scholarly journals The Measurement of Stiffness for Major Muscles with Shear Wave Elastography and Myoton: A Quantitative Analysis Study

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 524
Author(s):  
Youngjin Lee ◽  
Minkyoung Kim ◽  
Haneul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

The present study was performed to assess the relationship between hand-held myotonometer MyotonPRO and shear wave elastography (SWE) measurements of lower limb muscle stiffness during resting and active voluntary contraction. Forty healthy young adults, (20 males and 20 females) participated in the study. The stiffness of each subject’s rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), tibialis anterior (TA), and medial gastrocnemius (MG) was measured repeatedly by MyotonPRO and SWE. Moderate to strong correlations between the two methods’ measurements were found for both resting and active voluntary contraction. (r = 0.416–0.669, p < 0.05; r = 0.398–0.594, p < 0.05, respectively). Muscle stiffness at rest was significantly lower compared contraction in all four muscles measured by both methods (p < 0.05). Intra-rater reliabilities were generally lower when measurements were taken during contraction. Additionally, when compared by gender, muscle stiffness measured by MyotonPRO was significantly higher at rest in men compared to women, except for the TA. However, a significant difference was found in TA muscle stiffness by gender when measured with SWE. When muscles were contracted, all muscles showed significantly higher stiffness in men compared to women. There were moderate to good correlations in muscle stiffness between measurements of SWE and MyotonPRO at rest and during active voluntary contraction. Additionally, both instruments showed good intra-rater reliability.

scholarly journals Development of Stiffness Measurement Program Using Color Mapping in Shear Wave Elastography

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 362
Author(s):  
Haneul Lee ◽  
Kyuseok Kim ◽  
Youngjin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Color Mapping ◽  
Stiffness Measurement

Shear wave elastography with ultrasound is a noninvasive method used for measuring stiffness in the human body. Shear wave elastography can be used for accurately and quantitatively measuring stiffness. However, its disadvantage is that the stiffness value can vary significantly because the region of interest (ROI) setting depends on the diagnostic operator. In this study, a stiffness measurement program using color mapping in shear wave elastography was developed to address the above-mentioned disadvantage. Color map and color ratios were obtained and evaluated for major lower limb muscles (i.e., biceps femoris, medial gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, and tibialis anterior) at active voluntary contraction. According to the result, when the developed program was used, a small standard deviation compared to the conventional stiffness measurement method, such as kilopascal or meter per second unit using ROIs, was measured in all cases. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the stiffness measurement method using our program is expected to improve reliability in shear wave elastography ultrasound imaging.

Effect of Rest Duration Between Static Stretching on Passive Stiffness of Medial Gastrocnemius Muscle In Vivo

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 578-582
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Nakamura ◽  
Shigeru Sato ◽  
Ryosuke Kiyono ◽  
Nobushige Takahashi ◽  
Tomoichi Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Shear Elastic Modulus ◽  
Before And After

Context: In clinical and sports settings, static stretching (SS) is usually performed to increase range of motion (ROM) and decrease passive muscle stiffness. Recently, the shear elastic modulus was measured by ultrasonic shear wave elastography as an index of muscle stiffness. Previous studies reported that the shear elastic modulus measured by ultrasound shear wave elastography decreased after SS, and the effects of SS on shear elastic modulus were likely affected by rest duration between sets of SS. Objective: To investigate the acute effects of SS with different rest durations on ROM and shear elastic modulus of gastrocnemius and to clarify whether the rest duration between sets of SS decreases the shear elastic modulus. Design: A randomized, repeated-measures experimental design. Setting: University laboratory. Participants: Sixteen healthy males volunteered to participate in the study (age 21.3 [0.8] y; height 171.8 [5.1] cm; weight 63.1 [4.5] kg). Main Outcome Measures: Each participant underwent 3 different rest interval durations during SS (ie, long rest duration: 90 s; normal rest duration: 30 s; and short rest duration: 10 s). This SS technique was repeated 10 times, thus lasting a total of 300 seconds with different rest durations in each protocol. The dorsiflexion ROM and shear elastic modulus were measured before and after SS. Results: Our results revealed that dorsiflexion ROM and shear elastic modulus were changed after 300-second SS; however, no effects of the rest duration between sets of SS were observed. Conclusions: In terms of decreasing the shear elastic modulus, clinicians and coaches should not focus on the rest duration when SS intervention is performed.

scholarly journals Electromyography features during physical and imagined standing up in healthy young adults, Phitsanulok, Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-101
Author(s):  
Kanokwan Srisupornkornkool ◽  
Kanphajee Sornkaew ◽  
Kittithat Chatkanjanakool ◽  
Chayanit Ampairattana ◽  
Pariyanoot Pongtasom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Tibialis Anterior Muscle ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Standing Up ◽  
Imagined Movement

PurposeTo compare the electromyography (EMG) features during physical and imagined standing up in healthy young adults.Design/methodology/approachTwenty-two participants (ages ranged from 20–29 years old) were recruited to participate in this study. Electrodes were attached to the rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior and the medial gastrocnemius muscles of both sides to monitor the EMG features during physical and imagined standing up. The %maximal voluntary contraction (%MVC), onset and duration were calculated.FindingsThe onset and duration of each muscle of both sides had no statistically significant differences between physical and imagined standing up (p > 0.05). The %MVC of all four muscles during physical standing up was statistically significantly higher than during imagined standing up (p < 0.05) on both sides. Moreover, the tibialis anterior muscle of both sides showed a statistically significant contraction before the other muscles (p < 0.05) during physical and imagined standing up.Originality/valueMuscles can be activated during imagined movement, and the patterns of muscle activity during physical and imagined standing up were similar. Imagined movement may be used in rehabilitation as an alternative or additional technique combined with other techniques to enhance the STS skill.

