scholarly journals Highly Conservative Pattern of Sex Chromosome Synapsis and Recombination in Neognathae Birds

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1358
Author(s):  
Anna Torgasheva ◽  
Lyubov Malinovskaya ◽  
Kira S. Zadesenets ◽  
Anastasia Slobodchikova ◽  
Elena Shnaider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Chromosome Translocation ◽  
Great Tit ◽  
Common Tern ◽  
Barn Swallow ◽  
Anser Anser ◽  
Recombination Nodules ◽  
Motacilla Alba ◽  
Chlidonias Niger

We analyzed the synapsis and recombination between Z and W chromosomes in the oocytes of nine neognath species: domestic chicken Gallus gallus domesticus, grey goose Anser anser, black tern Chlidonias niger, common tern Sterna hirundo, pale martin Riparia diluta, barn swallow Hirundo rustica, European pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca, great tit Parus major and white wagtail Motacilla alba using immunolocalization of SYCP3, the main protein of the lateral elements of the synaptonemal complex, and MLH1, the mismatch repair protein marking mature recombination nodules. In all species examined, homologous synapsis occurs in a short region of variable size at the ends of Z and W chromosomes, where a single recombination nodule is located. The remaining parts of the sex chromosomes undergo synaptic adjustment and synapse non-homologously. In 25% of ZW bivalents of white wagtail, synapsis and recombination also occur at the secondary pairing region, which probably resulted from autosome−sex chromosome translocation. Using FISH with a paint probe specific to the germline-restricted chromosome (GRC) of the pale martin on the oocytes of the pale martin, barn swallow and great tit, we showed that both maternally inherited songbird chromosomes (GRC and W) share common sequences.

scholarly journals Bird ringing report for Slovenia in 2017 and short overview of colour ringing in the period of 2012–2017

Acrocephalus ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (178-179) ◽  
pp. 129-163
Author(s):  
Al Vrezec ◽  
Dare Fekonja
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Great Tit ◽  
Sterna Hirundo ◽  
Barn Swallow ◽  
Sylvia Atricapilla ◽  
Cygnus Olor ◽  
Mute Swans ◽  
Ljubljansko Barje

Abstract In 2017, the Slovenian bird ringing scheme concluded 90 years of continuous ringing in the country. In 2017, we collected data on 176 bird species. We ringed 79,886 birds of 164 species, recorded 177 recoveries of birds ringed in Slovenia and found abroad, 295 foreign recoveries in Slovenia and 2,209 local recoveries. The most ringed species were the Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla and Great Tit Parus major and, among pulli in the nest, the Great Tit, White Stork Ciconia ciconia and Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica. In 2017, 12 colour ringing schemes were active in Slovenia. In the 2012-2017 period, the number of recoveries of birds ringed in Slovenia and found abroad increased significantly due to colour ringing, especially regarding the waterbirds. With colour ringing, the likelihood of recoveries is considerably greater (75.20 ± 91.36 recoveries per 100 ringed birds) than with metal ringing only (0.11 ± 0.08 recoveries per 100 ringed birds). Among local recoveries, the most frequent were the Mute Swans Cygnus olor and Common Terns Sterna hirundo, and among foreign recoveries the Black-headed Gulls Chroicocephalus ridibundus predominated. In 2017, the first Broad-billed Sandpiper Calidris falcinellus was ringed in Slovenia (Sečovlje salinas), and additional three rare species were ringed as well: the Yellow-browed Warbler Phylloscopus inornatus (Ljubljansko barje), Paddyfield Warbler Acrocephalus agricola (Ljubljansko barje) and Little Bunting Emberiza pusilla (Šentrupert).

Great Tit (Parus major)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Gosler ◽  
Peter Clement ◽  
David Christie
Keyword(s):  
Parus Major ◽  
Great Tit

scholarly journals Anyone listening? No evidence for eavesdropping on male singing interactions in the great tit, Parus major

2021 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Nina Bircher ◽  
Kees van Oers ◽  
Marc Naguib
Keyword(s):  
Parus Major ◽  
Great Tit

scholarly journals First record of Diplotriaena henryi Blanc, 1919 from the coal tit, Parus ater with new report from the great tit, Parus major in the Middle East

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-241
Author(s):  
I. Mobedi ◽  
M. Sehhatisabet ◽  
E. Razmjou ◽  
S. Shafiei
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
First Record ◽  
Great Tit ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Coal Tit ◽  
Parus Ater

AbstractSeven males and thirteen female Diplotriaena henryi Blanc 1919 were collected from body cavities (heart, sternum, and chest) of tits (one Parus major and three Parus ater) in plain woodland of Noor, in Northern Iran.

