scholarly journals Analysis of Phytonutrients, Anti-Mutagenic and Chemopreventive Effects of Tropical Fruit Extracts

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2600
Author(s):  
Piya Temviriyanukul ◽  
Suwapat Kittibunchakul ◽  
Piyapat Trisonthi ◽  
Woorawee Inthachat ◽  
Dalad Siriwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Key Enzymes ◽  
Dna Mutation ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Durio Zibethinus ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

Thailand is located in the tropics and a wide variety of fruits are grown commercially. However, studies regarding the phytonutrients, anti-mutagenic and chemopreventive effects of these fruits are limited. Thus, phytochemical profiles and inhibition of key enzymes involved in obesity and diabetes, together with anti-mutagenic and chemopreventive properties of eight tropical fruit extracts cultivated in Thailand, including Psidium guajava ‘Kimju’, Psidium guajava ‘Keenok’, Ananas comosus ‘Pattavia’, Ananas comosus ‘Phulae’, Durio zibethinus ‘Chanee’, Durio zibethinus ‘Monthong’, Carica papaya ‘Khaekdum’ and Mangifera indica ‘Namdokmai’ were investigated. Different cultivars were also compared. Results showed that M. indica ‘Namdokmai’ was the most antioxidant-rich extract containing abundant 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and its derivative, gallic acid, as the main phenolics. M. indica ‘Namdokmai’ also exhibited high inhibitory capacities (>60% inhibition under studied conditions) against lipase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase, key enzymes as drug targets for controlling obesity and type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, all fruit extracts suppressed food mutagen-induced DNA mutations assayed by the Ames test, especially M. indica ‘Namdokmai’ and C. papaya ‘Khaekdum’ (>50% inhibition at 200 µg/plate). The M. indica ‘Namdokmai’ was also the most potent extract for suppression of cancer promotion (>90% inhibition at 200 µg/mL) followed by P. guajava ‘Kimju’, P. guajava ‘Keenok’ and C. papaya ‘Khaekdum’. Results potentially indicated that fruit intake after overcooked meat consumption might supplement nutrients and fiber and also reduce DNA mutation sources.

scholarly journals An observation on the fruit feeding behavior of butterflies in some areas of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 9479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahsinur Rahman Shihan
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Averrhoa Carambola ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Fruit Species

Very little information has been found about the behavior of fruit feeding butterflies in Bangladesh. So this was an attempt to know about the fruit feeding behavior of butterflies from different areas of Bangladesh.  The study was conducted during June 2014 to September 2015. A total of 11 species and 53 individuals of butterflies of two families feeding on 11 species on the fruits of 11 families were reported. The greatest number of species (five) fed on Averrhoa carambola, Psidium guajava and Mangifera indica followed by Ananas comosus feeding by two species and remaining fruit species feeding by one species of butterfly

scholarly journals Best Management Practices for Temperate and Tropical/Subtropical Fruit Crops in Florida: Current Practices and Future Challenges

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey G. Williamson ◽  
Jonathan H. Crane
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Florida Current ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Management Philosophy

A wide variety of temperate, subtropical, and tropical fruit crops are grown commercially in Florida. Farm size ranges from large commercial operations exceeding 100 acres to small 1- or 2-acre “estate” farms. Irrigation and fertilization practices vary widely with crop, soil type, and management philosophy. However, many growers are adopting practices such as microirrigation, fertigation, and other technologies, which, if properly used, should reduce water and fertilizer inputs and minimize leaching and runoff of fertilizers and pesticides. Although fertilizer and irrigation recommendations exist for major crops such as avocado (Persea americana), mango (Mangifera indica), and blueberry (Vaccinium spp.), there is little research-based information specific to Florida for many minor crops, including muscadine (Vitis rodundifolia), blackberry (Rubus spp.), sapodilla (Manilkara zapota), guava (Psidium guajava), papaya (Carica papaya), and others. Even where recommendations exist, refinement of irrigation and fertilization practices is needed because of changes in technology.