Contributions of Hamstring Stiffness to Straight-Leg-Raise and Sit-and-Reach Test Scores

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (02) ◽  
pp. 110-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naokazu Miyamoto ◽  
Kosuke Hirata ◽  
Noriko Kimura ◽  
Eri Miyamoto-Mikami
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
R Value ◽  
The Right ◽  
Straight Leg Raise ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe passive straight-leg-raise (PSLR) and the sit-and-reach (SR) tests have been widely used to assess hamstring extensibility. However, it remains unclear to what extent hamstring stiffness (a measure of material properties) contributes to PSLR and SR test scores. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the relationship between hamstring stiffness and PSLR and SR scores using ultrasound shear wave elastography. Ninety-eight healthy subjects completed the study. Each subject completed PSLR testing, and classic and modified SR testing of the right leg. Muscle shear modulus of the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus was quantified as an index of muscle stiffness. The relationships between shear modulus of each muscle and PSLR or SR scores were calculated using Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficients. Shear modulus of the semitendinosus and semimembranosus showed negative correlations with the two PSLR and two SR scores (absolute r value≤0.484). Shear modulus of the biceps femoris was significantly correlated with the PSLR score determined by the examiner and the modified SR score (absolute r value≤0.308). The present findings suggest that PSLR and SR test scores are strongly influenced by factors other than hamstring stiffness and therefore might not accurately evaluate hamstring stiffness.

scholarly journals Sonoelastography to Assess Muscular Stiffness Among Older Adults and its Use for the Diagnosis of Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Magdalena Janczyk ◽  
Noémie Champigny ◽  
Emeline Michel ◽  
Charles Raffaelli ◽  
Cédric Annweiler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Independent Review ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

AbstractChanges in muscle stiffness have been reported with sarcopenia. Sonoelastography is an accessible and non-radiating imaging technique allowing quantification of elastic properties of tissue. We performed a systematic review of the literature to investigate whether sonoelastography can be a reliable method to assess sarcopenia in older patients. We searched Medline, Google Scholar, Scopus, SpringerLink and Science direct from January 1, 1990 to April 1, 2020. Three independent review authors assessed trial eligibility, extracted the data, and assessed risk of bias. We intended to learn which types of elastography have been tested, if such measures are repeatable, and if they have been compared to the currently accepted diagnostic method. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. Most followed a cross-sectional design with young and older adult subgroups. The gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, and vastus intermedius appeared most frequently. Nine of the included studies used shear wave elastography and one-strain elastography. The passive elastic constant was significantly greater in sarcopenic versus healthy subjects after passive stretching (124.98 ± 60.82 vs. 46.35 ± 15.85, P = 0.004). However, even in non-sarcopenic patients, the age of the patient was responsible for about 45.5 % of the variance in SWV. Among ten included articles, four reported higher stiffness in the muscles of older adults, two reported lower stiffness, and four found no significant difference. Due to the substantial heterogenicity of actual data, we could not make any conclusions about the potential usefulness of elastography to assess sarcopenia. Further studies are needed, including a larger sample of older patients and using a standardized and reproducible protocol.

scholarly journals Assessing the Effects of Aging on Muscle Stiffness Using Shear Wave Elastography and Myotonometer

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1733
Author(s):  
Yerim Do ◽  
Prarthana Sanya Lall ◽  
Haneul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Muscle Impairment ◽  
Effects Of Aging

The current study investigated the differences in muscle stiffness between older and young adults at rest and during contraction. We also evaluated the differences in muscle stiffness assessments using a myotonometer (MyotonPRO) and shear wave elastography (SWE). Twenty-two older adults (mean age, 66.6 ± 1.6 years) and 23 young adults (mean age, 66.6 ± 1.6 years) participated in this study. Muscle stiffness of the tibialis anterior (TA) and medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscles at rest and during contraction were measured using SWE and the MyotonPRO. The stiffness increase rate (SIR) was also calculated to determine the absolute stiffness difference. The mean muscle stiffness of the TA and MG muscles was significantly lower in older adults than in young adults at rest and during contraction (p < 0.05). Similarly, the SIR values of the TA and MG were significantly lower in older adults than in young adults (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that both instruments could be used to quantify muscle stiffness changes and serve as a cornerstone for assessing aging-related losses in muscle function. Stiffness measures may help exercise professionals to develop an in-depth understanding of muscle impairment at the tissue level.

