scholarly journals Comparative Dynamics of Above-Ground Litter Production and Decomposition from Eucalyptus Grandis Hill ex Maiden and Pinus Taeda L., and Their Contribution to Soil Organic Carbon

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Andrés Baietto ◽  
Jorge Hernández ◽  
Amabelia del Pino
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Isotopic Analysis ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
First Year ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

The replacement of native pasture by exotic commercial forest species is an infrequent situation worldwide. In these systems, a new component is introduced, forest litter, which constitutes one of the main ways of incorporating carbon into the soil–plant system. The present work seeks to establish a methodological approach to study the dynamics of litter production and decomposition in an integrated way. The general objective was to characterize and compare the litter production dynamics in 14-year-old Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden and Pinus taeda L. commercial plantations. During two years, seasonal evaluations of fall, decomposition and accumulation of litter were carried out in stands of both species. In turn, the contribution of carbon from forest species to the soil through isotopic analysis techniques was quantified. Litterfall in E. grandis showed maximums during the spring of the first year and in the spring and summer of the second. In P. taeda, the maximums occurred in summer of the first year and in autumn of the second. In relation to the decomposition rate, the results based on short periods of evaluation between 15 and 21 months did not show differences between species, nor for the different moments of beginning of the evaluation, obtaining average values of 0.0369 month−1 for E. grandis and 0.0357 month−1 for P. taeda. In turn, both the decomposition rate of the material as a whole and the estimates of accumulated biomass in equilibrium state did not show significant differences between the species. Additionally, there was a relevant incorporation of carbon into the soil by forest species, fundamentally in the first few centimeters, substituting an important proportion of the carbon inherited by the original cover of native pastures. Finally, it is necessary to specify that the scope of the findings obtained is greatly limited by the sample size used in this study.

scholarly journals Comparative Dynamics of Nutrient Release through Litter Decomposition in Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden and Pinus taeda L. Stands

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1227
Author(s):  
Andrés Baietto ◽  
Andrés Hirigoyen ◽  
Jorge Hernández ◽  
Amabelia del Pino
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Native Pastures ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

The installation of commercial stands with exotic forest species on low fertility soils originally covered by native pastures is an unusual situation worldwide. In recent years, the area occupied by forest systems designed for pulp or wood production with immediate replanting has increased strongly in the Pampean region of South America. In this context, the study of nutrient recycling from forest litter decomposition acquires particular relevance. This work seeks to evaluate and compare the nutrient release from the decomposition of forest litter produced by 14-year-old Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden and Pinus taeda L. stands and test the applicability of a new sampling methodology in the nutrient recycling assessment. For two years, the evaluation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn dynamics during litter decomposition was carried out. In general, K concentration decreased through decomposition, meanwhile, all other nutrients showed some degree of immobilization, but this was counteracted by biomass loss for most of them. This mainly resulted in net nutrient release from litter. A higher release rate of all nutrients from P. taeda forest litter compared to E. grandis, with the exception of Mn, was verified. Fe immobilization was observed in both species showing a higher immobilization rate in E. grandis compared to P. taeda. Finally, Zn exhibited immobilization processes in E. grandis and releases in P. taeda. This might suggest higher temporal and quantitative availability of nutrients in P. taeda, due their faster return to the soil. These findings could be relevant in the development of models for sustainable management, adapting the demand for nutrients to the supply during forest rotations.

Boron Deficiency in a Southern Pine Nursery

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Stone ◽  
C. A. Hollis ◽  
E. L. Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
First Year ◽  
Normal Height ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Boron deficiency in seedling loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliotti Engelm.) in a northern Florida nursery was diagnosed by: (1) characteristic damage to shoot tips and buds, including necrosis of only part of the terminal; and (2) boron concentrations as low as only 1.9 ppm (dry weight) in affected tissues. Soil and soil-management features associated with deficiency include extremely low silt and clay contents, organic matter levels of 1 percent or less, lack of boron addition, and high calcium irrigation water leading to soil reactions above pH 6 by late summer. Consequences of deficiency were not limited to the nursery. Damaged seedlings that survived outplanting developed into bushy plants incapable of normal height growth in the first year or two.

scholarly journals Population Dynamics of Acromyrmex crassispinus (Forel) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Attacks on Pinus taeda Linnaeus (Pinaceae) plantations

Sociobiology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Aparecida Nickele ◽  
Wilson Reis Filho
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
First Year ◽  
Nest Density ◽  
Nuptial Flight ◽  
The Third ◽  
Leaf Cutting ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

