scholarly journals Characterization of Volatile Profiles and Marker Substances by HS-SPME/GC-MS during the Concentration of Coconut Jam

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Haiming Chen ◽  
Wenzhu Wang ◽  
Wenxiao Jiao ◽  
Wenxue Chen ◽  
...  

Characteristic aromas are usually key labels for food products. In this study, the volatile profiles and marker substances of coconut jam during concentration were characterized via sensory evaluation combined with headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HSPME/GC-MS). A total of 33 aroma compounds were detected by HSPME/GC-MS. Principal component analysis revealed the concentration process of coconut jam can be divided into three stages. In the first stage, esters and alcohols were the two main contributors to the aroma of the coconut jam. Next, a caramel smell was gradually formed during the second stage, which was mainly derived from aldehydes, ketones and alcohols. The concentration of aldehydes increased gradually at this stage, which may be the result of a combination of the Maillard reaction and the caramelization reaction. In the final sterilization stage, the ‘odor intensity’ of caramel reached the maximum level and a variety of aroma compounds were produced, thereby forming a unique flavor for the coconut jam. Finally, furfural fit a logistic model with a regression coefficient (r2) of 0.97034. Therefore, furfural can be used as a marker substance for monitoring the concentration of coconut jam.

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2604
Author(s):  
Zhulin Wang ◽  
Rong Dou ◽  
Ruili Yang ◽  
Kun Cai ◽  
Congfa Li ◽  
...  

The change in phenols, polysaccharides and volatile profiles of noni juice from laboratory- and factory-scale fermentation was analyzed during a 63-day fermentation process. The phenol and polysaccharide contents and aroma characteristics clearly changed according to fermentation scale and time conditions. The flavonoid content in noni juice gradually increased with fermentation. Seventy-three volatile compounds were identified by solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS). Methyl hexanoate, 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol, octanoic acid, hexanoic acid and 2-heptanone were found to be the main aroma components of fresh and fermented noni juice. A decrease in octanoic acid and hexanoic acid contents resulted in the less pungent aroma in noni juice from factory-scale fermentation. The results of principal component analysis of the electronic nose suggested that the difference in nitrogen oxide, alkanes, alcohols, and aromatic and sulfur compounds, contributed to the discrimination of noni juice from different fermentation times and scales.


2010 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 1916-1922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Sáenz ◽  
Trinidad Cedráenzn ◽  
Susana Cabredo

Abstract Wine is a complex matrix in which aroma compounds play an important role in the characterization of the flavor pattern of a given wine. Twelve volatile compounds were determined in 244 samples of Spanish red wines from different denominations of origin: Rioja, Navarra, Valdepeas, La Mancha, and Cariena. The samples were analyzed by GC using headspace solid-phase microextraction. The concentration (mg/mL) intervals obtained were 3-methyl-butyl acetate (3.9 to 116), 3-methyl-1-butanol (93 to 724), ethyl hexanoate (0.8 to 39), 1-hexanol (0.3 to 6.7), ethyl octanoate (1.4 to 41), diethyl succinate (0.2 to 13), 2-phenyl ethyl acetate (0 to 5.3), hexanoic acid (0 to 8.3), geraniol (0 to 3.0), 2-phenylethanol (1.5 to 56), octanoic acid (0 to 20), and decanoic acid (0 to 3.3). Wines were classified by multivariate statistical methods: principal component analysis, and lineal discriminant analysis. A correct differentiation among wines according to their origin was obtained by lineal discriminant analysis.


Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1166
Author(s):  
Veronica Lolli ◽  
Animesh Acharjee ◽  
Donato Angelino ◽  
Michele Tassotti ◽  
Daniele Del Rio ◽  
...  

Coffee capsules market is on the rise as it allows access to a wide selection of coffee, differing in taste and brand. However, few data about the chemical characterization of the capsule-brewed coffee aroma are available. In this work, an untargeted approach using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and combined to chemometrics was performed to study and compare aroma profile from 65 capsule-brewed espresso coffees (ECs) commercialized by five of the most representative brands in Italy. Volatile profiles obtained from ECs were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis, which generally did not show a significant variability among coffees belonging to the same brand, except for those modified after the addition of specific flavor additives or aromatic substances (such as caramel, chocolate, etc.). Similarities may be related to the starting coffee brew or the processing method, which is likely the same for each individual brand. Additionally, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed that capsules from a specific brand contain the highest concentration of pyrazines, thus characterized by an intense and characteristic aroma, and a stronger note than those from the other brands. This study supports that the chemical analysis in conjunction with chemometric tools is a useful approach for assessing flavor quality, even if the need remains to identify volatile markers of high-quality beverages.


Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Dong Han ◽  
Chun-Hui Zhang ◽  
Marie-Laure Fauconnier

The study aimed to investigate the influence of seasoning formulations (SP1: water; SP2: water and salt; SP3: water, salt and spices; SP4: water, salt, spices and soy sauce; SP5: water, salt, spices, soy sauce, sugar; SP6: water, salt, spices, soy sauce, sugar and cooking wine) on the volatile profiles and sensory evaluation of stewed pork. Volatile compounds were extracted using solid phase microextraction (SPME), then analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/olfactometry (GC-MS/O) and two-dimensional gas chromatographic combined with time-of-fight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS). The results revealed that the most abundant volatile compounds, especially aldehydes, were presented in the stewed pork using SP1 and SP2. This indicated that the stewed pork with water and salt could promote lipid oxidation and amino acid degradation. As revealed by principal component analysis (PCA), the stewed pork samples with SP3 were located on the opposite side of that with SP4, SP5, and SP6 in the first and third principal component (PC1-PC3), which indicated that the overall flavour formed by adding spices was significantly different from that of adding soy sauce, sugar, and cooking wine. Sensory evaluation showed that stronger spicy, caramel, and soy sauce odour were present in samples SP3, SP4, SP5, and SP6. This study has indicated that the addition of food seasoning had a positive effect on flavour profiles of stewed pork, particularly for salt and spices.


Respuestas ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Andrea Pallares-Pallares ◽  
Janeth Aidé Perea-Villamil ◽  
Luis Javier López-Giraldo

Se evaluó el efecto de los días de fermentación secado sobre la evolución de los compuestos de aroma (volátiles) en la variedad de cacao CCN-51. El método empleado fue la Cromatografía de Gases-Espectrometría de Masas, en combinación con Micro Extracción en Fase Sólida de Espacio de Cabeza (HS-SPME-GC-MS). Para los análisis se construyó un diseño experimental factorial multinivel, con un total de 15 experimentos/muestreo. Durante el beneficio se aplicó el método de microfermentación en cajón y el secado se hizo por exposición directa al sol. El Análisis de Componentes Principales (PCA) permitió explicar un 68% de la varianza total asociada con las características de aroma (compuestos volátiles). El proceso de beneficio fue dividido en etapas de acuerdo con el grado de fermentación. Se identificaron, a lo largo del beneficio compuestos precursores de aroma deseables e indeseables. Entre los compuestos deseables se identificaron, entre otros, el 3-metil-1-butanol, 2-fenil etanol, benzaldehído, fenil acetaldehído, etilhexanoato, etil benzoato, etilfenil acetato y 2-fenil etil acetato, los cuales aportan notas odoríficas muy agradables (chocolate, caramelo, dulce, nuez, miel, frutal, floral). Finalmente, se propuso un método alternativo de beneficio, que incorpora un pretratamiento del clon CCN- 51 y que arroja evidencia preliminar de mejoría en lo que respecta a los componentes precursores del aroma. AbstractThe influence of the days of fermentation and drying in the aroma compounds (volatile fraction) of cocoa beans CCN-51 was evaluated. The method used was Gas ChromatographyMass Spectrometry, coupled to Head Space Solid Phase Micro Extraction (HS-SPMEGC-GS). A multifactorial experimental design was created, containing 15 experiments per repetition. The fermentation technique was microfermentation in boxes, while drying was achieved by exposing the samples to the sun. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) allowed to explain 68% of the total variability associated with aroma characteristics (volatile compounds). Both, desirable and undesirable compounds were identified throughout the processes of fermentation and drying. The benefit process (fermentation and drying) was divided in stages depending on the degree of fermentation. The desirable compounds identified were: 3-methy-1-butanol, 2-phenyl-ethanol, benzaldehyde, phenyl acetaldehyde, ethylhexanoate, ethyl benzoate, ethylphenyl acetate and 2-phenyl ethyl acetate, which are associated with odoriferous notes very nice (chocolate, candy, sweet, nutty, honey, fruity, floral). Finally, a pre-treatment of cocoa beans CCN-51 prior to fermentation was proposed to be incorporated during the benefit of the beans as it seems to enhance the formation of desirable aroma compounds. Palabras clave: Análisis de componentes principales, beneficio, cacao, CCN-51, compuestos volátiles, cromatografía de gases-masas. 


