scholarly journals Ecosystem-Based Adaptation to Protect Avian Species in Coastal Communities in the Greater Niagara Region, Canada

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Samantha Gauthier ◽  
Bradley May ◽  
Liette Vasseur
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Living Shorelines ◽  
Human Wellbeing ◽  
Living Shoreline

Coastal communities are increasingly vulnerable to climate change and its effects may push coastal ecosystems to undergo irreversible changes. This is especially true for shorebirds with the loss of biodiversity and resource-rich habitats to rest, refuel, and breed. To protect these species, it is critical to conduct research related to nature-based Solutions (NbS). Through a scoping review of scientific literature, this paper initially identified 85 articles with various ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) strategies that could help conserve shorebird populations and promote ecotourism. Of these 85 articles, 28 articles had EbA strategies that were examined, with some like coral reefs and mangroves eliminated as they were inappropriate for this region. The scoping review identified four major EbA strategies for the Greater Niagara Region with living shorelines and beach nourishment being the most suitable, especially when combined. These strategies were then evaluated against the eight core principles of nature-based solutions protecting shorebird as well as human wellbeing. Living shoreline strategy was the only one that met all eight NbS principles. As the coastline of the region greatly varies in substrate and development, further research will be needed to decide which EbA strategies would be appropriate for each specific area to ensure their efficacy.

scholarly journals Turbid Coral Reefs: Past, Present and Future—A Review

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Adi Zweifler (Zvifler) ◽  
Michael O’Leary ◽  
Kyle Morgan ◽  
Nicola K. Browne
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Reef Complex ◽  
Sediment Input

Increasing evidence suggests that coral reefs exposed to elevated turbidity may be more resilient to climate change impacts and serve as an important conservation hotspot. However, logistical difficulties in studying turbid environments have led to poor representation of these reef types within the scientific literature, with studies using different methods and definitions to characterize turbid reefs. Here we review the geological origins and growth histories of turbid reefs from the Holocene (past), their current ecological and environmental states (present), and their potential responses and resilience to increasing local and global pressures (future). We classify turbid reefs using new descriptors based on their turbidity regime (persistent, fluctuating, transitional) and sources of sediment input (natural versus anthropogenic). Further, by comparing the composition, function and resilience of two of the most studied turbid reefs, Paluma Shoals Reef Complex, Australia (natural turbidity) and Singapore reefs (anthropogenic turbidity), we found them to be two distinct types of turbid reefs with different conservation status. As the geographic range of turbid reefs is expected to increase due to local and global stressors, improving our understanding of their responses to environmental change will be central to global coral reef conservation efforts.

scholarly journals A Waterfront View of Coastal Hazards: Contextualizing Relationships among Geographic Exposure, Shoreline Type, and Hazard Concerns among Coastal Residents

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven B. Scyphers ◽  
Michael W. Beck ◽  
Kelsi L. Furman ◽  
Judy Haner ◽  
Lauren I. Josephs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Coastal Hazards ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Living Shorelines ◽  
Ecological Objectives ◽  
Coastal Residents ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Coastal communities exist on the front lines of diverse natural hazards and the growing impacts of climate change. While traditional strategies for dealing with coastal hazards have often involved the hardening or armoring of shorelines, more recent research and practice have demonstrated the value and cost-effectiveness of “living shorelines” and other ecosystem-based strategies for coastal protection. To explore potential relationships among geographic exposure (waterfront vs. inland), shoreline condition (armored vs. natural), and hazard concerns, we surveyed 583 waterfront and inland residents in the northern Gulf of Mexico. We found that overall concern for coastal hazards was similar across waterfront and inland residents, as well as among residents with both armored and natural shorelines. However, concern for specific hazards differed across these groups. Waterfront residents were significantly more concerned about major hurricanes and erosion than inland residents. Conversely, inland residents were more concerned with drought and flooding than waterfront residents. Among waterfront residents, specific hazard concerns were similar between residents with natural and armored shorelines with two key exceptions. Residents with armored shorelines reported higher concern for erosion and sea level rise than residents with natural shorelines. Our results suggest that armored shorelines do not necessarily alleviate concerns about coastal hazards. In the context of balancing social and ecological objectives in addressing coastal hazards or adapting to climate change, understanding the perceptions and behaviors of coastal residents is essential for conserving and protecting coastal ecosystems along residential shorelines.

Patterns and processes influencing helminth parasites of Arctic coastal communities during climate change

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.V. Galaktionov
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Storm Activity

AbstractThis review analyses the scarce available data on biodiversity and transmission of helminths in Arctic coastal ecosystems and the potential impact of climate changes on them. The focus is on the helminths of seabirds, dominant parasites in coastal ecosystems. Their fauna in the Arctic is depauperate because of the lack of suitable intermediate hosts and unfavourable conditions for species with free-living larvae. An increasing proportion of crustaceans in the diet of Arctic seabirds would result in a higher infection intensity of cestodes and acanthocephalans, and may also promote the infection of seabirds with non-specific helminths. In this way, the latter may find favourable conditions for colonization of new hosts. Climate changes may alter the composition of the helminth fauna, their infection levels in hosts and ways of transmission in coastal communities. Immigration of boreal invertebrates and fish into Arctic seas may allow the circulation of helminths using them as intermediate hosts. Changing migratory routes of animals would alter the distribution of their parasites, facilitating, in particular, their trans-Arctic transfer. Prolongation of the seasonal ‘transmission window’ may increase the parasitic load on host populations. Changes in Arctic marine food webs would have an overriding influence on the helminths’ circulation. This process may be influenced by the predicted decreased of salinity in Arctic seas, increased storm activity, coastal erosion, ocean acidification, decline of Arctic ice, etc. Greater parasitological research efforts are needed to assess the influence of factors related to Arctic climate change on the transmission of helminths.