This work aimed to study the population dynamics of Acromyrmex crassispinus (Forel) in Pinus taeda L. plantations, evaluating the density and spatial distribution of nests over time, inferring about the period of the first nuptial flight of A. crassispinus colonies, and evaluating the levels of attack of this leaf-cutting ant on P. taeda plants. Assessments were performed monthly in the first year after planting, every three months until the third year and every six months until the plantation was six years old. The presence of nests was observed only after 15 months after planting. The nest density gradually increased until the planting completed 30 months, and decreased when the forest canopy began to close (after 54 months). Spatial distribution of A. crassispinus nests was random. Probably, the first nuptial flight of an A. crassispinus colony occurs after the third year of the colony foundation. Pinus taeda plants were not attacked by A. crassispinus throughout the evaluation period. Then, when dealing with a replanting area of Pinus plantation, where the previous forest has not been subject to pruning nor thinning, the problem with A. crassispinus is almost null if the clearcutting and the new planting occur during the winter. In this case, leaf-cutting ants control can be alleviated and it is not necessary to carry out systematic control of ants where A. crassispinus is the predominant leaf cutting ant species. Acromyrmex crassispinus control should be done only if nests are located or if attacked plants by ants are detected.

scholarly journals EFEITO DA TERMORRETIFICAÇÃO NAS PROPRIEDADES MECÂNICAS DAS MADEIRAS DE Pinus taeda E Eucalyptus grandis

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Soares Modes ◽  
Elio José Santini ◽  
Magnos Alan Vivian ◽  
Clovis Roberto Haselein
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

A presente pesquisa objetivou investigar o efeito da técnica de retificação térmica, empregada sob duas condições de tratamento, nas propriedades mecânicas das madeiras de Pinus taeda L. e Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden. De cada espécie foram amostradas três árvores com 25 anos e, de cada uma, retirada a primeira tora com 2 m de comprimento da qual foi obtida duas pranchas de dimensão 7,0 x 20,0 cm (espessura x largura, respectivamente) diametralmente opostas e destas confeccionados 30 corpos de prova para cada tratamento. No primeiro deles, denominado combinado, as madeiras foram submetidas à termorretificação em autoclave a 130/±3°C e pressão de 2 kgf/cm², por 3 horas e, após um período de condicionamento, submetidas ao calor em estufa elétrica a 160/±1°C, pelo mesmo período. O segundo tratamento consistiu apenas na termorretificação em estufa. Avaliaram-se ainda peças de madeira sem tratamento (testemunha). As propriedades mecânicas foram avaliadas por meio dos ensaios para determinação dos módulos de elasticidade e ruptura em flexão estática, resistência máxima à compressão paralela à grã e dureza Janka, conforme norma ASTM D 143 (1995), e resistência ao impacto, conforme norma ABNT NBR 7190 (1997). Para a madeira de Pinus taeda, observou-se que o tratamento em estufa forneceu os piores resultados, tanto em função da redução nos valores de carga suportada de um maior número de propriedades mecânicas avaliadas, como em relação aos menores incrementos na resistência quando observado um aumento das mesmas atribuídas ao tratamento térmico. Na madeira de Eucalyptus grandis, o tratamento combinado reduziu um maior número de propriedades mecânicas da madeira. 

scholarly journals Early Pine Response to Control of Herbaceous and Shrub Vegetation in the Flatwoods

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight K. Lauer ◽  
Glenn R. Glover
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Shrub Cover ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Long Term Impact

Abstract Herbicide treatments were used at four flatwood locations in north Florida and south Georgia to compare early pine response to control of herbaceous and shrub vegetation following bedding. Treatments consisted of three levels of shrub control (none, first year, repeated) with and without first year herbaceous vegetation control. All studies were located on spodosols planted with either loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) or slash (Pinus elliottii Englem.) pine. Responses due to shrub control were about twice that of herbaceous control with height responses of 2.2, 5.0, and 6.9 ft due to first year herbaceous control, shrub control, and the combination of both herbaceous and shrub control, respectively. Pine response did not differ due to duration of shrub control because the difference in shrub cover between first year and repeated shrub control treatments was minor in these young stands. Pines averaged 18.3 ft in height and 3.2 in. in dbh 5 yr after planting when both herbaceous and shrub vegetation was controlled with these operational-like site preparation treatments that combine bedding with first year herbicide applications. Shrub occupancy was highest on treatments that did not include shrub control and continued to increase through the first 5 yr. Operational site-preparation treatments that combine bedding with herbicide applications should be considered in situations where shrub vegetation is present because of the long-term impact that shrubs have on pine yield. South. J. Appl. For. 15(4):201-208.

scholarly journals A Southwide Rate Test of Azinphosmethyl (Guthion®) for Cone and Seed Insect Control in Loblolly Pine Seed Orchards

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
A.C. Mangini ◽  
L.R. Barber ◽  
R.S. Cameron ◽  
G.L. DeBarr ◽  
G.R. Hodge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Insect Control ◽  
First Year ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Rate Test ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract A southwide efficacy test of reduced rates of azinphosmethyl (Guthion®) for control of seed and cone insects in loblolly pine seed orchards was conducted in 1992. In each of nine loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seed orchards, an untreated (no protection) check and two of five possible rates of Guthion® (1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, or 3.0 lb ai/ac/application) were randomly assigned to three test plots. Insecticide treatments improved first-year conelet survival, second-year cone survival, sound seeds per cone, and sound seeds per conelet at nearly every rate. There was no trend of better protection with increasing rates of Guthion®. The 1.0 lb ai/ac rate was as efficacious as the EPA-registered maximum aerial rate of 3.0 lb ai/ac. Based on these results, orchard managers should consider reduced rates of Guthion® for operational cone and seed insect control programs. South. J. Appl. For. 22(2):106-110.