scholarly journals Comparação do ciclo alongamento-encurtamento em saltos verticais entre mulheres ativas adultas-jovens e idosas

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Hyago Bernardes da Rosa ◽  
Igor Martins Barbosa ◽  
Eduardo Porto Scisleski ◽  
Samuel Klippel Prusch ◽  
Luiz Fernando Cuozzo Lemos
Keyword(s):  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Counter Movement Jump ◽  
Vertical Jumping ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stretch Shortening Cycle

PURPOSE: To verify if there is an electromyographic economy and/or an increase in the variables of vertical jumps, both as a function of the use of the Stretch-Shortening Cycle and to compare the findings between young and old women, both active. METHODS: The sample consisted of a group of elderly (GI) and a group of young (GJ), both female. The power was measured through the contact platform and electromyographic activity of the muscles: biceps femoris (BF), rectus femoris (RF), medial gastrocnemius and vastus lateralis, through vertical jumping tests: Squat Jump (SJ) and Counter Movement Jump (CMJ). RESULTS: All the muscles evaluated did not present a statistically significant difference in the electromyographic activation and the comparisons of the mean percentage of use of the Stretch-Shortening Cycle (CAE), but it was observed that for the vastus lateralis and rectus femoris muscles there were significant differences in the comparisons between the two types of jumps of both groups, GI (236.89±115.66 for SJ and 230.45±109.10 for vastus lateralis muscle (VL) CMJ and 155.42±49.06 for SJ and 155 , 45±61.78 for the CMJ of the RF muscle) required greater neuromuscular activation to jump less than GJ (117.40±133.09 for SJ and 133.09±60.71 for VL muscle CMJ and 106.72±34.15 for the SJ and 108.87±38.85 for the CMJ of the RF muscle). CONCLUSIONS: The present study confirms that there was no statistically significant difference in the use of CAE in both groups (GI and GJ). However, when it comes to the skipped height and the power developed, there were statistically significant differences in the comparison of the groups.

scholarly journals The Effect of Static Stretching on Maximal Voluntary Contraction and Force-Time Curve Characteristics

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Papadopoulos ◽  
Vasilios I. Kalapotharakos ◽  
Georgios Noussios ◽  
Konstantinos Meliggas ◽  
Evangelia Gantiraga
Keyword(s):  
Maximal Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Force Time

Objective:To examine the effect of static stretching on maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and isometric force-time curve characteristics of leg extensor muscles and EMG activity of rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), and gastrocnemius (GA).Design:A within subjects experimental design.Participants:Ten healthy students were tested after a jogging and a jogging/stretch protocol.Intervention:The stretching protocol involved a 10 min jog and seven static stretching exercises.Main Outcomes:Measurements included MVC, time achieved to MVC (TMVC), force at 100ms (F100), index of relative force (IRF), index of rate of force development (IRFD), and average integrated EMG activity (AEMG).Results:There were slight but no significant changes in MVC (1%), TMVC(4.8%), F100(7.8%), IRF (1%), and IRFD(3.5%) between measurement. A significant difference (21%;P< 0.05) in AEMG of RF was found.Conclusions:The present study indicated that a moderate volume of static stretching did not alter significantly the MVC and the isometric force-time curve characteristics. Neural inhibition, as it is reflected from AEMG of RF, did not alter MVC and isometric force-time curve characteristics.

scholarly journals Effects of static stretching duration on muscle stiffness and blood flow in the rectus femoris in adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emine Caliskan ◽  
Orkun Akkoc ◽  
Zuhal Bayramoglu ◽  
Omer Batin Gozubuyuk ◽  
Doga Kural ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rehabilitation Protocols ◽  
Superb Microvascular Imaging

Aims: To compare the effects of 2 and 5 min of passive static stretching (SS) on stiffness and blood flow in the rectus femoris in adolescent athletes using shear wave elastography (SWE) and superb microvascular imaging (SMI).Material and methods: This prospective study included 20 male athletes with median age of 14.5 (12.5–16.5) years. The subjects were divided into two groups based on the SS duration as follows: 2 min (n=10) and 5 min (n=10). At rest and after 2 and 5 min of SS, stiffness and blood flow values were compared in the rectus femoris for each group. Inter-operator reliability was also analysed.Results: There was no significant difference between resting and 2 min of SS in terms of stiffness. The stiffness values decreased significantly from resting to 5 min of SS. The blood flow increased significantly from resting to 2 and 5 min of SS. Inter-operator reliability was moderate to perfect for SWE and SMI measurements (ICC: 0.52–0.83).Conclusions: SWE and SMI can be used to acquire reliable quantitative data about muscle stiffness and blood flow in adolescents. While stiffness parameters significantly decreased from resting after only 5 min, blood flow significantly increased both after 2 and 5 min. For physical rehabilitation protocols, 5 min of SS may be chosen to reduce stiffness. For competitions, 2 min of SS may be sufficient for warm-up exercise because it increases the blood flow optimally. Five min of SS may be preferred for the cool-down exercise to enhance recovery.

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