scholarly journals Transcriptome Sequencing of the Striped Cucumber Beetle, Acalymma vittatum (F.), Reveals Numerous Sex-Specific Transcripts and Xenobiotic Detoxification Genes

BioTech ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Michael E. Sparks ◽  
David R. Nelson ◽  
Ariela I. Haber ◽  
Donald C. Weber ◽  
Robert L. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Population Control ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Biological Knowledge ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Acalymma Vittatum ◽  
P450 Monooxygenase ◽  
Xenobiotic Detoxification ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Cucumber Beetle ◽  
Striped Cucumber Beetle

Acalymma vittatum (F.), the striped cucumber beetle, is an important pest of cucurbit crops in the contintental United States, damaging plants through both direct feeding and vectoring of a bacterial wilt pathogen. Besides providing basic biological knowledge, biosequence data for A. vittatum would be useful towards the development of molecular biopesticides to complement existing population control methods. However, no such datasets currently exist. In this study, three biological replicates apiece of male and female adult insects were sequenced and assembled into a set of 630,139 transcripts (of which 232,899 exhibited hits to one or more sequences in NCBI NR). Quantitative analyses identified 2898 genes differentially expressed across the male–female divide, and qualitative analyses characterized the insect’s resistome, comprising the glutathione S-transferase, carboxylesterase, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase families of xenobiotic detoxification genes. In summary, these data provide useful insights into genes associated with sex differentiation and this beetle’s innate genetic capacity to develop resistance to synthetic pesticides; furthermore, these genes may serve as useful targets for potential use in molecular-based biocontrol technologies.

scholarly journals Curcurbita pepo subspecies delineates striped cucumber beetle (Acalymma vittatum) preference

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Brzozowski ◽  
B M Leckie ◽  
J Gardner ◽  
M P Hoffmann ◽  
M Mazourek
Keyword(s):  
Acalymma Vittatum ◽  
Cucumber Beetle ◽  
Striped Cucumber Beetle

scholarly journals Striped Cucumber Beetle Acalymma vittatum F. (Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

EDIS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Braden Evans ◽  
Justin Renkema
Keyword(s):  
Acalymma Vittatum ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Diabrotica Balteata ◽  
Diabrotica Undecimpunctata Howardi ◽  
Adult Feeding ◽  
The Family ◽  
Damage Monitoring ◽  
Cucumber Beetle ◽  
Cucumis Melo L ◽  
Striped Cucumber Beetle

The striped cucumber beetle, Acalymma vittatum F. (Figure 1) is a serious agricultural pest of plants in the family Cucurbitaceae in eastern North America. Crops affected by larval and adult feeding include cucumber, Cucumis sativus L., cantaloupe, Cucumis melo L., pumpkin, Cucurbita pepo L., and other Cucurbita spp. (Dill and Kirby 2016). The striped cucumber beetle is a vector of the plant disease bacterial wilt (Eaton 2016). Though the striped cucumber beetle occurs throughout Florida, it is the least commonly reported among three chrysomelid species on cucurbit crops in the state. The spotted cucumber beetle, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber, and banded cucumber beetle, Diabrotica balteata LeConte, are more common in Florida, causing damage symptoms that are similar to striped cucumber feeding damage (Webb 2010). Includes: Introduction - Distribution - Description and Life Cycle - Damage - Monitoring - Management - Selected References.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1215 Also published at http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/VEG/BEAN/striped_cucumber_beetle.html

scholarly journals Muskmelon Cultivar Attractiveness to Striped Cucumber Beetle and Susceptibility to Bacterial Wilt

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 782-787
Author(s):  
Ahmad Shah Mohammadi ◽  
Elizabeth T. Maynard ◽  
Ricky E. Foster ◽  
Daniel S. Egel ◽  
Kevin T. McNamara
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Acalymma Vittatum ◽  
Erwinia Tracheiphila ◽  
Cucumber Beetle ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Striped Cucumber Beetle ◽  
Field Plots

