scholarly journals High Level of Phenotypic Differentiation of Common Yew (Taxus baccata L.) Populations in the North-Western Part of the Balkan Peninsula

Forests ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Katarina Tumpa ◽  
Zlatko Liber ◽  
Zlatko Šatović ◽  
Jasnica Medak ◽  
Marilena Idžojtić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Taxus Baccata ◽  
The North ◽  
North Western

Common or English yew (Taxus baccata L., Taxaceae) is a conifer species, native to Europe, northern Africa, Asia Minor and Caucasus. It is a dioecious, wind-pollinated and animal-dispersed tree, known for its high-quality wood and medicinal properties, albeit poisonous. The species is rare and has been legally protected at the European and national levels. In addition, its low population density and disjunct character of distribution have reinforced the need for its protection as regeneration is mostly lacking. The aim of this study was to phenotypically characterise the north-western Balkan yew populations. Phenotypic diversity was examined for seven populations, using morphometric analysis of nine phenotypic traits of needles. Descriptive and multivariate statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the inter- and intrapopulation variability. In addition, to test correlations between geographic, climatic and phenotypic data, Mantel test was used. We identified a geographic structure across studied populations that exhibited high levels of variability on intra- and interpopulation levels. Two groups of populations have been defined and are consistent with previously described genetic divergent lineages from separate refugia. In addition, a significant correlation between phenotypic and geographic data were revealed, i.e., isolation by distance (IBD). However, the Mantel test revealed no significant correlation between morphometric and environmental data. In conclusion, our data reveal that the historical events and persistent IBD acted in combination to produce the morphological patterns observed in common yew populations in the north-western part of the Balkan Peninsula. Finally, we suggested conservation measures to be implemented on a stand level, with habitat preservation as the main goal. In addition, ex situ conservation should be considered, both in the form of collections and urban planting, as both provide additional gene pool reserves.

scholarly journals Morphometric and genetic differentiation among populations of Eupemphix nattereri (Amphibia, Anura, Leiuperidae) from central Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela de M. e Silva ◽  
Aparecido D. da Cruz ◽  
Rogério P. Bastos ◽  
Mariana P. de C. Telles ◽  
José Alexandre F. Diniz-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Population Divergence ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Geographical Populations ◽  
Geographical Distances ◽  
The Relationship

To assess genetic structure and phenotypic diversity of Eupemphix nattereri Steindachner, 1863, morphometric and molecular analyses were carried out for nine populations from the State of Goiás. A total of 11 morphometric traits were evaluated and genetic information was estimated using RAPD markers. Genetic and phenotypic distances were determined as a function of geographical origin. Correlation among genetic, morphometric, micro, and macroenviromental were analyzed by the Mantel test. Genetic data indicated high levels of genetic diversity (Φst= 0.3) among the nine populations. Mantel tests did not reveal a significant positive correlation between genetic and geographical distances, indicating that locally geographical populations were not genetically similar, even in distances smaller than 50 km. Discriminant analysis on 11 morphometric measurements showed a high divergence among the nine populations. However, a marginally significant correlation (P=0.08) between genetic and morphometric distances was found. The observed correlation was not causal in terms of the relationship between phenotype and genotype, but indicated common spatial structures. Thus, our results suggest that isolation-by-distance processes may explain population divergence in Eupemphix nattereri.

scholarly journals Phenotypic diversity and plasticity index of Eurycoma apiculata populations in Eastern Sumatra, Indonesia based on leaves morphology

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulfahmi Zulfahmi ◽  
Edi Purwanto ◽  
Parjanto ◽  
Ahmad Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Plasticity Index ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Differentiation ◽  
Riau Archipelago ◽  
Conservation Method

