scholarly journals Motor Cortex Stimulation Reversed Hypernociception, Increased Serotonin in Raphe Neurons, and Caused Inhibition of Spinal Astrocytes in a Parkinson’s Disease Rat Model

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1158
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina P. Campos ◽  
Miriã B. Berzuíno ◽  
Gabriela R. Barbosa ◽  
Helena M. R. C. Freire ◽  
Patricia S. Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Persistent Pain ◽  
Motor Cortex Stimulation ◽  
Spinal Neurons ◽  
Nociceptive Responses

Persistent pain is a prevalent symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD), which is related to the loss of monoamines and neuroinflammation. Motor cortex stimulation (MCS) inhibits persistent pain by activating the descending analgesic pathways; however, its effectiveness in the control of PD-induced pain remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the analgesic efficacy of MCS together with serotonergic and spinal glial modulation in an experimental PD (ePD) rat model. Wistar rats with unilateral striatal 6-OHDA and MCS were assessed for behavioral immobility and nociceptive responses. The immunoreactivity of dopamine in the substantia nigra and serotonin in the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) and the neuronal, astrocytic, and microglial activation in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord were evaluated. MCS, without interfering with dopamine loss, reversed ePD-induced immobility and hypernociception. This response was accompanied by an exacerbated increase in serotonin in the NRM and a decrease in neuronal and astrocytic hyperactivation in the spinal cord, without inhibiting ePD-induced microglial hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Taken together, MCS induces analgesia in the ePD model, while restores the descending serotonergic pathway with consequent inhibition of spinal neurons and astrocytes, showing the role of MCS in PD-induced pain control.

scholarly journals Extradural Motor Cortex Stimulation in Parkinson’s Disease: Long-Term Clinical Outcome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 416
Author(s):  
Carla Piano ◽  
Francesco Bove ◽  
Delia Mulas ◽  
Enrico Di Stasio ◽  
Alfonso Fasano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Motor Cortex Stimulation ◽  
Dopaminergic Therapy

Previous investigations have reported on the motor benefits and safety of chronic extradural motor cortex stimulation (EMCS) for patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), but studies addressing the long-term clinical outcome are still lacking. In this study, nine consecutive PD patients who underwent EMCS were prospectively recruited, with a mean follow-up time of 5.1 ± 2.5 years. As compared to the preoperatory baseline, the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)-III in the off-medication condition significantly decreased by 13.8% at 12 months, 16.1% at 18 months, 18.4% at 24 months, 21% at 36 months, 15.6% at 60 months, and 8.6% at 72 months. The UPDRS-IV decreased by 30.8% at 12 months, 22.1% at 24 months, 25% at 60 months, and 36.5% at 72 months. Dopaminergic therapy showed a progressive reduction, significant at 60 months (11.8%). Quality of life improved by 18.0% at 12 months, and 22.4% at 60 months. No surgical complication, cognitive or behavioral change occurred. The only adverse event reported was an infection of the implantable pulse generator pocket. Even in the long-term follow-up, EMCS was shown to be a safe and effective treatment option in PD patients, resulting in improvements in motor symptoms and quality of life, and reductions in motor complications and dopaminergic therapy.

Motor cortex stimulation for Parkinson's disease: a modelling study

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 056005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphne G M Zwartjes ◽  
Tjitske Heida ◽  
Hans K P Feirabend ◽  
Marcus L F Janssen ◽  
Veerle Visser-Vandewalle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Cortex Stimulation ◽  
Modelling Study

Cerebral activity modulation by extradural motor cortex stimulation in Parkinson's disease: a perfusion SPECT study

2007 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 071203214007007-???
Author(s):  
R. Cilia ◽  
G. Marotta ◽  
A. Landi ◽  
I. U. Isaias ◽  
F. Vergani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Cortex Stimulation ◽  
Cerebral Activity ◽  
Perfusion Spect

Akinesia in Parkinson's disease. II. Effects of subthreshold repetitive transcranial motor cortex stimulation

Neurology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 892-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pascual-Leone ◽  
J. Valls-Sole ◽  
J. P. Brasil-Neto ◽  
A. Cammarota ◽  
J. Grafman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Cortex Stimulation

High frequency extradural motor cortex stimulation transiently improves axial symptoms in a patient with Parkinson's disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (13) ◽  
pp. 1916-1919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Fasano ◽  
Carla Piano ◽  
Celestino De Simone ◽  
Beatrice Cioni ◽  
Daniela Di Giuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Motor Cortex Stimulation ◽  
Axial Symptoms

scholarly journals Extradural Motor Cortex Stimulation might improve episodic and working memory in patients with Parkinson’s disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Piano ◽  
Marco Ciavarro ◽  
Francesco Bove ◽  
Daniela Di Giuda ◽  
Fabrizio Cocciolillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Motor Cortex Stimulation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Verbal Episodic Memory

Abstract Electric Extradural Motor Cortex Stimulation (EMCS) is a neurosurgical procedure suggested for treatment of patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD). We report two PD patients treated by EMCS, who experienced worsening of motor symptoms and cognition 5 years after surgery, when EMCS batteries became discharged. One month after EMCS restoration, they experienced a subjective improvement of motor symptoms and cognition. Neuropsychological assessments were carried out before replacement of batteries (off-EMCS condition) and 6 months afterward (on-EMCS condition). As compared to off-EMCS condition, in on-EMCS condition both patients showed an improvement on tasks of verbal episodic memory and backward spatial short-term/working memory task, and a decline on tasks of selective visual attention and forward spatial short-term memory. These findings suggest that in PD patients EMCS may induce slight beneficial effects on motor symptoms and cognitive processes involved in verbal episodic memory and in active manipulation of information stored in working memory.

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