scholarly journals Physicochemical Aspects of the Performance of Hair-Conditioning Formulations

Cosmetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Fernández-Peña ◽  
Eduardo Guzmán
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Frictional Properties ◽  
Conditioning Process ◽  
Partial Covering

Most of the currently used products for repairing and conditioning hair rely on the deposition of complex formulations, based on mixtures involving macromolecules and surfactants, onto the surface of hair fibers. This leads to the partial covering of the damaged areas appearing in the outermost region of capillary fibers, which enables the decrease of the friction between fibers, improving their manageability and hydration. The optimization of shampoo and conditioner formulations necessitates a careful examination of the different physicochemical parameters related to the conditioning mechanism, e.g., the thickness of the deposits, its water content, topography or frictional properties. This review discusses different physicochemical aspects which impact the understanding of the most fundamental bases of the conditioning process.

scholarly journals From the Beehives: Identification and Comparison of Physicochemical Properties of Algerian Honey

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Mokhtar Guerzou ◽  
Hani Amir Aouissi ◽  
Ahlem Guerzou ◽  
Juris Burlakovs ◽  
Salaheddine Doumandji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Free Acidity ◽  
Codex Alimentarius ◽  
Index Analysis ◽  
Geographical Locations

In this study, the authors aimed at characterizing 11 Algerian kinds of honey taken from various geographical locations (beehives located at Djelfa (Medjbara and Dzaira), Laghouat, Aflou, Medea, Tiaret, Sidi bel-Abbes, Tiaret, Ain-Safra, Mostaganem, El Bayadh, and Ghardïa). The authors investigated the physicochemical parameters of these honey samples, including density, water content, electrical conductivity, ash content, pH, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content, free acidity, and color. The physicochemical parameters obtained were found to be within acceptable ranges according to the international standards (Codex Alimentarius) for 9 out of 11 analyzed samples: density 1.38–1.50 g/cm3 (the same as kg/L, as commonly used for honey), water content 14.03–18.80%, electrical conductivity 0.38 × 10−1 − 6.41 × 10−1 mS/cm, ash content 0.06–0.48%, pH 3.50–4.50, free acidity 11–47 meq/kg, and color 1.1–9.2 Pfund index. Analysis of HMF content showed that only two honey samples have high values (117.7 and 90.0 meq/kg). Most samples of Algerian honey are of suitable quality according to international standards.

Physicochemical Characterization of Organic Honeys Harvested in the North West Algerian Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1421-1430
Author(s):  
Zidane Djelloul ◽  
Sid-Ahmed Benaoula ◽  
Abdeldjalil Daioui ◽  
Mohammed Z.E. El Mahi ◽  
Boumedien Meddah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Free Acid ◽  
Optical Rotation ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Specific Optical Rotation ◽  
North West ◽  
Organic Honey

Background: Consumers have become aware that the industrial methods of honey production have greatly affected the environment and product quality. Today, they want a reorientation of these production modes to obtain healthy and natural organic products. Objective: This study is conducted to evaluate, for the first time in Algeria, the physicochemical composition of organic honey’s harvest in the organic- North West Algerian area. Methods: Twenty-four samples of organic honey were harvested according to the organic beekeeping rules, by selected volunteer beekeepers in organic regions and hives, and then, they were extracted by the traditional method. Physicochemical parameters, such as pH, free acidity, density, electrical conductivity, diastase activity, carbohydrates, hydroxyl methyl furfural (HMF), water content, ash, color intensity and specific optical rotation were evaluated. Results: Mean values obtained for physicochemical parameters were: pH as 3-4.8, electrical conductivity as 0.123-1.180 mS/cm, free acid as 8-30 mEq/kg, diastase activity as 8.02-40.54 (Shade units), carbohydrates as 60.21-77.07%, sucrose as 1.04-8.97%, HMF quality as 4.67-27.63 mg/kg, water content as 14.2-19.0%, ash as 0.09-0.86%, color intensity ABS450 as 288-1467 mAU, color intensity (Pfund scale) as 0.30-137.34 mm and specific optical rotation at (-16.1)-(-3.8). The analysis indicated that organic honey samples grown in selected sites of our local area are of good quality. All of the obtained values were within the limits imposed by the present legislation (Codex Alimentarius). Conclusion: Analyzed honey samples are characterized as biological products of excellent quality with interesting nutritional properties.

scholarly journals A New Approach for Determination of the Botanical Origin of Monofloral Bee Honey, Combining Mineral Content, Physicochemical Parameters, and Self-Organizing Maps

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 7219
Author(s):  
Tsvetomil Voyslavov ◽  
Elisaveta Mladenova ◽  
Ralitsa Balkanska
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Optical Rotation ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Botanical Origin ◽  
Specific Optical Rotation ◽  
Self Organizing Maps ◽  
New Approach