Abstract. Zulfahmi, Purwanto E, Parjanto, Yunus A. 2020. Phenotypic diversity and plasticity index of Eurycoma apiculata populations in Eastern Sumatra, Indonesia based on leaves morphology. Biodiversitas 21: 2923-2934. Eurycoma apiculata A.W. Benn. is a protected species in Indonesia, but diversity information of this species is limited. The objective of this study was to assess the phenotypic diversity, phenotypic plasticity index, and phenotypic differentiation among populations of E. apiculata in Eastern Sumatra, Indonesia based on leaves morphology. A total of 45 traits were measured on leaves from six populations studied. The result of this found that the phenotypic variation coefficient (CV) of the characters was ranged from 7.41% to 36.97%, revealed the abundant phenotypic variation in the species. The phenotypic CV values of the population varied from 13.95% to 24.10%. The CV values of all populations from the mainland Sumatra (17.75%) were lower than that from the Riau archipelago (23.61%), which revealed that phenotypic traits in mainland Sumatra were more stable compared to populations in the Riau archipelago. The population phenotypic plasticity index value of populations ranged from 0.41 to 0.51, and it was classified as a moderate level. The phenotypic differentiation coefficient among populations in this study was relatively low (VST = 21.06%), indicating a lower phenotypic variation among populations than within populations. The scatter plot of principal component analysis and UPGMA dendrogram divided the six populations studies into two groups. The findings of this study recommend that the in-situ conservation method is an effective protection strategy for E. apiculata while ex-situ conservation method can be implemented as a supplementary method.

Impacts of spatial scales of fisheries and environmental data on catch per unit effort standardisation

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siquan Tian ◽  
Yong Chen ◽  
Xinjun Chen ◽  
Liuxiong Xu ◽  
Xiaojie Dai
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
The North ◽  
Unit Effort ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
North Western

Spatial scale is an important factor that needs to be considered in data collection and analysis in ecological studies. Studies focusing on the quantitative evaluation of impacts of spatial scales are, however, limited in fisheries. Using the Chinese squid-jigging fishery in the north-western Pacific Ocean as an example, we evaluated impacts of spatial scale used in grouping fisheries and environmental data on the standardisation of fisheries catch per unit effort (CPUE). We developed 18 scenarios of different spatial scales with a combination of three latitudinal levels (0.5°, 1° and 2°) and six longitudinal levels (0.5°, 1°, 2°, 3°, 4° and 5°) to aggregate the data. We then applied generalised additive models to analyse the 18 scenarios of data for the CPUE standardisation, and quantified differences among the scenarios. This study shows that longitudinal and latitudinal spatial scale and size of the spatial area for data aggregation can greatly influence the standardisation of CPUE. We recommend that similar studies be undertaken whenever possible to evaluate the roles of spatial scales and to identify the optimal spatial scale for data aggregations in the standardisation of CPUE and fisheries stock assessment.

scholarly journals Assessing the Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of a Tunisian Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Collection Using Phenotypic Traits and SSR Molecular Markers

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1121
Author(s):  
Hela Chikh-Rouhou ◽  
Najla Mezghani ◽  
Sameh Mnasri ◽  
Neila Mezghani ◽  
Ana Garcés-Claver
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure

The assessment of genetic diversity and structure of a gene pool is a prerequisite for efficient organization, conservation, and utilization for crop improvement. This study evaluated the genetic diversity and population structure of 24 Tunisian melon accessions, by using 24 phenotypic traits and eight microsatellite (SSR) markers. A considerable phenotypic diversity among accessions was observed for many characters including those related to agronomical performance. All the microsatellites were polymorphic and detected 30 distinct alleles with a moderate (0.43) polymorphic information content. Shannon’s diversity index (0.82) showed a high degree of polymorphism between melon genotypes. The observed heterozygosity (0.10) was less than the expected heterozygosity (0.12), displaying a deficit in heterozygosity because of selection pressure. Molecular clustering and structure analyses based on SSRs separated melon accessions into fivegroups and showed an intermixed genetic structure between landraces and breeding lines belonging to the different botanical groups. Phenotypic clustering separated the accessions into two main clusters belonging to sweet and non-sweet melon; however, a more precise clustering among inodorus, cantalupensis, and reticulatus subgroups was obtained using combined phenotypic–molecular data. The discordance between phenotypic and molecular data was confirmed by a negative correlation (r = −0.16, p = 0.06) as revealed by the Mantel test. Despite these differences, both markers provided important information about the diversity of the melon germplasm, allowing the correct use of these accessions in future breeding programs. Together they provide a powerful tool for future agricultural and conservation tasks.

