scholarly journals Universal Detection of Mia Antigen and Frequencies of Glycophorin Hybrids among Blood Donors in Taiwan by Human Monoclonal Antibodies against Mia (MNS7), Mur (MNS10), and MUT (MNS35) Antigens

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 806
Author(s):  
Meng-Hua Yang ◽  
Jen-Wei Chen ◽  
Kaito Sayaka ◽  
Makoto Uchikawa ◽  
Nelson H. Tsuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Taiwanese Population ◽  
Human Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Blood Testing ◽  
Southeast Asians ◽  
Blood Banks ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Universal Detection ◽  
Large Scale Screening

Glycophorin hybrids such as GP.Mur are common in Southeast Asians. In Taiwan, clinically significant alloantibodies to the GP.Mur phenotype are the most important issue in blood banks. A large-scale screening of glycophorin hybrids in the Taiwanese population is urgently needed to ensure transfusion safety. Four clones of human hybridomas that secrete anti-Mia, anti-MUT, and anti-Mur were established by fusing human B-lymphocytes and myeloma cells (JMS-3). The specificity of each monoclonal antibody (MoAb) was characterized. Three MoAbs were applied on an Automated Pretransfusion Blood Testing Analyzer (PK7300/PK7400) for donor screening. Genotyping was performed to determine the detailed subgrouping of glycophorin hybrids. Four MoAbs are IgM antibodies. Anti-Mia (377T) binds to 46DXHKRDTYA54, 48HKRDTYAAHT57 peptides, and anti-Mia (367T) binds to 43QTNDXHKRD51 peptides (X indicates T, M, or K). Anti-Mur is reactive with 49KRDTYPAHTA58 peptides. Anti-MUT is reactive with 47KHKRDTYA54. A total of 78,327 donors were screened using three MoAbs, and 3690 (4.71%) were GP.Mur, 20 (0.025%) were GP.Hut, and 18 (0.022%) were GP.Vw. When the Mia antigen was introduced as routine screening, the frequency of Mi(a+) among blood donors in Taiwan was 4.66% (67,348/1,444,541). Mia antigen was implemented as a routine blood testing, and the results were labeled on all red blood cell (RBC) units.

A Protocol for Sensitive Large-Scale Screening of Blood Donors for IgA Deficiency

Vox Sanguinis ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F. Hunt ◽  
D.L. Allen ◽  
D.L. Aries ◽  
J.J. Strange
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Iga Deficiency ◽  
Large Scale Screening

A Protocol for Sensitive Large-Scale Screening of Blood Donors for IgA Deficiency

Vox Sanguinis ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F. Hunt ◽  
D.L. Allen ◽  
D.L. Aries ◽  
J.J. Strange
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Iga Deficiency ◽  
Large Scale Screening

scholarly journals Seropositivity for anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies among blood donors of the "Hospital Universitário Regional do Norte do Paraná", Londrina, Brazil

1996 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna Maria Vissoci Reiche ◽  
Marta Mutsumi Zaha Inouye ◽  
Rubens Pontello ◽  
Helena Kaminami Morimoto ◽  
Shiduca Itow Jankevicius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Hemagglutination Assay ◽  
Immunological Tests ◽  
Blood Banks ◽  
Indirect Hemagglutination ◽  
The Town

The most frequent form of acquisition of Chagas' disease in endemic areas was the transmission through the feces of contaminated triatominae. However, special attention should be paid in urban areas to transmission by blood transfusion, justifying the compulsory screening of blood donors. Early investigations at blood banks in the town of Londrina, Brazil, demonstrated that the seroprevalence of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies among blood donors was approximately 7.0% in the fifties9,34. Further studies demonstrated pratically the same seroprevalence until the eighties4,32,41. In an attempt to obtain data about the real dimension of the seropositivity for anti-Trypasonoma cruzi antibodies in the region, the authors carried out a large-scale study on 45,774 serum samples from blood donors of the Hemocentro of Hospital Universitário Regional do Norte do Paraná (HURNP), Universidade Estadual de Londrina. The immunological tests were done at the Division of Clinical Immunology of HURNP from May 1990 to December 1994. The serum samples were studied by the indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA, using kits commercially obtained from EBRAM) and by indirect immunofluorescence (IFI, using kits from LIO SERUM) with anti-human IgG conjugate (LABORCLIN). The results demonstrated that 643 serum samples were positive in both assay corresponding to a seroprevalence of 1.4%, i.e., a significant decrease in anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies in the region in comparison with the previously mentioned rates. Data correlating sex and age of seropositive blood donors are presented, as well as the possible factors that may have contributed to the results observed.