Current Status and Future Perspective for Research on Medicinal Plants with Anticancerous Activity and Minimum Cytotoxic Value

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1227-1243
Author(s):  
Hina Qamar ◽  
Sumbul Rehman ◽  
D.K. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Wide Range

Cancer is the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although chemotherapy and radiotherapy enhance the survival rate of cancerous patients but they have several acute toxic effects. Therefore, there is a need to search for new anticancer agents having better efficacy and lesser side effects. In this regard, herbal treatment is found to be a safe method for treating and preventing cancer. Here, an attempt has been made to screen some less explored medicinal plants like Ammania baccifera, Asclepias curassavica, Azadarichta indica, Butea monosperma, Croton tiglium, Hedera nepalensis, Jatropha curcas, Momordica charantia, Moringa oleifera, Psidium guajava, etc. having potent anticancer activity with minimum cytotoxic value (IC50 >3μM) and lesser or negligible toxicity. They are rich in active phytochemicals with a wide range of drug targets. In this study, these medicinal plants were evaluated for dose-dependent cytotoxicological studies via in vitro MTT assay and in vivo tumor models along with some more plants which are reported to have IC50 value in the range of 0.019-0.528 mg/ml. The findings indicate that these plants inhibit tumor growth by their antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic molecular targets. They are widely used because of their easy availability, affordable price and having no or sometimes minimal side effects. This review provides a baseline for the discovery of anticancer drugs from medicinal plants having minimum cytotoxic value with minimal side effects and establishment of their analogues for the welfare of mankind.

scholarly journals The ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango genome reveals candidate genes for fruit quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian S. E. Bally ◽  
◽  
Aureliano Bombarely ◽  
Alan H. Chambers ◽  
Yuval Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Mapping Population ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
High Molecular Weight Dna ◽  
Tropical Fruit

Abstract Background Mango, Mangifera indica L., an important tropical fruit crop, is grown for its sweet and aromatic fruits. Past improvement of this species has predominantly relied on chance seedlings derived from over 1000 cultivars in the Indian sub-continent with a large variation for fruit size, yield, biotic and abiotic stress resistance, and fruit quality among other traits. Historically, mango has been an orphan crop with very limited molecular information. Only recently have molecular and genomics-based analyses enabled the creation of linkage maps, transcriptomes, and diversity analysis of large collections. Additionally, the combined analysis of genomic and phenotypic information is poised to improve mango breeding efficiency. Results This study sequenced, de novo assembled, analyzed, and annotated the genome of the monoembryonic mango cultivar ‘Tommy Atkins’. The draft genome sequence was generated using NRGene de-novo Magic on high molecular weight DNA of ‘Tommy Atkins’, supplemented by 10X Genomics long read sequencing to improve the initial assembly. A hybrid population between ‘Tommy Atkins’ x ‘Kensington Pride’ was used to generate phased haplotype chromosomes and a highly resolved phased SNP map. The final ‘Tommy Atkins’ genome assembly was a consensus sequence that included 20 pseudomolecules representing the 20 chromosomes of mango and included ~ 86% of the ~ 439 Mb haploid mango genome. Skim sequencing identified ~ 3.3 M SNPs using the ‘Tommy Atkins’ x ‘Kensington Pride’ mapping population. Repeat masking identified 26,616 genes with a median length of 3348 bp. A whole genome duplication analysis revealed an ancestral 65 MYA polyploidization event shared with Anacardium occidentale. Two regions, one on LG4 and one on LG7 containing 28 candidate genes, were associated with the commercially important fruit size characteristic in the mapping population. Conclusions The availability of the complete ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango genome will aid global initiatives to study mango genetics.

scholarly journals Ripening of "Pedro Sato" guava: study on its climacteric or non-climacteric nature

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Azzolini ◽  
Angelo Pedro Jacomino ◽  
Ilana Urbano Bron ◽  
Ricardo Alfredo Kluge ◽  
Marlene Aparecida Schiavinato
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Climacteric Fruit ◽  
Light Green

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a tropical fruit exhibiting rapid post-harvest ripening. However, the physiological basis involved in the ripening process of guava is not totally clear, which makes it difficult to develop technologies to enhance fruit storability. Two experiments were carried out with the objective of determining the ripening behavior of 'Pedro Sato' guavas. In the first experiment, guava fruits at three maturity stages (I - dark green, II - light green and III - yellow-green) were stored at room temperature (23 ± 1°C and 85 ± 5 % RH). The respiratory rate, ethylene production, pulp and skin colours, and firmness were evaluated. In the second experiment, ethylene and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) were applied to guavas at the light green maturity stage and the ripening behaviour during storage at room temperature was studied. Fruits from all maturity stages showed a gradual increase in the respiratory rate and ethylene production. The intense changes in pulp and skin colours and in firmness preceded the maximum respiratory rate and ethylene production. 1-MCP reduced the rate of ripening, while the application of ethylene did not promote this process. These results do not permit the classification of 'Pedro Sato' guava as a traditional climacteric fruit.

