scholarly journals Behavioural Measures of Infant Activity but Not Attention Associate with Later Preschool ADHD Traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 524
Author(s):  
Amy Goodwin ◽  
Alexandra Hendry ◽  
Luke Mason ◽  
Tessel Bazelmans ◽  
Jannath Begum Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Child Behaviour ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Early Interventions ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
History Of ◽  
Observer Ratings ◽  
Infant Attention

Mapping infant neurocognitive differences that precede later ADHD-related behaviours is critical for designing early interventions. In this study, we investigated (1) group differences in a battery of measures assessing aspects of attention and activity level in infants with and without a family history of ADHD or related conditions (ASD), and (2) longitudinal associations between the infant measures and preschool ADHD traits at 3 years. Participants (N = 151) were infants with or without an elevated likelihood for ADHD (due to a family history of ADHD and/or ASD). A multi-method assessment protocol was used to assess infant attention and activity level at 10 months of age that included behavioural, cognitive, physiological and neural measures. Preschool ADHD traits were measured at 3 years of age using the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and the Child Behaviour Questionnaire (CBQ). Across a broad range of measures, we found no significant group differences in attention or activity level at 10 months between infants with and without a family history of ADHD or ASD. However, parent and observer ratings of infant activity level at 10 months were positively associated with later preschool ADHD traits at 3 years. Observable behavioural differences in activity level (but not attention) may be apparent from infancy in children who later develop elevated preschool ADHD traits.

Easily Frustrated Infants: Implications for Emotion Regulation Strategies and Cognitive Functioning

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita P Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Family History ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Laboratory Assessment ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Regulation Strategies

We identified easily frustrated (n=9) and less easily frustrated (n=15) infants from a cohort (n=54) of 10-month-olds with and without a family history of ADHD. Categorization into frustration groups was made on the basis of both parents’ report and a laboratory assessment in which they were denied an attractive toy. Easily frustrated infants: 1) showed no significant relationship to having a family history of ADHD; 2) showed differences in frequency of emotion regulation strategies; and 3) showed significant group differences on assessments of cognitive functioning. Results indicate that easily frustrated infants are not regulating attention well and that better measures of cognitive functioning in relation to effortful control may better show group differences.

scholarly journals Influence of Family History of Neurodegenerative Diseases on Outcome Following Pediatric Concussion

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (14 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S7.2-S8
Author(s):  
Colt Coffman ◽  
Jacob Kay ◽  
Adam Harrison ◽  
Jeffery Holloway ◽  
Robert Davis Moore
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Pediatric Concussion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Concussion History ◽  
Data Group

ObjectiveTo longitudinally evaluate the relation between family history of neurodegenerative disease and clinical symptoms, as well as vestibular-ocular and cognitive outcomes following concussion in children.BackgroundResearch indicates that pediatric concussion may lead to chronic alterations in neuropsychological health that can adversely affect neurodevelopment. Therefore, it is critical to identify risk factors that may moderate recovery to improve concussion outcomes in children. Evidence suggests that one such moderator may be a family history of neurodegenerative disease (FHND).Design/MethodsData were collected from a local pediatric concussion clinic. Patients were examined at 2- and 5-weeks post-injury. Clinical symptoms were measured using the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ). Vestibular-ocular function was assessed using the Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) tool. Cognition was measured using a modified CogState Brain Injury Test Battery. Log-transformations were applied to normalize data. Group differences between those with (n = 13) and without (n = 26) a family history of neurodegenerative disease (Alzheimer’s, Non-Alzheimer’s Dementias, Parkinson’s, and/or Multiple Sclerosis) were analyzed. Children without FHND were double-matched based on sex, age, and concussion history.ResultsAcross timepoints, children with FHND reported more severe clinical symptoms on the RPQ (p’s < 0.05). Additionally, those with FHND showed higher VOMS saccades scores across timepoints compared to those without FHND (p’s < 0.05). Further, children with FHND reported greater dizziness following VOMS saccades and convergence tests at 5-weeks post-injury (p’s < 0.01). No group differences at any timepoint were observed for any measure of cognition.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that a family history of neurodegenerative disease is associated with more severe clinical symptoms and greater vestibular-ocular dysfunction following pediatric concussion.

