extension System via Mixture of Reliability Models and Test Bench

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9173578 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (17) ◽

pp. 3578 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Zhengzheng Zhu ◽

Yunwen Feng ◽

Cheng Lu ◽

Chengwei Fei

Keyword(s):

Fault Tree Analysis ◽

Flight Speed ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Driving Mechanism ◽

Normal Extension ◽

Rotational Angle ◽

Reliability Models ◽

Extension System ◽

Reliability Sensitivity ◽

Aerodynamic Torque

The emergence extension system (a mechanical system) of nose landing gear (NLG) seriously influences the reliability, safety and airworthiness of civil aircrafts. To efficiently realize the NLG emergence extension, a promising driving plan of emergence extension is proposed in respect of the reliability sensitivity analyses with a mixture of models. The working principle, fault tree analysis and four reliability models are firstly discussed for NLG emergence extension. In respect of the mixture of models, the reliability sensitivity analyses of emergence extension are then performed under different flight speeds (270 Kts, 250 Kts, 220 Kts, and 180 Kts). We find dimpling torque and aerodynamic torques of forward and after doors are the top three failure factors and the start reliability is the most in emergence extension failures. Regarding the results, feasible driving plans of NLG emergence extension are developed by adjusting the aerodynamic torque of NLG forward door, and are validated by the aerodynamic torque experiment of forward door with regard to strut rotational angle under the flight speed 270 Kts. It is indicated that (1) the adverse torque generated by the new driving mechanism obviously reduces by about 24.8% from 1462.8 N·m to 1099.6 N·m, and the transmission ratio of aerodynamic torque (force) is greatly improved when the NLG strut is lowered near to 100°; (2) under different flight speeds (180 Kts, 220 Kts, 250 Kts, and 270 Kts), the new driving mechanism realizes the lower tasks of emergence extension which cannot be completed by the initial driving mechanism; and (3) the lowering time of the new driving mechanism shortens with the increasing flight speed. The proposed new driving mechanism is verified to be reliable for emergence extension of aircraft NLG besides normal extension and to be a promising feasible driving plan with high lowering reliability. The efforts of the paper provide an efficient driving mechanism for the design of NLG in civil and military aircrafts.

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Reliability Sensitivity Analyses for Oil Whip in Rotor-Bearing System

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.1967 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 538-541 ◽

pp. 1967-1970

Author(s):

Chang Qing Su ◽

Yi Yu Sun ◽

Le Xin Li

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Random Parameters ◽

Work Condition ◽

Oil Whip ◽

Reliability Sensitivity ◽

Rotor Bearing ◽

The Common ◽

Bearing System

Oil whip phenomenon is the common fault in rotor-bearing system. The reason why oil whip happens often has been researched in high-speed rotor-bearing system. But in practice engineering, due to the requirement of work condition, oil whip cannot be avoided all the time in rotor-bearing system. The paper is based on the relation criterion of oil whip happens in rotor-bearing system, the reliability mode and system reliability of oil whip are defined, and the reliability analysis method for avoiding oil whip in rotor-bearing system is carried out. The effect on reliability sensitivity of random parameters is studied. Numerical results are also presented and discussed.

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Adaptive subdomain sampling and its adaptive Kriging–based method for reliability and reliability sensitivity analyses

Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization ◽

10.1007/s00158-019-02412-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 1107-1121

Author(s):

Wanying Yun ◽

Zhenzhou Lu ◽

Pengfei He ◽

Ying Dai ◽

Kaixuan Feng

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Reliability Sensitivity ◽

Adaptive Kriging

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Stroke Prevention in Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation

Hämostaseologie ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1659985 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 17 (03) ◽

pp. 166-169

Author(s):

Judith O’Brien ◽

Wendy Klittich ◽

J. Jaime Caro

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Care Home ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Clinical Trial Data ◽

Outcome Data ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Bleeding Events ◽

Discharge Data ◽

The Cost

SummaryDespite evidence from 6 major clinical trials that warfarin effectively prevents strokes in atrial fibrillation, clinicians and health care managers may remain reluctant to support anticoagulant prophylaxis because of its perceived costs. Yet, doing nothing also has a price. To assess this, we carried out a pharmacoe-conomic analysis of warfarin use in atrial fibrillation. The course of the disease, including the occurrence of cerebral and systemic emboli, intracranial and other major bleeding events, was modeled and a meta-analysis of the clinical trials and other relevant literature was carried out to estimate the required probabilities with and without warfarin use. The cost of managing each event, including acute and subsequent care, home care equipment and MD costs, was derived by estimating the cost per resource unit, the proportion consuming each resource and the volume of use. Unit costs and volumes of use were determined from established US government databases, all charges were adjusted using cost-to-charge ratios, and a 3% discount rate was applied to costs incurred beyond the first year. The proportions of patients consuming each resource were estimated by fitting a joint distribution to the clinical trial data, stroke outcome data from a recent Swedish study and aggregate ICD-9 specific, Massachusetts discharge data. If nothing is done, 3.2% more patients will suffer serious emboli annually and the expected annual cost of managing a patient will increase by DM 2,544 (1996 German Marks), from DM 4,366 to DM 6,910. Extensive multiway sensitivity analyses revealed that the higher price of doing nothing persists except for very extreme combinations of inputs unsupported by literature or clinical standards. The price of doing nothing is thus so high, both in health and economic terms, that cost-consciousness as well as clinical considerations mandate warfarin prophylaxis in atrial fibrillation.

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Uncertainty propagation and parameter sensitivity analyses of relative permittivity models for use in soils

10.32469/10355/44718 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Tyler J. McKee

Keyword(s):

Relative Permittivity ◽

Uncertainty Propagation ◽

Parameter Sensitivity ◽

Sensitivity Analyses

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Reconstruction of maximum temperature on Zhegu Mountain, western Sichuan Plateau (China)

Climate Research ◽

10.3354/cr01606 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 81 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

M Keyimu ◽

Z Li ◽

Y Zhao ◽

Y Dong ◽

B Fu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Growth ◽

Ring Width ◽

Volcanic Eruptions ◽

Southwestern China ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Driving Mechanism ◽

Western Sichuan ◽

Relationship Analysis ◽

Decadal Scale ◽

Thermal Variability

Historical temperature reconstructions at high altitudes are still insufficient in southwestern China, which is considered one of the most sensitive areas to climate change in the world. Here we developed a tree ring-width chronology of Faxon fir Abies fargesii var. faxoniana at the upper timber line on Zhegu Mountain, Miyaluo Scenic Area, western Sichuan, China. The climate-tree growth relationship analysis indicated temperature as the dominant regulator on radial tree growth in this region. The reconstruction of aggregated maximum temperature (TMX) of autumn and winter for the period 1856-2016 was achieved with a linear regression model that accounted for 43.6% of the actual variability in the common time series (1954-2016). The reconstruction identified 4 warm periods and 3 cold periods. Similarities of warm and cold periods with previously published reconstructions from nearby sites indicated the reliability of our reconstruction. The significant positive correlation between TMX reconstruction and the Asian-Pacific Oscillation index and the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation index suggested a linkage between large-scale climate circulations and the thermal variability at a multi-decadal scale on the western Sichuan Plateau. We also found that solar activity exerted a strong influence on decadal temperature variability in this region. The cold periods were matched well with historical large volcanic eruptions. Our results strengthen the historical climatic information in southwestern China and contribute to further understanding the regional thermal variability as well as its driving mechanism.

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