scholarly journals WAVE TRANSFORMATION WITHIN A CORAL REEF LAGOON SYSTEM, ERAKOR LAGOON, VANUATU

2020 ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Gaelle Faivre ◽  
Oriane Lagrabe ◽  
Krishna Kotra ◽  
Rodger Tomlinson ◽  
Brendan Mackey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Coastal Hazards ◽  
Wave Transformation ◽  
Reef Lagoon ◽  
Waves And Currents ◽  
Coral Reef Lagoon

Coral reefs encircle most of the islands in Vanuatu and provide natural breakwaters for coastal communities by reducing wave energy arriving at the shoreline acting to control both inundation and erosion. Climate Change is projected to both exacerbate coastal hazards and endanger corals. The aim of this paper is to better understand the parameters that govern hydrodynamics on fringing reef systems. The interaction between the depth, waves and currents are studied from measurements conducted in Erakor lagoon, Vanuatu.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/mPrG6NWL4dM

scholarly journals Tools and Methods to Include Health in Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies and Policies: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2547
Author(s):  
Ianis Delpla ◽  
Thierno Amadou Diallo ◽  
Michael Keeling ◽  
Olivier Bellefleur
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Nested Models ◽  
Adaptation And Mitigation ◽  
Tools And Methods

Climate change represents a serious threat to the health and well-being of populations. Today, many countries, regions, and cities around the world are implementing policies and strategies to adapt to climate change and mitigate its effects. A scoping review was performed to identify tools and methods that help integrate health into climate change adaptation and mitigation policies and strategies. The literature search includes scientific and grey literature. The scientific literature was conducted using PubMed, Elsevier Embase, and Web of Science databases. A grey literature web search was performed to complement the results. A total of 35 studies (28 from the scientific literature and 7 from the grey literature) were finally included. A large majority of research articles (24/28) and almost all reports (6/7) from the grey literature were published after 2010. Results show that the tools that were found most frequently are the nested models (12/35), health impact assessment (6/35), vulnerability and adaptation assessment (3/35), conceptual frameworks (3/35), and mixed methods (3/35). This review shows an increasing interest in the topic of developing tools to better manage health issues in adaptation and mitigation strategies, with a recent increase in the number of publications. Additional analyses of tools’ effectiveness should be conducted in further studies.

scholarly journals Climate change and Brazil’s coastal zone: socio-environmental vulnerabilities and action strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-444
Author(s):  
Paulo Horta ◽  
Patrícia F. Pinho ◽  
Lidiane Gouvea ◽  
Guido Grimaldi ◽  
Giovana Destri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Biological Invasions ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Seagrass Beds ◽  
Action Strategies ◽  
O2 Production

The coastal zone, where most of the Brazilian population lives, plays a central role for discussing vulnerability and adaptation strategies to climate change. Besides saltmarshes, mangroves and coral reefs, this region also presents seagrass beds, macroalgae and rhodolith beds, forming underwater forests, which are key habitats for services such as biodiversity conservation, O2 production, and absorption of part of the CO2 from the atmosphere. Science endorses that ocean warming and acidification, sea level rise, biological invasions and their interactions with pollution, overfishing, and other stressors undermine the structure and functioning of these ecosystems, thus increasing the region's socio-environmental vulnerability. Ecosystem conservation, management and potential bioremediation/restoration using science-based solutions must be prioritized in order to reduce the vulnerability of coastal communities and the ocean.

scholarly journals Climate change and health: scoping review of scientific literature 1990-2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Herlihy ◽  
A Bar-Hen ◽  
G Verner ◽  
H Fischer ◽  
R Sauerborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Climate Change And Health

A scoping review on climate change and tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bijay Maharjan ◽  
Ram Sharan Gopali ◽  
Ying Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Scoping Review

Workplace experience of parents coping with perinatal loss: A scoping review

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sophie Meunier ◽  
Francine de Montigny ◽  
Sabrina Zeghiche ◽  
Dominique Lalande ◽  
Chantal Verdon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Perinatal Loss ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Workplace Experience ◽  
Returning To Work ◽  
Perinatal Grief

BACKGROUND: Perinatal loss affects many parents in the workforce. Yet, current knowledge about their workplace experience while facing this difficult event is sparse. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to review and synthesize the extent of scientific literature on the specific experiences of workers coping with perinatal loss and the resulting bereavement. METHODS: A scoping review was carried out using eight different databases. A total of 15 references, all using a qualitative methodology, were identified. Most of the references focused on the experience of mothers and on late perinatal loss (from the 20th week of pregnancy). RESULTS: All references highlighted the taboo and the non-recognition of perinatal grief and bereavement in both organizational practices and interpersonal relationships with colleagues and immediate supervisors. They also emphasized the difficulties associated with returning to work after the loss and the significant changes in the meaning attributed to work. CONCLUSIONS: While the studies included in this review clearly indicate that perinatal loss can affect working life, larger, quantitative studies are needed to quantify this phenomenon and its impact on employees and their organizations.

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