scholarly journals Multiscale Entropy Analysis: Application to Cardio-Respiratory Coupling

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana M. Platiša ◽  
Nikola N. Radovanović ◽  
Aleksandar Kalauzi ◽  
Goran Milašinović ◽  
Siniša U. Pavlović
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Sinus Rhythm ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Coupled Systems ◽  
Multiscale Entropy ◽  
Rr Intervals ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Respiratory Signal ◽  
Physiological Systems

It is known that in pathological conditions, physiological systems develop changes in the multiscale properties of physiological signals. However, in real life, little is known about how changes in the function of one of the two coupled physiological systems induce changes in function of the other one, especially on their multiscale behavior. Hence, in this work we aimed to examine the complexity of cardio-respiratory coupled systems control using multiscale entropy (MSE) analysis of cardiac intervals MSE (RR), respiratory time series MSE (Resp), and synchrony of these rhythms by cross multiscale entropy (CMSE) analysis, in the heart failure (HF) patients and healthy subjects. We analyzed 20 min of synchronously recorded RR intervals and respiratory signal during relaxation in the supine position in 42 heart failure patients and 14 control healthy subjects. Heart failure group was divided into three subgroups, according to the RR interval time series characteristics (atrial fibrillation (HFAF), sinus rhythm (HFSin), and sinus rhythm with ventricular extrasystoles (HFVES)). Compared with healthy control subjects, alterations in respiratory signal properties were observed in patients from the HFSin and HFVES groups. Further, mean MSE curves of RR intervals and respiratory signal were not statistically different only in the HFSin group (p = 0.43). The level of synchrony between these time series was significantly higher in HFSin and HFVES patients than in control subjects and HFAF patients (p < 0.01). In conclusion, depending on the specific pathologies, primary alterations in the regularity of cardiac rhythm resulted in changes in the regularity of the respiratory rhythm, as well as in the level of their asynchrony.

Renal effects of brain natriuretic peptide in patients with congestive heart failure

1999 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaare T. JENSEN ◽  
Hans EISKJÆR ◽  
Jan CARSTENS ◽  
Erling B. PEDERSEN
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Brain Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Urinary Flow ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
And Control

The effect of a continuous infusion of human brain natriuretic peptide, 2 ;pmol·min-1·kg-1, during 60 ;min was studied in nine patients with congestive heart failure and in 10 healthy control subjects. Brain natriuretic peptide increased from 1.6 to 101 ;pmol/l in control subjects and from 25 to 173 ;pmol/l in congestive heart failure during infusion. Urinary sodium excretion increased significantly in both congestive heart failure (60%) and control subjects (71%), but the absolute increase was significantly lower in congestive heart failure (27 ;μmol/min) than in control subjects (190 ;μmol/min). Urinary flow rate did not change. The lithium clearance technique was used to evaluate the segmental tubular function; the distal fractional reabsorption of sodium decreased significantly less in congestive heart failure (DFRNa: -0.8%) than in control subjects (DFRNa: -3.7%). Baseline values for glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow were reduced in congestive heart failure, but brain natriuretic peptide induced no significant changes between congestive heart failure and control subjects. Brain natriuretic peptide induced the same absolute increase in secondary messenger cGMP in plasma and urine in both patients and healthy subjects. It is concluded that the natriuretic response to brain natriuretic peptide infusion was impaired in patients with congestive heart failure compared with healthy subjects, and it is likely that the impaired natriuretic response was caused by a reduced responsiveness in the distal part of the nephron.

scholarly journals Specificity of the effect of double fractures of the rhythmogram on the daily variability of the sinus rhythm in patients with pulmonary and arterial hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Sobolev ◽  
Galina V. Ryabykina ◽  
Elena Sh. Kozhemyakina
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Sinus Rhythm ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Rr Intervals ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Healthy Persons