2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-137
Author(s):  
Deni Kostelac ◽  
Ivančica Delaš ◽  
Jadranka Frece ◽  
Marko Jelić ◽  
Iva Čanak ◽  
...  

Research background. Cheese in a sack is a traditional cheese produced in Croatia. Types of cheese with similar production technology are made in other countries but chemical and microbiological composition varies between regions. Traditionally, cheese in a sack is produced without the addition of starter cultures. Addition of beneficial probiotic cultures to numerous dairy products has documented advantages. Effects that the addition of probiotic bacteria to traditional cheese have on aroma compounds and sensory properties have not been fully investigated. The aim of this study is to determine the sensory properties and differences in the aromatic profiles between cheese samples ripened in a lambskin sack, produced traditionally without the addition of any starter culture, or with the addition of probiotic bacteria. Experimental approach. In this study, cheese in a sack was produced with the addition of probiotic cultures Lactobacillus plantarum B and L. lactis ssp. lactis S1. During ripening volatile aroma compounds were analysed with a solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sensory properties were evaluated by trained tasters who are familiar with the traditional taste of the cheese from a sack. The results of aroma composition and taste scores were then compared using factorial and principal component analyses. Results and conclusions. Chromatography showed differences in the composition of aroma compounds and the sensory properties between the cheese produced with Lactobacillus starter cultures and the control cheese, traditionally produced without a starter culture. The addition of probiotic cultures L. plantarum B and L. lactis ssp. lactis S1 resulted in products with better sensory properties and chemical profile of volatile aromatic compounds. Novelty and scientific contribution. This study investigates the usage of naturally present probiotic cultures as starter cultures in cheese in a sack production. Their effects on aroma profiles and sensory characteristics have been compared for the first time using factorial and principal component analyses.


Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (23) ◽  
pp. 4352
Author(s):  
Die Hu ◽  
Junrui Guo ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
Mu Zhao ◽  
Tingting Zou ◽  
...  

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME), purge and trap (P&T), stir bar sportive extraction (SBSE), and dynamic headspace sampling (DHS) were applied to extract, separate and analyze the volatile compounds in the roots of Hangbaizhi, Qibaizhi, and Bobaizhi and the GC-O-MS/MS (AEDA) was utilized for the quantification of key aroma compounds. Totals of 52, 54, and 43 aroma-active compounds extracted from the three samples by the four extraction methods were identified. Among these methods, the SPME effectively extracted the aroma compounds from the A. dahurica. Thus, using the SPME methods for quantitative analysis based on external standards and subsequent dilution analyses, totals of 20, 21, and 17 aroma compounds were detected in the three samples by the sniffing test, and sensory evaluations indicated that the aromas of A. dahurica included herb, spice, and woody. Finally, principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the three kinds A. dahurica formed three separate groups, and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed that caryophyllene, (−)-β-elemene, nonanal, and β-pinene played an important role in the classification of A. dahurica.


2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 923-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiping Xin ◽  
Benhong Wu ◽  
Haohao Zhang ◽  
Caiyun Wang ◽  
Jitao Li ◽  
...  

Xin, H., Wu, B., Zhang, H., Wang, C., Li, J., Yang, B. and Li, S. 2013. Characterization of volatile compounds in flowers from four groups of sweet osmanthus ( Osmanthus fragrans ) cultivars. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 923–931. Headspace-solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) were used to characterize the volatiles in flowers of four cultivar groups of sweet osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans Lour.), including Thunbergii, Latifolius, Aurantiacus and Semperflorens Groups. A total of 72 volatiles were identified. Volatile compounds and their relative contents varied among the four groups or cultivars within each group. Briefly, β-ionone, cis-linalool oxide (furan), trans-linalool oxide (furan) and linalool were the most common volatiles in tested cultivars, while (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol and hexanal were abundant in several cultivars. Principal component analysis showed that the Aurantiacus Group was rich in cis- and trans-linalool oxide (furan), whereas the Latifolius group had high levels of (E)-2-hexenal and (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol. Our results contribute to our understanding of the volatile composition and content in flowers from different osmanthus groups and will facilitate development of new osmanthus cultivars to meet requirements of the food and fragrance industries.


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