scholarly journals Efficient propagation of an endangered medicinal plant Jurinea dolomiaea Boiss in the North Western Himalaya using rhizome cuttings under ex situ conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 114-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banday Asma ◽  
Ahmad Nawchoo Irshad ◽  
Ahmad Kaloo Zahoor ◽  
Arshid Shabir Peerzada ◽  
Abbas Rather Ali
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
The North ◽  
Endangered Medicinal Plant ◽  
North Western

scholarly journals The distribution and status of Sage Skipper Muschampia proto (Ochsenheimer, 1808) (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae) at the limit of its range in the north-western Balkans

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 211-220
Author(s):  
Toni Koren ◽  
Matea Martinović ◽  
Dubravko Dender
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Limited Distribution ◽  
The North ◽  
Literature Overview ◽  
The Status ◽  
North Western ◽  
Single Locality

We analysed the status and distribution of the Sage Skipper Muschampia proto (Ochsenheimer, 1808), a rather rare and local Hesperiidae species at the edge of its range in the north-western part of the Balkan peninsula, mainly Croatia and Bosnia & Herzegovina. In order to determine the species’ presence in the region, we mapped the occurrence of its hostplant, Jerusalem Sage Phlomis fruticosa Linnaeus (Lamiaceae). We also summarized all the available knowledge on M. proto in the Balkan Peninsula and provided a literature overview for each country this species has been recorded in so far. In Croatia, the distribution of M. proto is very limited and is located only in the wider surroundings of Dubrovnik city. In the present paper, we also provide the first and only record of M. proto in Bosnia & Herzegovina, from a single locality close to the Croatian border in the Dubrovnik area. Due to its limited distribution in both countries, we propose that the conservation status of the species should be changed from none to vulnerable.

scholarly journals Mesophilous Quercus frainetto Dominated Forests from Western Balkans

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-110
Author(s):  
Vladimir Stupar
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
The North ◽  
Quercus Frainetto ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
New Association ◽  
North Western

Hungarian oak (Quercus frainetto) has dominant or co-dominant role in many thermophilous deciduous forest communities in the Balkan Peninsula. However, recent field research in the north-western margin of its range has revealed that some stands have a pronounced mesophilous character, which was also supported by data from the literature. This paper aims to analyze this mesophilous community of Hungarian oak which is found in north-western Serbia, north-eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) and eastern Croatia. Numerical analysis, which included classification and ordination of all 474 available relevés of Hungarian oak forests from the western and central Balkans, along with the 43 relevés of mesophilous forests of oak-hornbeam from B&H, have shown that 83 mesophilous Hungarian oak relevés are floristically and ecologically more similar to mesophilous forests of sessile oak-hornbeam (Erythronio-Carpinion) than to xero-thermophilous forests of Qeurcion confertae. The new association Carpino betuli-Quercetum frainetto ass. nova hoc loco was described, floristically and ecologically characterized and assigned to mesophilous oak-hornbeam forests of Erythronio-Carpinion. The study also discusses the syntaxonomical issues of Quercion confertae and its central association Quercetum frainetto-cerridis, considering the problem of the lack of good diagnostic species for both syntaxa, and introduces possible ways of dealing with these issues.

scholarly journals Settlements of the Amnya Cultural Type in the Context of the Early Neolithic of North-Western Siberia

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 94-108
Author(s):  
Ekaterina N. Dubovtseva ◽  
Lyubov L. Kosinskaya ◽  
Henny Piezonka ◽  
Nataliia M. Chairkina
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
The North ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The Hill ◽  
North Western

Purpose. The Stone Age settlement of Amnya I in North-Western Siberia represents the northernmost hunter-gatherer-fisher fort in Eurasia. Dating back to the beginning of the 6th millennium BC, this unique site enables the study of key innovations of the Neolithization process in the taiga zone, such as defensive structures, early pottery, and an increase in polished tools including arrowheads. Results. The Amnya cultural type also includes the nearby Kirip-Vis-Yugan-2 settlement, which shows close similarities with Amnya I in material culture however lacks fortifications. To follow up open questions, work on Amnya type sites was resumed in 2019. Plans of the sites, their layout and stratigraphy were clarified, and first palaeo-environmental data was received. Radiocarbon dating of stratified contexts at Amnya I confirmed its Early Neolithic age. The settlement of Amnya II located just 50 m east of the fortifications was also dated. Originally attributed to later, Eneolithic times, the two new AMS dates date back to the beginning of the 6th millennium BC, indicating that Amnya I and II existed broadly contemporaneously. Palaeoenvironmental studies based on drillings in the adjacent peat bog show that at the time of settlement at Amnya I and II open water existed on the south of the hill fort, and the Amnya River was flowing on the north side. Thus, this place was comfortable for living and provided good conditions for fishing. Botanical macro-remains from cultural layers at Amnya I show that during the existence of the settlement, along with pine, deciduous trees – birch and alder, have grown in the area of the site, indicating a warmer climate, compared to current conditions. Conclusion. The studied archaeological settlements show the case of Neolithic innovations which testify to formation of special social structures and, most likely, appearance of the new population in the taiga zone of Western Siberia at the turn of 7th – 6th millennium BC.