Bacterial wilt of cucurbits, incited by Erwinia tracheiphila (E. F. Smith) and vectored by the striped cucumber beetle [Acalymma vittatum (F.)] (SCB), is a serious disease of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.). Cultivars differ in attractiveness to SCB and susceptibility to bacterial wilt, but no cultivar resistant to bacterial wilt has been introduced. In 2015 and 2016, replicated field plots of eight cultivars were grown at Lafayette, Wanatah, and Vincennes, IN, to identify differences in attractiveness to SCB and susceptibility to bacterial wilt. ‘Savor’ had significantly more beetle activity than ‘Hales Best’, ‘Superstar’, and ‘Aphrodite’ in three of six site-years, and more than ‘Diplomat’, ‘Dream Dew’, ‘Athena’, and ‘Wrangler’ in two site-years. Beetle activity for ‘Athena’, ‘Superstar’, and ‘Wrangler’ did not differ significantly from ‘Aphrodite’ for any site-year. Bacterial wilt severity was significantly greater for ‘Diplomat’ and ‘Dream Dew’ than for other cultivars in four site-years. ‘Superstar’ had the least disease in five site-years, but significantly less than ‘Aphrodite’, ‘Athena’, and ‘Hales Best’ in only one site-year. At one site, additional plots of each cultivar were populated with five SCBs per plant, and rowcovers were applied to keep the SCBs near the plants for 3 weeks. This resulted in similar beetle activity on all cultivars, but most disease in ‘Dream Dew’ and least in ‘Superstar’ and ‘Athena’. Marketable yield was generally highest for ‘Aphrodite’, ‘Superstar’, and ‘Athena’ when plants were exposed to natural beetle populations. Overall, ‘Savor’ and ‘Diplomat’ were the most attractive to beetles, and ‘Diplomat’ and ‘Dream Dew’ were the most susceptible to bacterial wilt. ‘Aphrodite’, ‘Athena’, and ‘Superstar’ were less attractive to beetles and showed more tolerance to bacterial wilt in both 2015 and 2016.

scholarly journals Association of Environmental Arsenic Exposure, Genetic Polymorphisms of Susceptible Genes, and Skin Cancers in Taiwan

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-I Hsu ◽  
Meei-Maan Wu ◽  
Yuan-Hung Wang ◽  
Cheng-Yeh Lee ◽  
Tse-Yen Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Skin Carcinogenesis ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Xenobiotic Detoxification ◽  
Skin Cancer Risk ◽  
Metabolic Genes ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
And Gender

Deficiency in the capability of xenobiotic detoxification and arsenic methylation may be correlated with individual susceptibility to arsenic-related skin cancers. We hypothesized that glutathione S-transferase (GST M1, T1, and P1), reactive oxygen species (ROS) related metabolic genes (NQO1, EPHX1, and HO-1), and DNA repair genes (XRCC1, XPD, hOGG1, and ATM) together may play a role in arsenic-induced skin carcinogenesis. We conducted a case-control study consisting of 70 pathologically confirmed skin cancer patients and 210 age and gender matched participants with genotyping of 12 selected polymorphisms. The skin cancer risks were estimated by odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using logistic regression. EPHX1 Tyr113His, XPD C156A, and GSTT1 null genotypes were associated with skin cancer risk (OR = 2.99, 95% CI = 1.01–8.83; OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 0.99–4.27; OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.00–3.02, resp.). However, none of these polymorphisms showed significant association after considering arsenic exposure status. Individuals carrying three risk polymorphisms of EPHX1 Tyr113His, XPD C156A, and GSTs presented a 400% increased skin cancer risk when compared to those with less than or equal to one polymorphism. In conclusion, GSTs, EPHX1, and XPD are potential genetic factors for arsenic-induced skin cancers. The roles of these genes for arsenic-induced skin carcinogenesis need to be further evaluated.

scholarly journals Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Five Glutathione S-Transferase Genes and Promoters from Micromelalopha troglodyta (Graeser) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) and Their Response to Tannic Acid Stress

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
Fang Tang ◽  
Huizhen Tu ◽  
Qingli Shang ◽  
Xiwu Gao ◽  
Pei Liang
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Acid Stress ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Promoter Sequences ◽  
Xenobiotic Detoxification ◽  
Regulatory Cascade ◽  
Glutathione S Transferases ◽  
Fat Bodies

Plants accumulate phenolic compounds such as tannic acid to resist insect herbivores. The survival of insects exposed to toxic secondary metabolites depends on the detoxification metabolism mediated by limited groups of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Micromelalopha troglodyta (Graeser) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) is an important foliar pest of poplar trees. GSTs play an important role in xenobiotic detoxification in M. troglodyta. Five GST genes were identified in M. troglodyta and were classified into five different cytosolic GST classes, delta, omega, sigma, theta, and zeta. Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to determine the mRNA expression of the five cloned GSTs in the midguts and fat bodies of M. troglodyta. The mRNA expression of the five GSTs was significantly induced when M. troglodyta was exposed to tannic acid. To further understand the tannic acid regulatory cascade, the 5′-flanking promoter sequences of the five MtGSTs were isolated by genome walking methods, and the promoters were very active and induced by tannic acid. In summary, the induction of GST mRNA expression was due to the response of five MtGST promoters to tannic acid. Therefore, MtGST promoters play an important role in the regulation of GST transcription.

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