Effect of Some Seedling Morphology and Planting Quality Variables on Seedling Survival in the Georgia Piedmont

1990 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry D. Shiver ◽  
Bruce E. Borders ◽  
Henry H. Page ◽  
Steven M. Raper
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
First Year ◽  
Seedling Morphology ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Georgia Piedmont ◽  
Root Collar

Abstract A seedling survival study for site-prepared loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations, consisting of 43 locations, was established during two planting seasons in 1986-87 in the Georgia Piedmont. Seedlings with top lengths less than 15 cm and with root collar diameters less than 2.5 mm survived significantly worse than larger seedlings, but such small seedlings comprised less than 2% of seedlings bagged and planted in the study. Culling in the field to eliminate such a small percentage of seedlings in addition to culling already done at the nursery is probably not worth the expense from a survival standpoint. Terminal bud condition was not related to survival. Seedlings planted deeper than root collar diameter survived the same as seedlings planted at root collar depth, but shallow planted seedlings had significantly poorer survival. Very loosely planted seedlings were more likely to die than firmly planted seedlings, but slightly loose seedlings survived as well as tightly planted seedlings. Differences between operationally planted and experimentally planted plots indicated that an average 10% increase in survival was possible from close planting crew supervision. Over 90% of first-year mortality occurred on both operationally and experimentally planted plots by the end of July. South. J. Appl. For. 14(3):109-114.

scholarly journals INFLUÊNCIA DA TERMORRETIFICAÇÃO NA RESISTÊNCIA A DEGRADAÇÃO BIOLÓGICA DAS MADEIRAS DE Pinus taeda E Eucalyptus grandis

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Soares Modes ◽  
Elio José Santini ◽  
Magnos Alan Vivian ◽  
Alencar Garlet
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Trametes Versicolor ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Gloeophyllum Trabeum ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

A presente pesquisa objetivou investigar o efeito de duas técnicas de termorretificação nas propriedades biológicas das madeiras de Pinus taeda L. e Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden, comparando-as com os resultados obtidos para a madeira sem tratamento. De cada espécie foram amostradas três árvores com 25 anos, das quais se extraiu uma prancha central a altura do DAP para confecção de corpos de prova que foram submetidos aos tratamentos térmicos para, posteriormente, ser transformados em peças de 2,5 x 2,5 x 0,9 cm. No primeiro tratamento, as madeiras foram submetidas à termorretificação em autoclave a 130 ± 3°C e pressão de 2 kgf/cm², por 3 horas e, após um período de condicionamento, submetidas ao calor em estufa elétrica a 160 ± 1°C pelo mesmo período. O segundo tratamento consistiu apenas da termorretificação em estufa. A resistência ao ataque biológico foi avaliada por meio de ensaio de apodrecimento acelerado em laboratório, utilizando um fungo de podridão-branca, Trametes versicolor (Linnaeus ex Fries) Pilat, e outro de podridão-parda Gloeophyllum trabeum (Persoon. ex Fries) Murr. O tratamento associado da autoclave com a estufa elétrica favoreceu o apodrecimento de ambas as espécies de madeira aos fungos empregados, com exceção da madeira de Pinus taeda submetida ao Trametes versicolor, enquanto o tratamento em estufa forneceu um aumento da resistência biológica da madeira de Pinus taeda ao Trametes versicolor e da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis ao fungo Gloeophyllum trabeum. De maneira geral, conclui-se que o tratamento em estufa resultou em peças de madeira mais resistentes à degradação biológica e em menor perda de massa em comparação com o tratamento associado da autoclave com a estufa quando verificada a ineficácia da técnica de termorretificação, ao passo que este último quando aplicado a ambas as espécies resultou em um aumento na propensão das mesmas à degradação biológica.

scholarly journals The Effects of Fertilization on Soil Respiration in 2-Year-Old Pinus taeda L. Clones

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Tyree ◽  
John R. Seiler ◽  
Thomas R. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
First Year ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Fertilization is a common, cost-effective method to increase productivity of managed forests in the southeastern United States; however, little is known about how fertilization will affect the processes that drive total soil CO2 efflux (F S) and ultimately net ecosystem productivity (NEP). The objective of this research was to intensively monitor the response of F S, and its respiratory components during the first year after N and P fertilization in Pinus taeda clones. We monitored F S, heterotrophic respiration (R H), and specific root respiration (R R) and found that F S in fertilized plots differed significantly (P < 0.0001) from that in unfertilized plots, but the direction of this effect was dependent on date. Additionally, R H was consistently lower (P = 0.0001) in fertilized plots relative to control plots, but the magnitude was dependent on the sampling date, and R R significantly (P = 0.04) increased in fertilized plots (+20%) when averaged over the study. Increased R R and decreased R H were probably offsetting each other, resulting in no overall difference in F S 1 year after fertilization. If these short-term trends persisted over the rotation of the stand, increased gross primary productivity accompanied by no change or even a decrease in soil C evolution could result in increased NEP.

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