scholarly journals GENETIC DIVERSITY OF Agave cupreata TREL. & BERGER. CONSIDERATIONS FOR ITS CONSERVATION

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Alejandro Martínez-Palacios ◽  
Juan M. Gómez-Sierra ◽  
Cuauhtémoc Sáenz-Romero ◽  
Nidia Pérez-Nasser ◽  
Nahúm Sánchez-Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Conservation Units

Agave cupreata Trel. & Berger is an endemic plant naturally distributed in the Balsas Depression, a semiarid region in the states of Guerrero and Michoacán in Southwestern México. Their populations are heavily decimated because mature individuals just before their single life flowering period are harvested to produce mezcal, an alcoholic beverage. The genetic variation among and within 12 natural populations was examined for nine isozyme loci. Results indicate high average proportion of polymorphic loci (93 %) and expected heterozygosity (He = 0.467), with an excess of observed heterozygotes in relation to Hardy-Weinberg expectations (Ho = 0.521, FIS = -0.1179). These results represent the largest heterozygosity reported for Agave species endemic to México. There is also a statistically significant genetic differentiation among populations (FST = 0.042). An UPGMA dendrogram reveals the absence of a geographic pattern, as confi rmed by a Mantel test (r = -0.110, P = 0.769), which did not show significant isolation by distance. Estimated minimum viable effective population size was very large (Ne =16,165), larger than in any other known natural population. To protect the natural genetic variation, it is suggested to design and manage A. cupreata natural populations as forest genetic resource conservation units (FGRCUs) using realistic and modest Ne sizes, perhaps between 500 and 5000 plants, ideally with intermediate plantations that could serve as pollinator corridors. Commercial plantations and ex situ FGRCUs need to be established to gradually develop a sustainable management, perhaps at higher altitudes than current locations, as a management measure for adaptation to the climatic change.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Diversity of Almond-Leaved Pear (Pyrus spinosa Forssk.) along Eastern Adriatic Coast

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1630
Author(s):  
Antonio Vidaković ◽  
Zlatko Liber ◽  
Zlatko Šatović ◽  
Marilena Idžojtić ◽  
Ida Volenec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analyses ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Isolation By Environment

Almond-leaved pear (Pyrus spinosa Forssk., Rosaceae) is a scientifically poorly researched and often overlooked Mediterranean species. It is an insect-pollinated and animal-dispersed spiny, deciduous shrub or a small tree, with high-quality wood and edible fruits. The aim of the study was to assess the phenotypic diversity of almond-leaved pear in the eastern Adriatic region. The examination of phenotypic diversity was based on a morphometric analysis of 17 populations using ten phenotypic traits of leaves. Varieties of multivariate statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the within- and among-population diversity. In addition, the Mantel tests were used to test the correlations between geographic, environmental, and phenotypic differences among populations. High phenotypic variability was determined both among and within the studied populations. Leaf-size-related traits proved to be the most variable ones, in contrast to more uniform leaf shape traits. Furthermore, three groups of populations were detected using multivariate statistical analyses. The first group included trees from northern- and southernmost populations characterized by high annual precipitation. However, the trees from the second and third group were highly overlapped without a clear geographical pattern. In addition, we revealed that both environmental and geographical interactions proved to be responsible for the patterns of phenotypic variation between almond-leaved pear populations, indicating significant isolation by environment (IBE) and isolation by distance (IBD) patterns. Overall, our results provide useful information about phenotypic diversity of almond-leaved pear populations for further conservation, breeding, and afforestation programs.

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