Degradation of Great Tit (Parus Major) Song Before And After Foliation: Implications for Vocal Communication in a Deciduous Forest

Behaviour ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 141 (8) ◽  
pp. 935-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Blumenrath ◽  
Torben Dabelsteen
Keyword(s):  
Information Transfer ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Vocal Communication ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Great Tit ◽  
Transmission Experiment ◽  
Distance Information ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSongbirds living in temperate forests experience great seasonal changes in habitat acoustics during the part of the breeding season when singing activity is high. These changes, which are brought about by accelerated vegetation growth and leaf burst in spring, affect sound propagation and potentially render vocal communication more difficult as the total number of scattering and absorbing obstacles increases. We investigated this in a sound transmission experiment in which representative great tit (Parus major) songs were broadcast in a typical forest habitat before and after foliation. Speaker and microphone were placed at natural separation distances and in typical sender and receiver positions. For each song note we quantified several aspects of sound degradation and found that they all increased considerably when leaves were present. Before foliation the same amount of degradation would only be obtained by doubling the transmission distance, i.e. foliage shortens the active space of great tit song. This inevitably alters distance information, provided that distance-dependent, structural changes of received songs are used as ranging cues. Moreover, sender and receiver positions within the canopy become unfavourable compared to heights just below the canopy when the aim is to maximise song propagation distances. Altogether, the presence of foliage greatly affects the potential for vocal information transfer in great tits and requires behavioural and/or perceptual adjustment of the communicating individuals to counteract or reduce the impact of foliage on signal degradation.

scholarly journals Extrapair paternity in the great tit (Parus major): a test of the “good genes” hypothesis

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Strohbach ◽  
Eberhard Curio ◽  
Andrea Bathen ◽  
Jōrg Epplen ◽  
Thomas Lubjuhn
Keyword(s):  
Parus Major ◽  
Great Tit ◽  
Good Genes ◽  
Extrapair Paternity

scholarly journals Epigenetic mediation of the onset of reproduction in a songbird

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Lindner ◽  
Veronika N. Laine ◽  
Irene Verhagen ◽  
Heidi M. Viitaniemi ◽  
Marcel E. Visser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Regulatory Region ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Great Tit ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Avian Reproduction ◽  
Directional Variation

ABSTRACTClimate change significantly impacts natural populations, particularly phenology traits, like the seasonal onset of reproduction in birds. This impact is mainly via plastic responses in phenology traits to changes in the environment, but the molecular mechanism mediating this plasticity remains elusive. Epigenetic modifications can mediate plasticity and consequently constitute promising candidates for mediating phenology traits. Here, we used genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of individual great tit (Parus major) females that we blood sampled repeatedly throughout the breeding season. We demonstrate rapid and directional variation in DNA methylation within the regulatory region of genes known to play key roles in avian reproduction that are in line with observed changes in gene expression in chickens. Our findings provide an important step towards unraveling the molecular mechanism mediating a key life history trait, an essential knowledge-gap for understanding how natural populations may cope with future climate change.IMPACT SUMMARYNatural populations are increasingly challenged by changing environmental conditions like global increases in temperature. A key way for species to adapt to global warming is via phenotypic plasticity, i.e. the ability to adjust the expression of traits to the environment. We, however, know little about how the environment can interact with an organism’s genetic make-up to shape its trait value. Epigenetic marks are known to vary with the environment and can modulate the expression of traits without any change in the genetic make-up and therefore have the potential to mediate phenotypic plasticity.To study the role of epigenetics for phenotypic plasticity, we here focus on the great tit (Parus major), a species that is strongly affected by global warming and plastic for temperature in an essential phenology trait, the seasonal onset of egg laying. As a first step, we investigated whether great tit females show within-individual and short-term variation in DNA methylation that corresponds to changes in the reproductive state of females. We therefore housed breeding pairs in climate-controlled aviaries to blood sample each female repeatedly throughout the breeding season and used these repeated samples for methylation profiling.We found rapid and directional variation in DNA methylation at the time females prepared to initiate egg laying that is located within the regulatory region of genes that have previously described functions for avian reproduction. Although future work is needed to establish a causal link between the observed temporal variation in DNA methylation and the onset of reproduction in female great tits, our work highlights the potential role for epigenetic modifications in mediating an essential phenology trait that is sensitive to temperatures.

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