scholarly journals Recent Developments in Enzymatic Antioxidant Defence Mechanism in Plants with Special Reference to Abiotic Stress

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishnu D. Rajput ◽  
Harish ◽  
Rupesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Krishan K. Verma ◽  
Lav Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Defence System ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System ◽  
Plant Enzymes ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Glutathione S Transferases

The stationary life of plants has led to the evolution of a complex gridded antioxidant defence system constituting numerous enzymatic components, playing a crucial role in overcoming various stress conditions. Mainly, these plant enzymes are superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferases (GST), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), which work as part of the antioxidant defence system. These enzymes together form a complex set of mechanisms to minimise, buffer, and scavenge the reactive oxygen species (ROS) efficiently. The present review is aimed at articulating the current understanding of each of these enzymatic components, with special attention on the role of each enzyme in response to the various environmental, especially abiotic stresses, their molecular characterisation, and reaction mechanisms. The role of the enzymatic defence system for plant health and development, their significance, and cross-talk mechanisms are discussed in detail. Additionally, the application of antioxidant enzymes in developing stress-tolerant transgenic plants are also discussed.

Exogenous spermidine improves drought tolerance in maize by enhancing the antioxidant defence system and regulating endogenous polyamine metabolism

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijie Li ◽  
Wanrong Gu ◽  
Congfeng Li ◽  
Wenhua Li ◽  
Caifeng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Arginine Decarboxylase ◽  
Polyamine Metabolism ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Defence System ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System ◽  
Exogenous Spermidine

Drought stress is a primary abiotic constraint affecting crop production worldwide. In this study, the role of exogenous spermidine (Spd) in conferring drought-stress-tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings was studied by analysing polyamine metabolism and the antioxidant defence system. Two maize cultivars, Xianyu 335 (drought resistant) and Fenghe 1 (drought susceptible), were subjected to drought stress (–0.8 MPa) induced by 15% polyethylene glycol 6000 with or without Spd (0.1 mm) application. Spd significantly reduced the inhibition of plant growth and decreased malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents and the generation rate of oxidised glutathione caused by drought stress, particularly in Fenghe 1. The activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase further increased with the application of Spd to the stressed plants. Application of Spd significantly moderated the drought-induced reduction in activities of monodehydroascorbate reductase and dehydroascorbate and the ratio ascorbate : dehydroascorbate and reduced the ratio glutathione : oxidised glutathione. With the application of Spd, the contents of Spd and spermine and the activities of arginine decarboxylase, S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase and diamine oxidase increased significantly in the stressed plants, and the increases were greater in Xianyu 335 than in Fenghe 1. Thus, exogenous Spd successfully reduced oxidative damage by enhancing the antioxidant components, raising the redox state of ascorbate and glutathione, and altering the polyamine pool, which play important roles in improving physiological characteristics and drought stress in maize.

scholarly journals Role of Anthocleista vogelii in serum antioxidant defence system in cadmium-induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustine Apiamu ◽  
Samuel Ogheneovo Asagba ◽  
Nyerhovwo J. Tonukari
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Defence System ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System

Abstract Background Cadmium (Cd) toxicity, which runs across the food chain, is chiefly regulated by in vivo antioxidant defence system or through antioxidant supplementation of biological systems predisposed to this environmental stressor. The present study was designed to examine the role of Anthocleista vogelii leaves in Cd-induced oxidative stress in the serum of Wistar rats through the application of response surface methodology (RSM) and biomonitoring of selective responses: malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and peroxidase (POD) activities, respectively. The cold macerated plant leaves were subjected to fractionation process using methanol-hexane-chloroform (3:2:1 v/v) solvent system such that n-hexane fraction with ample antioxidant levels in terms of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) among others at p <  0.05 was selected for the study. The study employed central composite design (CCD) with twenty experimental “runs” of male Wistar rats for twenty-eight days, following a week of acclimatization, where n-hexane fraction of A. vogelii (NFAV), cadmium chloride (CdCl2) and body weights of rats were considered input factors in the study. Results The study generated five quadratic models, which differed significantly at p <  0.05 for MDA levels as well as CAT, SOD, GST and POD activities in the sera of Wistar rats. The study revealed that exposure to Cd toxicity caused a marked increase (p <  0.05) in serum MDA levels, but a significant inhibition (p <  0.05) of serum SOD, CAT, GST and POD activities. However, Cd interaction with NFAV showed marked amelioration of Cd-induced oxidative stress, which was confirmed by significant decrease in serum MDA levels, but significant increase in serum SOD, CAT, GST and POD activities at p <  0.05 via the response surface plots. The study also confirmed the reliability and adequacy of the models for accurate prediction of the responses since R-squared (R2) values obtained were greater than 90%. Conclusion It was inferred from the present study that the adequacy of the models validated the potency of A. vogelii leaves graphically in the amelioration of Cd-induced oxidative stress in the serum of Wistar rats. Hence, the plant was considered a rich source of bioactive compounds with significant antioxidant properties.

Role of Catalase in Retinal Antioxidant Defence System: Its Comparative Study among Rabbits, Guinea Pigs, and Rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 336-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiji Ohta ◽  
Takashi Yamasaki ◽  
Takafumi Niwa ◽  
Katsuhiko Niimi ◽  
Yoshinao Majima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Defence System ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System
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