An Examination of Feedback Seeking in Individuals With Social Anxiety Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, or No History of Mental Disorder Using a Daily Diary Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian A. Wilson ◽  
Naomi Koerner ◽  
Martin M. Antony
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Daily Diary ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Feedback Seeking ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Diary Data ◽  
Diary Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
Daily Diary Method

This study examined excessive reassurance seeking (or positive feedback seeking; PFS) and negative feedback seeking (NFS) in individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), or no history of mental health difficulties. A 2-week daily diary method was used to examine potential group differences in the frequency, topics, and targets of PFS and NFS. The SAD and GAD groups reported significantly higher feedback seeking (FS) than the healthy group on self-report questionnaires. The most common targets of FS in each group were other people (e.g., romantic partner, family members). According to diary data, there were no significant group differences in the frequency of PFS, NFS, overall FS, or overall FS adjusted for self-reported compliance with diary completion (after applying Bonferroni correction). There were also no significant group differences in FS topics according to diary data. Future research directions and potential implications of these findings are discussed.

Interactions among Variables in the P300 Response to a Continuous Performance Task in Normal and ADHD Adults

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 666-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. McPherson ◽  
Mimi T. Salamat
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Number Of False Alarms ◽  
Auditory P300 ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

This study investigated the effect of variable interstimulus intervals (ISIs) in a group of normal and ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) adults on behavioral reaction time and the auditory P300 event-related potential. This study involved 20 adult subjects with no history of ADHD and 11 adult subjects diagnosed with ADHD. The subjects were instructed to respond to the common stimuli and ignore the rare stimulus. Significant differences in the latency of the P300a, P300b, the amplitude of the P300b, and in the number of false alarms and correct rejections between ISIs were observed in the normal group. The group with ADHD failed to show any significant differences between ISIs. Psychophysical measures of hits showed significant differences for the number of hits for ISI 2 (2 sec) between the two groups. False alarms and correct rejections for all ISIs showed significant differences between groups. Significant group differences were seen for latency of the P300a and P300b at each of the three ISIs, for amplitude of the P300a and P300b for ISI 1 and ISI 3, and for the amplitude of the P300b for ISI 2. There was a greater separation in the group with ADHD between the P300a and P300b suggesting a processing lag in that group.

Prevalence and Natural History of Cryptorchidism

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Gertrud S. Berkowitz ◽  
Robert H. Lapinski ◽  
Jacqueline G. Gazella ◽  
Stephen E. Dolgin ◽  
Carol A. Bodian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Mount Sinai Hospital ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Do So

Objective. A prospective hospital-based cohort study was conducted to determine the prevalence rates of cryptorchidism at birth, 3 months, and 1 year of age. Design. A total of 6935 consecutive male neonates delivered at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City between October 1987 and October 1990 were examined at birth for cryptorchidism. Standardized examination and classification criteria were used. Infants classified as cryptorchid at birth were reexamined at 3 months and 1 year after the expected date of delivery. Results. Of 6935 neonates assessed at birth, 255(3.7%) were found to be cryptorchid at birth. The rates were significantly elevated for low birth weight, preterm, small-for-gestational age, and twin neonates. The overall rate had declined to 1.0% by the 3-month assessment and 1.1% at the 1-year assessment. Although the rates at the 1-year assessment tended to be higher for low birth weight and preterm infants, no significant group differences were observed. Conclusions. Since the prevalence rates in this study are similar to those reported several decades ago, these data provide no evidence that the rate of cryptorchidism has increased either at birth or by 1 year of age. Furthermore, most testes that descend spontaneously do so within the first 3 months after the expected date of delivery.