A new approach for the botanical origin determination of monofloral bee honey is developed. The methodology combines mineral content and physicochemical parameters determination with intelligent statistics such as self-organizing maps (SOMs). A total of 62 monofloral bee honey samples were analysed, including 31 linden, 14 rapeseed, 13 sunflower, and 4 acacia. All of them were harvested in 2018 and 2019 from trusted beekeepers, after confirming their botanical origin, using melissopalynological analysis. Nine physicochemical parameters were determined, including colour, water content, pH, electrical conductivity, hydroxymethylfurfural content, diastase activity, specific optical rotation, invertase activity, and proline. The content of thirty chemical elements (Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, In, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, S, Se, Sr, Te, V, and Zn) was measured using ICP-OES, ICP-MS, and FAAS as instrumental techniques. The visualisation of the SOMs shows an excellent separation of honey samples in five well-defined clusters—linden, rapeseed, acacia, sunflower, and polyfloral honey—using the following set of 16 descriptors: diastase activity, hydroxymethylfurfural content, invertase activity, pH, specific optical rotation, water content, Al, B, Cr, Cs, K, Na, Ni, Rb, V, and Zn.

Biophysical characteristics of oxytocin secretory granules isolated from ovine corpora lutea

1988 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Sedimentation Coefficient ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Density Gradients ◽  
Neurohypophysial Granules

ABSTRACT Luteal oxytocin-containing secretory granules have been isolated and characterized in terms of their physicochemical parameters. The isopynic sedimentation density (1·03 ±0·003 g/ml) and sedimentation coefficient (1670 S, 0·32 mol sucrose/l, 4 °C) of these granules have been estimated. Based upon these estimates, the average vesicle diameter (258 ± 17 nm) and vesicle weight (9·92 ±0·67 fg/vesicle) were calculated. The exchangeable water content (58·2%) of these granules was determined using density gradients prepared with deuterium oxide. Luteal oxytocin-containing granules displayed similar physicochemical characteristics to those reported for neurohypophysial peptide-containing granules, with the exception of particle size. Luteal granules were 1·3 times greater in diameter than neurohypophysial granules. J. Endocr. (1988) 116, 267–272

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF SERBIAN SUNFLOWER HONEYS BY THEIR PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenad Popov ◽  
Milica Živkov Baloš ◽  
Sandra Jakšić ◽  
Vladimir Polaček
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Total Acidity ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Abstract: Five physicochemical parameters (water content, electrical conductivity, total acidity (pH), ash mass fraction and concentration of free acids) were analyzed in 15 sunflower honeys collected from several localities in Vojvodina, Republic of Serbia. The mean values of analyzed honeys were: water content 16.87%; concentration of free acids 27.43 mEq/kg; electrical conductivity 0.34 mS/cm; pH 3.64. The selected physicochemical characteristics of all honey samples from Serbia analyzed in this research can be considered to be within the parameters expected for sunflower honey in general. The values for ash mass fraction, electrical conductivity and concentration of free acids in all sunflower honey samples showed similar trends. High correlation was established between electrical conductivity and ash mass fraction. Statistically significant difference at p≤0.05 (p=0.017) was established only for average values of free acids concentration between honey samples originating from the localities Kanjiža and Čelarevo. All of the analyzed honeys were found to meet national and European legislation for all investigated parameters. Therefore, further research on physicochemical properties of sunflower honey is required to confirm the quality and authenticity of this product and for better understanding the benefits of this honey.

scholarly journals Microstructural strength of tidal soils – a rheometric approach to develop pedotransfer functions

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Stoppe ◽  
Rainer Horn
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Pedotransfer Functions ◽  
Microstructural Stability ◽  
North Germany ◽  
Statistical Relationships ◽  
The Elbe River ◽  
Soil Behaviour

Abstract Differences in soil stability, especially in visually comparable soils can occur due to microstructural processes and interactions. By investigating these microstructural processes with rheological investigations, it is possible to achieve a better understanding of soil behaviour from the mesoscale (soil aggregates) to macroscale (bulk soil). In this paper, a rheological investigation of the factors influencing microstructural stability of riparian soils was conducted. Homogenized samples of Marshland soils from the riparian zone of the Elbe River (North Germany) were analyzed with amplitude sweeps (AS) under controlled shear deformation in a modular compact rheometer MCR 300 (Anton Paar, Germany) at different matric potentials. A range physicochemical parameters were determined (texture, pH, organic matter, CaCO3 etc.) and these factors were used to parameterize pedotransfer functions. The results indicate a clear dependence of microstructural elasticity on texture and water content. Although the influence of individual physicochemical factors varies depending on texture, the relevant features were identified taking combined effects into account. Thus, stabilizing factors are: organic matter, calcium ions, CaCO3 and pedogenic iron oxides; whereas sodium ions and water content represent structurally unfavorable factors. Based on the determined statistical relationships between rheological and physicochemical parameters, pedotransfer functions (PTF) have been developed.