Taiwan Regulation of Biobanks

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 816-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Te Fan ◽  
Tzu-Hsun Hung ◽  
Chan-Kun Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Northwest Pacific ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Taiwanese Population ◽  
Southeast Asians ◽  
Mainland Chinese ◽  
Taiwanese People ◽  
Living Area

Taiwan is an island country situated in the northwest Pacific, close to the southeast of China. The land area is about 36,000 square kilometers. The population of Taiwan is about 23 million, and it consists of the majority Han ethnic groups (it can be further divided into Ho-ló, Hakka, and Mainlander) and dozens of minority groups who are collectively called “Formosan,” an appellation for indigenous peoples in Taiwan. Formosans can be divided into Pingpu (plain-land indigenous peoples) and Gaoshan (mountain indigenous peoples) by their living area. In recent years, marriages between Taiwanese, Mainland Chinese, and Southeast Asians have increased significantly. Because of the genetic background of the Taiwanese people, it was thought to be highly beneficial for Taiwan to establish a biobank specifically designed for the Taiwanese population, as it would enable large-scale cohort studies to be carried out for common diseases occurring in Taiwan.

Training Aides to Screen Children for Speech and Language Problems

1976 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisue Pickering ◽  
William R. Dopheide
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Elementary School Age ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Language Problems ◽  
Competency Based ◽  
Large Scale Screening

This report deals with an effort to begin the process of effectively identifying children in rural areas with speech and language problems using existing school personnel. A two-day competency-based workshop for the purpose of training aides to conduct a large-scale screening of speech and language problems in elementary-school-age children is described. Training strategies, implementation, and evaluation procedures are discussed.

Gambling-like video game practices: A cross-sectional study of links with problem gambling and disordered gaming

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Zendle
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Video Gaming ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Streaming Services ◽  
Clinically Significant

A variety of practices have recently emerged which are related to both video games and gambling. Most prominent of these are loot boxes. However, a broad range of other activities have recently emerged which are also related to both gambling and video games: esports betting, real-money video gaming, token wagering, social casino play, and watching videos of both loot box opening and gambling on game streaming services like Twitch.Whilst a nascent body of research has established the robust existence of a relationship between loot box spending and both problem gambling and disordered gaming, little research exists which examines whether similar links may exist for the diverse practices outlined above. Furthermore, no research has thus far attempted to estimate the prevalence of these activities.A large-scale survey of a representative sample of UK adults (n=1081) was therefore conducted in order to investigate these issues. Engagement in all measured forms of gambling-like video game practices were significantly associated with both problem gambling and disordered gaming. An aggregate measure of engagement was associated with both these outcomes to a clinically significant degree (r=0.23 and r=0.43). Engagement in gambling-like video game practices appeared widespread, with a 95% confidence interval estimating that 16.3% – 20.9% of the population engaged in these activities at least once in the last year. Engagement in these practices was highly inter-correlated: Individuals who engaged in one practice were likely to engage in several more.Overall, these results suggest that the potential effects of the blurring of lines between video games and gambling should not primarily be understood to be due to the presence of loot boxes in video games. They suggest the existence of a convergent ecosystem of gambling-like video game practices, whose causal relationships with problem gambling and disordered gaming are currently unclear but must urgently be investigated.

