scholarly journals Conservation Lessons from the Study of North American Boreal Birds at Their Southern Periphery

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Joel Ralston ◽  
William V. DeLuca
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
North American ◽  
Forest Birds ◽  
Coastal Forests ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Maritime Canada ◽  
Climate Change Community ◽  
Warming World ◽  
Distributional Shifts ◽  
Boreal Forest Birds

Many North American boreal forest birds reach the southern periphery of their distribution in the montane spruce–fir forests of northeastern United States and the barren coastal forests of Maritime Canada. Because the southern periphery may be the first to be impacted by warming climates, these populations provide a unique opportunity to examine several factors that will influence the conservation of this threatened group under climate change. We discuss recent research on boreal birds in Northeastern US and in Maritime Canada related to genetic diversity, population trends in abundance, distributional shifts in response to climate change, community composition, and threats from shifting nest predators. We discuss how results from these studies may inform the conservation of boreal birds in a warming world as well as open questions that need addressing.

Comparative phylogeographic analysis suggests a shared history among eastern North American boreal forest birds

The Auk ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Ralston ◽  
Alyssa M FitzGerald ◽  
Theresa M Burg ◽  
Naima C Starkloff ◽  
Ian G Warkentin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
North America ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
North American ◽  
Forest Birds ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Peripheral Populations ◽  
Periphery Effect ◽  
Boreal Forest Birds

Abstract Phylogeographic structure within high-latitude North American birds is likely shaped by a history of isolation in refugia during Pleistocene glaciations. Previous studies of individual species have come to diverse conclusions regarding the number and location of likely refugia, but no studies have explicitly tested for biogeographic concordance in a comparative phylogeographic framework. Here we use a hierarchical approximate Bayesian computation analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences from 653 individuals of 6 bird species that are currently co-distributed in the boreal forest of North America to test for biogeographic congruence. We find support for congruent phylogeographic patterns across species, with shallow divergence dating to the Holocene within each species. Combining genetic results with paleodistribution modeling, we propose that these species shared a single Pleistocene refugium south of the ice sheets in eastern North America. Additionally, we assess modern geographic genetic structure within species, focusing on Newfoundland and disjunct high-elevation populations at the southern periphery of ranges. We find evidence for a “periphery effect” in some species with significant genetic structure among peripheral populations and between peripheral and central populations. Our results suggest that reduced gene flow among peripheral populations, rather than discordant biogeographic histories, can explain the small differences in genetic structure and levels of genetic diversity among co-distributed boreal forest birds.

Global climate change and North American mammalian evolution

Paleobiology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 26 (sp4) ◽  
pp. 259-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Alroy ◽  
Paul L. Koch ◽  
James C. Zachos
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
North American ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Mammalian Evolution

scholarly journals Skewed temperature dependence affects range and abundance in a warming world

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Hurford ◽  
Christina A. Cobbold ◽  
Péter K. Molnár
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Integrodifference Equation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Growth Metrics ◽  
Fitness Curve ◽  
Warming World

AbstractPopulation growth metrics such asR0are usually asymmetric functions of temperature, with cold-skewed curves arising when the positive effects of a temperature increase outweigh the negative effects, and warm-skewed curves arising in the opposite case. Classically, cold-skewed curves are interpreted as more beneficial to a species under climate warming, because cold-skewness implies increased population growth over a larger proportion of the species’ fundamental thermal niche than warm-skewness. However, inference based on the shape of the fitness curve alone, and without considering the synergistic effects of net reproduction, density, and dispersal may yield an incomplete understanding of climate change impacts. We formulate a moving-habitat integrodifference equation model to evaluate how fitness curve skewness affects species’ range size and abundance during climate warming. In contrast to classic interpretations, we find that climate warming adversely affects populations with cold-skewed fitness curves, positively affects populations with warm-skewed curves and has relatively little or mixed effects on populations with symmetric curves. Our results highlight the synergistic effects of fitness curve skewness, spatially heterogeneous densities, and dispersal in climate change impact analyses, and that the common approach of mapping changes only inR0may be misleading.

scholarly journals Information Seeking and Information Sharing Behaviour in the Climate Change Community of Practice in the Pacific:  Implications for Models of Library Services in Scientific and Technical Libraries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Peter Warren Murgatroyd
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Community Of Practice ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Library Services ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Government ◽  
Climate Change Community

<p>Focusing on one ‘community of practice’ – climate change – this research examines the extent to which traditional concepts of library services in scientific and technical libraries (and consequently models of library development) in the Pacific region are aligned to the identified information needs and dominant modes of information seeking and information sharing behaviour of stakeholders. A quantitative survey research methodology was utilized to collect primary data from a census of the identified ‘community of practice’ in order to determine dominant behaviours, perceptions and attitudes amongst respondents towards information seeking and information sharing. The prominence of informal networks for communication and information exchange and the value still ascribed to face-to-face encounters and the development of personal relationships was a dominant theme as was the reliance on internet technologies to acquire and share information. Libraries, at both the regional and national level, were viewed as less useful than alternative pathways for both information seeking and information sharing. A detailed literature review of capacity building initiatives in libraries in the region over the preceding two decades confirms that capacity across the region remains low and the perception and status of libraries within the government sector in the region is poor. Acknowledging the rapid shifts in the information landscape towards electronic access to information and the proliferation of web 2.0 pathways for communication and information, it is argued that if capacity in library and information management in the region is to be strengthened there needs to be a re-evaluation of the role of the library not only in relation to the need for alignment with the goals and objectives of the host organisation but also in light of attitudes towards information and information seeking and information sharing behaviour. Consultations within the climate change community during 2011 have highlighted the clear need to improve access to information and data both nationally and regionally in the Pacific and the value of establishing a region-wide portal mechanism for collating and disseminating climate-related information. Within this context Pacific libraries within the government sector and at the regional level must redefine their role and the services that they offer if they are to be valued and seen as useful and relevant to stakeholders.</p>

Climate Change in the North American Arctic: A One Health Perspective

EcoHealth ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Dudley ◽  
Eric P. Hoberg ◽  
Emily J. Jenkins ◽  
Alan J. Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
North American ◽  
One Health ◽  
The North ◽  
North American Arctic
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