scholarly journals Flying may not affect symptom recovery after concussion in Athletes

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (14 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S23.1-S23
Author(s):  
Tara Sharma ◽  
Julia Kerrigan ◽  
David McArthur ◽  
Thomas McAllister ◽  
Michael McCrea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Athletes ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Time Zones ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

ObjectiveTo determine if there is a relationship between concussion recovery and airplane travel soon after injury in collegiate athletes and military cadets.BackgroundConcussions are a common occurrence in young athletes. Very few studies have examined how flying may influence the clinical progression of a concussive injury.Design/MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study comprised of 3480 college athletes and cadets with concussion obtained from the Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium and divided in two groups: those who flew and those who did not fly after concussion. Those with unknown flight status were excluded. Demographics between groups were compared using Chi Square analysis. Symptom burden was calculated by subtracting baseline Sports Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT3) symptom scores from the post-injury score after flying. Significance between outcome measures and flight status were evaluated using a paired t-test. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to determine if number of time zones crossed during flight influenced outcomes.Results165 athletes flew 31.8 ± 52.3 [SD] hours after injury, 2235 athletes did not fly, and 1080 had unknown flight status. There were no significant study group differences for age, sex, sport, history of prior concussion, and history of headache. No significant group differences were found in days to return to unrestricted play (p = 0.11), days after injury to start graded exertion (p = 0.50), duration of concussion symptoms (p = 0.23), days until return to normal academic performance (p = 0.75), and symptom burden (p = 0.47). Number of time zones crossed did not affect any outcomes.ConclusionsAirplane travel early after concussion did not significantly affect recovery or severity of concussion symptoms in college athletes and cadets. Further studies need to investigate the possible effects of flying more acutely after injury. These data may help guide future recommendations on flight travel after concussion in athletes.

scholarly journals Impact of Age and Physical Activity on Postprandial Metabolic Responses (OR22-07-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Koemel ◽  
Christina Sciarillo ◽  
Patrick Tomko ◽  
Katherine Bode ◽  
Nathaniel Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Metabolic Outcomes ◽  
Postprandial Triglyceride ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Large metabolic responses to high-fat meals (HFM) are known to create a deleterious physiological state. However, there is limited research describing the differential influences of age and physical activity level on meal metabolism, specifically in healthy older individuals. The goal of this project is to quantify the impact of age and physical activity on metabolic outcomes immediately following meal consumption in healthy men and women. Methods We recruited 4 groups of individuals: younger active (YA; age 22.3 ± 1.5 y; n = 7), younger inactive (YI; age 22.6 ± 4.0 y; n = 7), older active (OA; age 70.5 ± 7.8 y; n = 6), and older inactive (OI; age 69.6 ± 7.6 y; n = 5). Following a 10-hour overnight fast, an intravenous catheter was inserted into a forearm vein from which a fasting blood draw was taken. Participants then consumed a HFM (12 kcal/kg; 63% fat, 34% carbohydrate). Serial blood draws were conducted hourly for 6 hours to measure postprandial triglyceride (TG) and glucose (GLU) responses. Prior to the HFM, participants refrained from exercise for 48 hours to remove the confounding effects of recent acute exercise. One-way or two-way ANOVA was used, as appropriate, to compare groups with regard to postprandial metabolic outcomes. Results Groups were similar with regard to fasting GLU (P = 0.77) and TG (P = 0.06). There was a time effect for both GLU and TG in the postprandial period (P < 0.0001). A group effect was present for TG (P = 0.048), but not GLU (P = 0.07). There were no significant group differences in TG in post hoc comparisons (YA vs. YI, P = 0.41; YA vs. OA, P > 0.99; YA vs. OI, P = 0.08; YI vs. OA, P = 0.42; YI vs. OI, P = 0.67; OA vs. OI, P = 0.08). Total area under the curve (AUC) for TG was significantly different across groups (P = 0.0498; YA = 618.8 ± 103.1 mg/dL x 6 hr, YI = 836.4 ± 402.6, OA = 609.0 ± 234.6, OI = 993.4 ± 80.9), but incremental AUC was not different (P = 0.18). Groups did not differ with regard to GLU total (P = 0.07) or incremental AUC (P = 0.26). Peak TG (P = 0.38) and GLU (P = 0.18) responses did not differ across groups. Conclusions In this ongoing experiment, we are observing group differences in postprandial TG based on age and physical activity level. When complete, this study will highlight the independent effects of aging and physical activity on postprandial metabolic responses, which are integral components in CVD risk. Funding Sources Oklahoma State University.

