scholarly journals PM1 in Ambient and Indoor Air—Urban and Rural Areas in the Upper Silesian Region, Poland

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Mainka ◽  
Elwira Zajusz-Zubek
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Coal Power Plants ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

(1) Background: The work presents results of concentration measurements of PM1, collected in the indoor air of four preschool buildings in Gliwice and its environs (Silesia Province) and in ambient air in the vicinity of four working hard coal power plants and four coking plants located in southern Poland. (2) Methods: The samples of <1 µm, 1–2.5 µm, 2.5–10 µm, and >10 µm fractions were collected with the use of Dekati® PM10 cascade impactor, and concentrations of seven trace elements (Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Se) were determined. (3) Results: The concentrations of PM1 changed in the range of 3.1 μg/m3–65.3 μg/m3. Among trace elements, the highest concentrations in indoor air were evidenced for Cr (129–219 ng/m3), while in outdoor air for Pb (12.6–21.2 ng/m3). Principal Component Analysis PCA analysis extracted three factors of rural dusts, city dusts, and natural soils. (4) Conclusions: The paper points to accumulation of carcinogenic Cd, Cr, and Ni in indoor air, and significant contribution of trace elements in PM1, which, owing to long-lasting exposure and elevated sensitivity of developing organisms, may evoke effects on health of children.

scholarly journals Selected air pollutants in urban and rural areas, under the influence of power plants

2018 ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Cichowicz ◽  
Artur Stelegowski
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Impact

The operation of large power plants, including power stations, and combined heat and power stations, causes the emission of significant amounts of gaseous pollutants into the environment. As a result, in the urban and agricultural areas occurs a pollution of undesirable gaseous substances, such as nitrogen and sulfur oxides. This is especially dangerous for living organisms, soil and water, because, in combination with water vapor, these pollutants are the cause of acid rain. In addition, nitrogen oxides participate in the formation of ground-level ozone, which affects both human health and the condition of existing vegetation. Therefore, the distribution of air pollutants (NO2, SO2 and O3) in the selected urban and rural areas, under the influence of power plants, located in the Lodz Voivodeship, in Poland, in Central-Eastern Europe, was analyzed for a 10-year period (2007–2016). As a result, it was possible to evaluate the impact of the entry into force of Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 “on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe” on the changes in emissions and concentrations of pollutants in selected locations. As a result of the analysis, a significant decrease in the concentration of SO2 (by 75% in the urban area and by 59% in the rural area), and small changes (from - 8% to + 12%) in NO2 and O3 concentrations in ambient air were found. This indicates the effectiveness of actions aimed at reducing SO2 emissions, however the influence of the power plants on the concentration of air pollutants in these areas is not clear. At the same time, considering the criterion of permissible concentration of ozone and nitrogen dioxide, although the air quality did not improve, the air quality index can be considered as being in the category of "good".

scholarly journals Spatial–temporal variations, sources, and transport of airborne inhalable metals (PM<sub>10</sub>) in urban and rural areas of northern China

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 13133-13165 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. S. Luo ◽  
C. C. M. Ip ◽  
W. Li ◽  
S. Tao ◽  
X. D. Li
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract. Atmospheric particle pollution is a serious environmental issue in China, especially the northern regions. Ambient air loadings (ng m−3), pollution sources and apportionment, and transport pathways of trace (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn) and major (Al, Ca, Fe, and Mg) metals associated with inhalable particulate matters (PM10 aerosols) were characterized in urban, rural village, and rural field areas of seven cities (from inland in the west to the coast in the east: Wuwei, Yinchuan, Taiyuan, Beijing, Dezhou, Yantai, and Dalian) across northern China by taking one 72 h sample each site within a month for a whole year (April 2010 to March 2011). Ambient PM10 pollution in northern China is especially significant in the cold season (October–March) due to the combustion of coal for heating and dust storms in the winter and spring. Owing to variations in emission intensity and meteorological conditions, there is a trend of decrease in PM10 levels in cities from west to east. Both air PM10 and the associated metal loadings for urban and rural areas were comparable, showing that the current pattern of regional pollution in China differs from the decreasing urban–rural-background transect that is usual in other parts of the world. The average metal levels are Zn (276 ng m−3) ≫ Pb (93.7) ≫ Cu (54.9) ≫ Ni (9.37) > V (8.34) ≫ Cd (2.84) > Co (1.76). Judging from concentrations (mg kg−1), enrichment factors (EFs), a multivariate statistical analysis (principal component analysis, PCA), and a receptor model (absolute principal component scores-multiple linear regression analysis, APCS-MLR), the airborne trace metals (Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cd) in northern China were mainly anthropogenic, and mostly attributable to coal combustion and vehicle emissions with additional industrial sources. However, the Co was mostly of crustal origin, and the V and Ni were mainly from soil/dust in the western region and mostly from the petrochemical industry/oil combustion in the east. The accumulation of typical "urban metals" (Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cu) showed a trend of increase from west to east, indicating their higher anthropogenic contribution in eastern cities. The winter northwestern monsoon and westerly jet stream were the dominant forces in the long-range transport of airborne PM metals in northern China, with potentially global implications.

