scholarly journals The Issues of the Air-Fuel Ratio in Exhaust Emissions Tests Carried Out on a Chassis Dynamometer

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2360
Author(s):  
Wojciech Gis ◽  
Sławomir Taubert
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Air ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Emission Measurement ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Chassis Dynamometer ◽  
Dilution Ratio ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Fuel Ratio ◽  
Percentage Difference ◽  
Sampling Systems

Vehicle exhaust emission tests use exhaust sampling systems that dilute the exhaust gas with ambient air. The dilution factor DF is calculated assuming that the combustion is complete, and that the engine is operated at a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio (AFR). These assumptions are not always met. This is especially true for diesel engines. This article discusses the tests to find out what the average lambda (λ) over the ARTEMIS, WLTC and NEDC driving cycles is and how this affects the result of the emission measurements. Measurements were carried out on a chassis dynamometer equipped with a standard emission measurement system used during the homologation. The λ was calculated using the Brettschneider equation. The dilution ratio DR was also determined by measuring the CO2 concentration in the raw exhaust gas. The CO2-tracer method used for this was modified. The median of the λ for a CI vehicle was 1.23–3.31, which makes the relative percentage difference between the DF and DR (DDF) in the range of 28–167%. For a SI vehicle homologated under the WLTP procedure, the median of the λ for the WLTC and ARTEMIS cycles was close to one and DDF for most cycles does not exceed 10%. In order to reduce the influence of the error of DF determination on the result of the emission measurement, it is recommended to use exhaust gas sampling systems that allow to determine the actual dilution ratio or to use the lowest possible dilution. The PAS-CVS system seems to be the most promising.

scholarly journals A Study on Characteristic Emission Factors of Exhaust Gas from Diesel Locomotives

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Kyeong Kim ◽  
Duckshin Park ◽  
Minjeong Kim ◽  
Jaeseok Heo ◽  
Sechan Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Emission Measurement ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Diesel Locomotive ◽  
Diesel Vehicles ◽  
Engine Power

Use of diesel locomotives in transport is gradually decreasing due to electrification and the introduction of high-speed electric rail. However, in Korea, up to 30% of the transportation of passengers and cargo still uses diesel locomotives and diesel vehicles. Many studies have shown that exhaust gas from diesel locomotives poses a threat to human health. This study examined the characteristics of particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbons in diesel locomotive engine exhaust. Emission concentrations were evaluated and compared with the existing regulations. In the case of PM and NOx, emission concentrations increased as engine output increased. High concentrations of CO were detected at engine start and acceleration, while hydrocarbons showed weakly increased concentrations regardless of engine power. Based on fuel consumption and engine power, the emission patterns of PM and gaseous substances observed in this study were slightly higher than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Tier standard and the Korean emission standard. Continuous monitoring and management of emissions from diesel locomotives are required to comply with emission standards. The findings of this study revealed that emission factors varied based on fuel consumption, engine power, and actual driving patterns. For the first time, a portable emission measurement system (PEMS), normally used to measure exhaust gas from diesel vehicles, was used to measure exhaust gas from diesel locomotives, and the data acquired were compared with previous results. This study is meaningful as the first example of measuring the exhaust gas concentration by connecting a PEMS to a diesel locomotive, and in the future, a study to measure driving characteristics and exhaust gas using a PEMS should be conducted.

scholarly journals Influence of the dilution factor on the uncertainty of the exhaust gas emission results obtained during testing on the chassis dynamometer

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 737-742
Author(s):  
Andrzej Szczotka ◽  
Bartosz Puchałka ◽  
Piotr Bielaczyc ◽  
Borys Adamiak
Keyword(s):  
Large Impact ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Chassis Dynamometer ◽  
Dilution Factor ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Test Vehicle ◽  
Emission Level ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emission

Exhaust emission measurements on the chassis dynamometer are one of the most important and most complex tests which are performed on vehicles powered by combustion engines. The sample and dilution system (CVS - Constant Volume Sampling) belongs to the most important parts of the exhaust emission laboratory, and has a large impact on the accuracy of the results obtained. In this paper, the influence of the dilution factor (i.e. parameter changed by means of the CVS system, depending on the emission level and engine displacement of the test vehicle) on the uncertainty of the exhaust gas emission results is analysed.

LATTICE BOLTZMANN SIMULATION ON FLOW WITH SOOT ACCUMULATION IN DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (04) ◽  
pp. 528-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAZUHIRO YAMAMOTO ◽  
SHINGO SATAKE ◽  
HIROSHI YAMASHITA ◽  
NAOKI TAKADA ◽  
MASAKI MISAWA
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Boltzmann ◽  
Diesel Particulate Filter ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Fluid Simulation ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Diesel Filter

Since diesel exhaust gas has more ambient air pollutants such as NOx and particulate matters (PM) including soot, the special treatment for exhaust emission standards is needed. Recently, a diesel particulate filter (DPF) has been developed to reduce PM in the after-treatment of exhaust gas. However, since the structure of the filter is small and complex, it is impossible to examine the phenomena inside the filter experimentally. In this study, we conduct fluid simulation in the diesel filter. We use the lattice Boltzmann method. The soot accumulation is considered to simulate the PM trap in the filter. For the wall-boundary in the simulation, the inner structure of the filter is obtained by a 3D-CT technique. Results show complex flow pattern in the diesel filter. Due to the soot accumulation, the velocity is changed and the pressure is increased. The pressure drop becomes larger as soot concentration at the inlet is higher.