scholarly journals Phenolic composition and inhibitory activity of Mangifera indica and Mucuna urens seeds extracts against key enzymes linked to the pathology and complications of type 2 diabetes

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 903-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Anyachukwu Irondi ◽  
Ganiyu Oboh ◽  
Afolabi Akintunde Akindahunsi ◽  
Aline Augusti Boligon ◽  
Margareth Linde Athayde
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Phenolic Composition ◽  
Key Enzymes

scholarly journals Focus on the Three Key Enzymes Hydrolysing Endocannabinoids as New Drug Targets

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 2647-2668 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vandevoorde ◽  
D. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Key Enzymes ◽  
New Drug

scholarly journals Comparative account of vitamin C contents, antioxidant properties and iron contents of minor fruits in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashini Imalsha Abeysuriya ◽  
Vajira P Bulugahapitiya ◽  
Loku Pullukkutige Jayatissa
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Dehydroascorbic Acid ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Melastoma Malabathricum ◽  
Ic50 Values

Sri Lanka is a habitat of diverse fruit varieties; nevertheless 95% of them are underutilized by people due to unawareness of their nutritional values and health aspects, and hence become ‘minor fruits’. This study was aimed on revealing vitamin C, iron and antioxidant contents of 29 varieties of minor fruits (MFs) with the comparison of the same with three best commonly consumable fruits (CFs), namely Carica papaya, Mangifera indica and Psidium guajava. Ascorbic acid (Asc), dehydroascorbic acid (DAsc), vitamin C (TC), phenolic (TP), flavonoid (TF), iron (Fe) contents and antioxidant capacities (AOCs) of fruits were determined using standard methods. The results of mean Asc, DAsc, TC, TP, TF and Fe contents in 100 gm of MFs ranged from 3.1 to 121.5 mg, 1.2 to 70.7 mg, 6.6 to 136.1 mg, 24.9 to 1613.3 mg Gallic acid equivalent, 6.2 to 228.0 mg Quercetin equivalents and 0.2 to 4.9 mg respectively. DPPH and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays were used for AOCs and variation of IC50 values in a DPPH assay was 1.2 to 245.4 mg/ml whereas FRAP values ranged from 9.6 to 486.7 ?mol FeSO4/gm. Among the studied minor fruits, Melastoma malabathricum (Maha bovitiya/ Malabar melastome) is found as the best respect to all considered parameters. As a conclusion, it can be stated that, the Sri Lankan minor fruits are good alternatives to the common fruits as they are recognized as good source of vitamin C, iron and higher content of antioxidants. As an outcome, Sri Lankan minor fruits can be promoted as alternatives to common fruits and as source of revenue for national economy.

scholarly journals Medicinal Plants from Northeastern Brazil against Alzheimer’s Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Batista Penido ◽  
Selene Maia De Morais ◽  
Alan Bezerra Ribeiro ◽  
Daniela Ribeiro Alves ◽  
Ana Livya Moreira Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Copaifera Langsdorffii

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been linked with oxidative stress, acetylcholine deficiency in the brain, and inflammatory processes. In the northeast region of Brazil, various plants are used to treat several diseases associated with these processes; then an antioxidant test was performed with those plants in a previous work and twelve species with higher antioxidant activity were selected for AChE inhibition evaluation. The phenolic compounds content was determined by Folin–Ciocalteu test and flavonoid content with AlCl3reagent using UV-visible spectrophotometry. The antioxidant activity was assessed analyzing the inhibitory activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS) and by theβ-carotene/linoleic acid system and acetylcholinesterase inhibition using qualitative and quantitative tests. The combination of better acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activities pointed out six species, in descending order, as the best potential sources of therapeutic agents against AD:Hancornia speciosa > Myracrodruon urundeuva > Copaifera langsdorffii > Stryphnodendron coriaceum > Psidium guajava > Mangifera indica. Besides, the phenolic compounds in the species probably contribute to these activities. However, further pharmacological studies to assess the specific applications of these plants against AD are required to confirm these results.

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