Recent Progress in Machine Learning-based Prediction of Peptide Activity for Drug Discovery

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qihui Wu ◽  
Hanzhong Ke ◽  
Dongli Li ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Jiansong Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Anticancer Peptides ◽  
The Past ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Large Scale Screening

Over the past decades, peptide as a therapeutic candidate has received increasing attention in drug discovery, especially for antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), anticancer peptides (ACPs) and antiinflammatory peptides (AIPs). It is considered that the peptides can regulate various complex diseases which are previously untouchable. In recent years, the critical problem of antimicrobial resistance drives the pharmaceutical industry to look for new therapeutic agents. Compared to organic small drugs, peptide- based therapy exhibits high specificity and minimal toxicity. Thus, peptides are widely recruited in the design and discovery of new potent drugs. Currently, large-scale screening of peptide activity with traditional approaches is costly, time-consuming and labor-intensive. Hence, in silico methods, mainly machine learning approaches, for their accuracy and effectiveness, have been introduced to predict the peptide activity. In this review, we document the recent progress in machine learning-based prediction of peptides which will be of great benefit to the discovery of potential active AMPs, ACPs and AIPs.

scholarly journals Analytical Validation and Clinical Application of Rapid Serological Tests for SARS-CoV-2 Suitable for Large-Scale Screening

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 869
Author(s):  
Amedeo De Nicolò ◽  
Valeria Avataneo ◽  
Jessica Cusato ◽  
Alice Palermiti ◽  
Jacopo Mula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Analytical Validation ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Flow Test ◽  
Lateral Flow Test ◽  
Large Scale Screening

Recently, large-scale screening for COVID-19 has presented a major challenge, limiting timely countermeasures. Therefore, the application of suitable rapid serological tests could provide useful information, however, little evidence regarding their robustness is currently available. In this work, we evaluated and compared the analytical performance of a rapid lateral-flow test (LFA) and a fast semiquantitative fluorescent immunoassay (FIA) for anti-nucleocapsid (anti-NC) antibodies, with the reverse transcriptase real-time PCR assay as the reference. In 222 patients, LFA showed poor sensitivity (55.9%) within two weeks from PCR, while later testing was more reliable (sensitivity of 85.7% and specificity of 93.1%). Moreover, in a subset of 100 patients, FIA showed high sensitivity (89.1%) and specificity (94.1%) after two weeks from PCR. The coupled application for the screening of 183 patients showed satisfactory concordance (K = 0.858). In conclusion, rapid serological tests were largely not useful for early diagnosis, but they showed good performance in later stages of infection. These could be useful for back-tracing and/or to identify potentially immune subjects.

scholarly journals BonMOLière: Small-Sized Libraries of Readily Purchasable Compounds, Optimized to Produce Genuine Hits in Biological Screens across the Protein Space

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7773
Author(s):  
Neann Mathai ◽  
Conrad Stork ◽  
Johannes Kirchmair
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
Large Sets ◽  
Compound Libraries ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Protein Space ◽  
High Chance ◽  
Large Scale Screening ◽  
Early Drug ◽  
Selection Of

Experimental screening of large sets of compounds against macromolecular targets is a key strategy to identify novel bioactivities. However, large-scale screening requires substantial experimental resources and is time-consuming and challenging. Therefore, small to medium-sized compound libraries with a high chance of producing genuine hits on an arbitrary protein of interest would be of great value to fields related to early drug discovery, in particular biochemical and cell research. Here, we present a computational approach that incorporates drug-likeness, predicted bioactivities, biological space coverage, and target novelty, to generate optimized compound libraries with maximized chances of producing genuine hits for a wide range of proteins. The computational approach evaluates drug-likeness with a set of established rules, predicts bioactivities with a validated, similarity-based approach, and optimizes the composition of small sets of compounds towards maximum target coverage and novelty. We found that, in comparison to the random selection of compounds for a library, our approach generates substantially improved compound sets. Quantified as the “fitness” of compound libraries, the calculated improvements ranged from +60% (for a library of 15,000 compounds) to +184% (for a library of 1000 compounds). The best of the optimized compound libraries prepared in this work are available for download as a dataset bundle (“BonMOLière”).

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