scholarly journals The Influence of Family History of Neurodegenerative Disease on Adolescent Concussion Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 528
Author(s):  
Colt A. Coffman ◽  
Adam T. Harrison ◽  
Jacob J. M. Kay ◽  
Jeffrey P. Holloway ◽  
Michael F. LaFountaine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Autonomic Reactivity ◽  
Isometric Handgrip ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
History Of

Evidence suggests that factors associated with a family history of neurodegenerative disease (fhNDD) may influence outcomes following a concussion. However, the relevance of these findings in adolescent populations has not been fully explored. Therefore, the present study sought to evaluate the relationship between fhNDD and neurological outcomes following an adolescent concussion. Data from a local pediatric concussion clinic were used to compare adolescents with (n = 22) and without (n = 44) an fhNDD. Clinical symptom burden, emotional health, cardio-autonomic function, and cognitive performance were assessed at initial (~2 weeks) and follow-up (~5 weeks) post-injury evaluations. Cardio-autonomic function was assessed at rest and during isometric handgrip contraction (IHGC). Results indicated no significant group differences in emotional health or cognitive performance. Across evaluations, those with an fhNDD exhibited greater somatic symptom severity, alterations in HRV at rest, and early blunted cardio-autonomic reactivity during IHGC compared to those without an fhNDD. These findings suggest that positive fhNDD is negatively associated with clinical symptomology and cardio-autonomic functioning following an adolescent concussion. Further, these findings encourage clinicians to utilize a comprehensive neurological evaluation to monitor concussion recovery. Future studies should look into exploring the role of specific neurodegenerative processes and conditions on concussion outcomes in adolescents.

scholarly journals Functional Hyperconnectivity during a Stories Listening Task in Magnetoencephalography Is Associated with Language Gains for Children Born Extremely Preterm

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1271
Author(s):  
Maria E. Barnes-Davis ◽  
Hisako Fujiwara ◽  
Georgina Drury ◽  
Stephanie L. Merhar ◽  
Nehal A. Parikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parental Education ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Phase Lag ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Preterm Children ◽  
Language Representation ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
History Of ◽  
Network Strength ◽  
Listening Task

Extreme prematurity (EPT, <28 weeks gestation) is associated with language problems. We previously reported hyperconnectivity in EPT children versus term children (TC) using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Here, we aim to ascertain whether functional hyperconnectivity is a marker of language resiliency for EPT children, validating our earlier work with a distinct sample of contemporary well-performing EPT and preterm children with history of language delay (EPT-HLD). A total of 58 children (17 EPT, 9 EPT-HLD, and 32 TC) participated in stories listening during MEG and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 4–6 years. We compared connectivity in EPT and EPT-HLD, investigating relationships with language over time. We measured fMRI activation during stories listening and parcellated the activation map to obtain “nodes” for MEG connectivity analysis. There were no significant group differences in age, sex, race, ethnicity, parental education, income, language scores, or language representation on fMRI. MEG functional connectivity (weighted phase lag index) was significantly different between groups. Preterm children had increased connectivity, replicating our earlier work. EPT and EPT-HLD had hyperconnectivity versus TC at 24–26 Hz, with EPT-HLD exhibiting greatest connectivity. Network strength correlated with change in standardized scores from 2 years to 4–6 years of age, suggesting hyperconnectivity is a marker of advancing language development.

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