scholarly journals Characterization of Serbian sunflower honeys by their physicochemical characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Milica Živkov-Baloš ◽  
Sandra Jakšić ◽  
Nenad Popov ◽  
Vladimir Polaček
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Total Acidity ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Five physicochemical parameters (water content, electrical conductivity, total acidity (pH), ash mass fraction and concentration of free acids) were analyzed in 15 sunflower honeys collected from several localities in Vojvodina, Serbia. The mean values of analyzed honeys were: water content 16.87%; concentration of free acids 27.43 mEq/kg; electrical conductivity 0.34 mS/cm; pH 3.64 and ash mass fraction 0.13%. The selected physicochemical characteristics of all honey samples from Serbia analyzed in this research can be considered to be within the parameters expected for sunflower honey in general. The values for ash mass fraction, electrical conductivity and concentration of free acids in all sunflower honey samples showed similar trends. High correlation was established between electrical conductivity and ash mass fraction. Statistically significant difference (p≤0.05) was established only for average values of free acids concentration between honey samples originating from the localities Kanjiža and Čelarevo. All of the analyzed honey samples were found to meet national and European legislation for investigated parameters

Microstructural Variations in Melt-Spun Rapidly Solidified Ribbons

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
L. A. Bendersky ◽  
W. J. Boettinger
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Heat Extraction ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
Melt Spun ◽  
Wheel Side ◽  
Rapidly Solidified ◽  
Heat Extraction Rate

Rapid solidification produces a wide variety of sub-micron scale microstructure. Generally, the microstructure depends on the imposed melt undercooling and heat extraction rate. The microstructure can vary strongly not only due to processing parameters changes but also during the process itself, as a result of recalescence. Hence, careful examination of different locations in rapidly solidified products should be performed. Additionally, post-solidification solid-state reactions can alter the microstructure.The objective of the present work is to demonstrate the strong microstructural changes in different regions of melt-spun ribbon for three different alloys. The locations of the analyzed structures were near the wheel side (W) and near the center (C) of the ribbons. The TEM specimens were prepared by selective electropolishing or ion milling.

Characterization of frozen hydrated biological specimens by low-loss EELS

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1572-1573
Author(s):  
Songquan Sun ◽  
Richard D. Leapman
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Protein Solutions ◽  
Subcellular Compartment ◽  
Differential Shrinkage ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

Analyses of ultrathin cryosections are generally performed after freeze-drying because the presence of water renders the specimens highly susceptible to radiation damage. The water content of a subcellular compartment is an important quantity that must be known, for example, to convert the dry weight concentrations of ions to the physiologically more relevant molar concentrations. Water content can be determined indirectly from dark-field mass measurements provided that there is no differential shrinkage between compartments and that there exists a suitable internal standard. The potential advantage of a more direct method for measuring water has led us to explore the use of electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) for characterizing biological specimens in their frozen hydrated state.We have obtained preliminary EELS measurements from pure amorphous ice and from cryosectioned frozen protein solutions. The specimens were cryotransfered into a VG-HB501 field-emission STEM equipped with a 666 Gatan parallel-detection spectrometer and analyzed at approximately −160 C.

Crystal structure-size relationship in ultrafine metallic particles

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 266-267
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Mehmet Sarikaya ◽  
Ilhan A. Aksay
Keyword(s):  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Lattice Defects ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Seeded Growth ◽  
Gold Particles ◽  
Metallic Particles ◽  
Interfacial Structures ◽  
Typical Particle ◽  
Many Particles

Ultrafine particles usually have unique physical properties. This study illustrates how the lattice defects and interfacial structures between particles are related to the size of ultrafine crystalline gold particles.Colloidal gold particles were produced by reducing gold chloride with sodium citrate at 100°C. In this process, particle size can be controlled by changing the concentration of the reactant. TEM samples are prepared by transferring a small amount of solution onto a thin (5 nm) carbon film which is suspended on a copper grid. In this work, all experiments were performed with Philips 430T at 300 kV.With controlled seeded growth, particles of different sizes are produced, as shown in Figure 1. By a careful examination, it can be resolved that very small particles have lattice defects with complex interfaces. Some typical particle structures include multiple twins, resulting in a five-fold symmetry bicrystals, and highly disordered regions. Many particles are too complex to be described by simple models.

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