Human Exposure to Respirable Manganese in Outdoor and Indoor Air in Urban and Rural Areas

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 459-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Bolté ◽  
Louise Normandin ◽  
Greg Kennedy ◽  
Joseph Zayed
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Indoor air pollution and childhood asthma: variations between urban and rural areas

Indoor Air ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 502-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hulin ◽  
D. Caillaud ◽  
I. Annesi-Maesano
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

scholarly journals Indoor air pollution and health of children in biomass fuel-using households of Bangladesh: comparison between urban and rural areas

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Khalequzzaman ◽  
Michihiro Kamijima ◽  
Kiyoshi Sakai ◽  
Takeshi Ebara ◽  
Bilqis Amin Hoque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Biomass Fuel ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Renewable Energy Techniques – A Sustainable Model for Architects Regarding Physical Environment and Economic Empowerment of the Sub Urban and Rural Areas in Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 244-247
Author(s):  
Ruba Rummana ◽  
Ar.Silvia Alam ◽  
Ar. Nusrat Wahid ◽  
Md. Saifuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Long Time ◽  
High Investment ◽  
The Government ◽  
Architectural Planning ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

This paper mainly concentrates on the energy crisis for a long time in Bangladesh. The government is trying its best to overcome this problem. Due to high investment requirement for conventional power plants, responses from the private sector for power generation are very poor. One alternative solution may be the expanded use of renewable energy. At present solar cells are in use for power generation. But due to high initial investment required for solar panel installation, this form of renewable energy has not been practiced much. The aim behind the study is to integrate the architectural planning regarding physical environment and power crisis problem which may lead to an ultimate improvement of socio economic scenario of the country. In doing so the paper proposes a hypothetical model using biogas as a source of renewable energy by using the rural waste-leading to cash from trash.

scholarly journals Assessment of atmospheric trace element concentrations by lichen-bag near an oil/gas pre-treatment plant in the Agri Valley (southern Italy)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 6531-6553
Author(s):  
R. Caggiano ◽  
S. Trippetta ◽  
S. Sabia
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Plant Emissions ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Almost All

Abstract. The atmospheric concentrations of 17 trace elements (Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Ti and Zn) were measured by means of the "lichen-bag" technique in the Agri Valley (southern Italy). The lichen samples were collected from an unpolluted site located in Rifreddo forest (southern Italy). The bags were exposed to ambient air for 6 and 12 months. The exposed-to-control (EC) ratio values highlighted that the used lichen species were suitable for biomonitoring investigations. The results showed that the concentrations of almost all the examined trace elements increased with respect to the control after 6–12 month exposures. Furthermore, Ca, Al, Fe, K, Mg and S were the most abundant trace elements both in the 6 and 12 month-exposed samples. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) results highlighted that the major sources of the measured atmospheric trace elements were related both to anthropogenic contributions due to traffic, combustion processes, agricultural practices, construction and quarrying activities, and to natural contributions mainly represented by the re-suspension of local soil and road dusts. In addition, the contribution both of secondary atmospheric reactions involving Centro Olio Val d'Agri (COVA) plant emissions and the African dust long-range transport were also identified.

scholarly journals Scenarios for Coal-Exit in Germany—A Model-Based Analysis and Implications in the European Context

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kittel ◽  
Leonard Goeke ◽  
Claudia Kemfert ◽  
Pao-Yu Oei ◽  
Christian von Hirschhausen
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Electricity Trade ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Coal Power Plants ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Coal Power

The political discussion to reduce the carbon footprint of Germany’s electricity sector, focusing on coal, is intensifying. In this paper, we develop scenarios for phasing out lignite and hard coal power plants in Germany prior to the end of their technical lifespan (“coal-exit”). Our analysis bases upon two coal-exit instruments, the retirement of coal generation capacities and the limiting of how much aged coal power plants with high carbon intensity can be used within a year. Results show that phasing out coal in Germany would have a considerable impact on Central European electricity markets, in terms of decarbonization efforts and electricity trade. An ambitious coal-exit could avert foreseeable shortcomings in Germany’s climate performance in the short-run and release additional carbon savings, thus compensating for potential shortfalls in other energy-intensive sectors by 2030. Limited emissions in the range of 27% would be shifted to neighboring countries. However, tremendous positive climate effects on European scale would result, because Germany’s annual emission savings in 2030 would be substantial. Totaling 85 million tons of CO2, the overall net reduction is equivalent to 17.5% of total European emissions in 2030 without retirements of coal-firing power plants prior to the end of their technical lifespan.

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