Introduction. In contrast to coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure and a number of other diseases, in arterial and pulmonary hypertension, the deterioration of the functional state of the patient is often not accompanied by a decrease in the parameters of his sinus rhythm variability (SRV) for long periods of time. Moreover, an increase in age and an increase in blood pressure in patients with hypertension may lead not to a decrease, but to an increase in the parameters of daily SRV. It is noted that with hypertension on the sinus rhythm, the number of so-called double fractures of the rhythmogram (DFR) sequences of RR intervals short-long-short-long becomes greater, which can greatly affect the daily SRV. Aim. To study the specifics of the effect of DFR on daily SRV in arterial and pulmonary hypertension. Materials and methods. 300 Holter ECG records were analyzed, including 67 records of healthy persons, 20 records of CHD patients with CAG-confirmed vascular damage, 126 records of patients with arterial hypertension and 87 records of patients with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension. In the analysis of daily SRV, a modification of the SRV analysis method developed at the National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, taking into account the presence of DFR, was used. Results. It is shown that DFR reflects the processes of regulation of the sinus rhythm, which are affected differently by CHD and hypertension. In CHD, the frequency of DFR and its effect on the daily SRV significantly decreases (compared to the norm). With hypertension, the frequency of the appearance of DFR increases; there is a clear trend towards a decrease in SRV in comparison with the norm in the areas without DFR; in areas with DFR, this trend is less pronounced or absent, and at ages over 50 years, SRV increases. Conclusion. When studying the daily SRV of patients with arterial and idiopathic pulmonary hypertension, it is necessary to take into account the effect of DFR on the increase in SRV.

scholarly journals Multifractal Spectrum Curvature of RR Tachograms of Healthy People and Patients with Congestive Heart Failure, a New Tool to Assess Health Conditions

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María Aguilar-Molina ◽  
Fernando Angulo-Brown ◽  
Alejandro Muñoz-Diosdado
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
New York ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Multifractal Spectrum ◽  
Multifractal Spectra ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Healthy Persons

We calculate the multifractal spectra of heartbeat RR-interval time series (tachograms) of healthy subjects and patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). From these time series, we obtained new subseries of 6 h durations when healthy persons and patients were asleep and awake respectively. For each time series and subseries, we worked out the multifractal spectra with the Chhabra and Jensen method and found that their graphs have different shapes for CHF patients and healthy persons. We suggest to measure two parameters: the curvature around the maximum and the symmetry for all these multifractal spectra graphs, because these parameters were different for healthy and CHF subjects. Multifractal spectra of healthy subjects tend to be right skewed especially when the subjects are asleep and the curvature around the maximum is small compared with the curvature around the maximum of the CHF multifractal spectra; that is, the spectra of patients tend to be more pointed around the maximum. In CHF patients, we also have encountered differences in the curvature of the multifractal spectra depending on their respective New York Heart Association (NYHA) index.

scholarly journals Discrimination of the Healthy and Sick Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System by a New Wavelet Analysis of Heartbeat Intervals

Fractals ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ashkenazy ◽  
M. Lewkowicz ◽  
J. Levitan ◽  
H. Moelgaard ◽  
P. E. Bloch Thomsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Wavelet Coefficient ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Rr Intervals ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Rr Interval ◽  
Interval Time Series

We demonstrate that it is possible to distinguish with a complete certainty between healthy subjects and patients with various dysfunctions of the cardiac nervous system by way of multiresolutional wavelet transform of RR intervals. We repeated the study of Thurner et al. on different ensemble of subjects. We show that reconstructed series using a filter which discards wavelet coefficient related with higher scales enables one to classify individuals for which the method otherwise is inconclusive. We suggest a delimiting diagnostic value of the standard deviation of the filtered, reconstructed RR interval time series in the range of ~ 0.035 (for the above mentioned filter), below which individuals are at risk.

Tissue Plasminogen Activator Release in Chronic Venous Hypertension due to Heart Failure

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (03) ◽  
pp. 321-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Keber ◽  
Dušan Keber ◽  
Mojca Stegnar ◽  
Nina Vene
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Venous Hypertension ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen ◽  
Pai 1

SummaryIn order to study the effects of chronic venous hypertension due to heart failure on blood fibrinolytic activity, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) antigen, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) antigen, t-PA activity and PAI activity were measured before and after venous occlusion of the arm for 20 min in 15 patients with right-sided heart failure, 15 patients with left-sided heart failure, and 30 control healthy subjects. Central venous pressure, measured by observing the jugular veins, was above 15 cm of the blood column in all patients with right-sided heart failure, and normal (below 8 cm) in all patients with left-sided heart failure and control subjects. There was no difference in the basal concentrations of t-PA (11.0, 10.2 and 10.8 ng/ml; all values medians) and PAI-1 antigens and their activities between right and left-sided heart failure and the control subjects. After the occlusion, t-PA antigen increased significantly less in right-sided heart failure (28.6 ng/ml) than in left-sided heart failure and the control subjects (54.5 and 45.9 ng/ml, respectively). It was concluded that the poor increase in fibrinolytic activity that had already been reported in patients with heart failure, was due to low t-PA release during occlusion and not to a high basal PAI level. It was limited to the patients with right-sided heart failure and was probably the consequence of chronic systemic venous hypertension.

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