Intelligent Control Algorithm for Vehicle Exhaust Emission

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wujun Ji ◽  
Bing Li
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Control ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Environmental Capacity ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Air Capacity

In order to effectively control the emission of vehicle exhaust, it is necessary to analyse and study the control algorithm of vehicle exhaust emission. When using the current algorithm to control the vehicle exhaust emission, it cannot accurately calculate the ambient air capacity of nitric oxide, hydrocarbons, particulate matter and do not have synergistic control effect. On the basis of mathematical analysis, an intelligent control algorithm for vehicle exhaust emission is proposed. International Vehicle Emissions (IVE) model is used to calculate the emission of pollutants in the running and starting stages of the vehicle, so as to improve the precision of the vehicle exhaust emission. The box model and road traffic model are used to accurately calculate the atmospheric environmental capacity and analyse the pollutant emission reduction based on the calculation results. Through the PID control algorithm, the control of vehicle exhaust is completed and the synergistic control effect of the method is improved.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PENANGANAN EMISI GAS BUANG DI KABUPATEN BANDUNG

Responsive ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Ade Ridwan ◽  
Heru Nurasa ◽  
Mas Halimah
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Emission Testing ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emission ◽  
Motorized Vehicles

Pelaksanaan pengujian emisi gas buang pada kendaraan bermotor diperoleh gejala-gejala berdasarkan observasi bahwa pelaksanaan uji emisi gas buang di Kabupaten Bandung sangat jarang dilakukan, banyaknya kendaraan bermotor jika diamati mengeluarkan asap dari knalpotnya yang menandakan tingginya pencemaran udara, dan uji emisi gas buang hanya dilaksanakan pada kendaraan tertentu khususnya berkaitan dengan emisi gas buang yang sudah memasukkan prosedur pengujian emisi gas buang kendaraan. Berdasarkan fenomena tersebut, tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis dan mengetahui  implementasi kebijakan penanganan emisi gas buang yang dilakukan Dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten Bandung. Teori yang digunakan sebagai pedoman penelitian adalah teori implementasi kebijakan. Sesuai dengan karakteristik penelitian, pendekatan penelitian ini menggunakan studi metode penelitian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif objek penelitian di dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten Bandung , adapun pengumpulan data dilakukan adalah studi kepustakaan dan studi lapangan seperti observasi dan wawancara. Sementara pengumpulan data sekunder dilakukan pengolahan literatur, dokumen,  perundang-undangan serta hasil penelitian terdahulu. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah triangulasi data hasil wawancara serta membandingkan wawancara dengan isi dokumen yang berkaitan.  The implementation of exhaust emission testing in motorized vehicles shows symptoms based on the observation that the implementation of exhaust emission tests in Bandung Regency is very rarely carried out, the number of motorized vehicles that when observed emits smoke from their exhausts which indicates high air pollution, and exhaust emission tests are only carried out in certain vehicles, in particular with regard to exhaust gas emissions that have included the vehicle exhaust emission testing procedure.Based on this phenomenon, the purpose of this study is to analyze and determine the implementation of exhaust gas emission management policies carried out by the Bandung Regency Transportation Agency. The theory used as a research guide is the theory of policy implementation. In accordance with the characteristics of the research, this research approach uses qualitative research methods with descriptive design, while data collection is carried out in the form of library research and field studies such as observations and interviews. Meanwhile, secondary data collection is carried out by processing literature, documents, legislation and the results of previous research. The data analysis used was triangulation of interview data and comparing interviews with the contents of related documents

Motor Vehicle Exhaust Gas Suicide in Victoria, Australia 1998-2002

Crisis ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Brennan ◽  
Virginia Routley ◽  
Joan Ozanne-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Previous Level ◽  
Vehicle Fleet ◽  
Low Rate

Motor vehicle exhaust gas suicide (MVEGS) is the second most frequent method of suicide in Victoria, Australia. It is a highly lethal method of suicide with 1.5 deaths for every hospital admission. Australian regulations require all vehicles manufactured since 1998 to have a maximum carbon monoxide exhaust emission level of 2.1 g/km, reduced from the previous level of 9.6 g/km. Information surrounding all Victorian MVEGS between 1998-2002 was analyzed to determine whether suicides occurred in vehicles with the lower emission levels. Between 1998-2002, 607 suicides by this means were recorded while just 393 hospital admissions were recorded for the same period. Mean carboxyhaemoglobin levels were significantly lower in fatalities using vehicles manufactured from 1998, however suicide still occurred in these vehicles (n = 25). The extent to which the new regulations contributed to the relatively low rate of suicide in vehicles less than 5 years old compared to their frequency in the fleet remains unknown. Based on international experience and the age of the Victorian vehicle fleet, it may take well over a decade until substantial decreases in MVEGS are observed in the absence of active preventive measures.

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