scholarly journals Impact of Short-Term Fasting on The Rhythmic Expression of the Core Circadian Clock and Clock-Controlled Genes in Skeletal Muscle of Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus)

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Wu ◽  
Lingsheng Bao ◽  
Ruiyong Zhang ◽  
Yulong Li ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Crucian Carp ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Functional Genes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Circadian Genes ◽  
Rhythmic Expression ◽  
The Core

The peripheral tissue pacemaker is responsive to light and other zeitgebers, especially food availability. Generally, the pacemaker can be reset and entrained independently of the central circadian structures. Studies involving clock-gene expressional patterns in fish peripheral tissues have attracted considerable attention. However, the rhythmic expression of clock genes in skeletal muscle has only scarcely been investigated. The present study was designed to investigate the core clock and functional gene expression rhythms in crucian carp. Meanwhile, the synchronized effect of food restrictions (short-term fasting) on these rhythms in skeletal muscle was carefully examined. In fed crucian carp, three core clock genes (Clock, Bmal1a, and Per1) and five functional genes (Epo, Fas, IGF1R2, Jnk1, and MyoG) showed circadian rhythms. By comparison, four core clock genes (Clock, Bmal1a, Cry3, and Per2) and six functional genes (Epo, GH, IGF2, Mstn, Pnp5a, and Ucp1) showed circadian rhythms in crucian carp muscle after 7-day fasting. In addition, three core clock genes (Clock, Per1, and Per3) and six functional genes (Ampk1a, Lpl, MyoG, Pnp5a, PPARα, and Ucp1) showed circadian rhythms in crucian carp muscle after 15-day fasting. However, all gene rhythmic expression patterns differed from each other. Furthermore, it was found that the circadian genes could be altered by feed deprivation in crucian carp muscle through the rhythms correlation analysis of the circadian genes and functional genes. Hence, food-anticipatory activity of fish could be adjusted through the food delivery restriction under a light–dark cycle. These results provide a potential application in promoting fish growth by adjusting feeding conditions and nutritional state.

Achilles-Mediated and Sex-Specific Regulation of Circadian mRNA Rhythms in Drosophila

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajia Li ◽  
Renee Yin Yu ◽  
Farida Emran ◽  
Brian E. Chen ◽  
Michael E. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Knock Down ◽  
Rhythmic Expression ◽  
The Core ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Specific Regulation

The circadian clock is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that generates the rhythmic expression of downstream genes. The core circadian clock drives the expression of clock-controlled genes, which in turn play critical roles in carrying out many rhythmic physiological processes. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms by which clock output genes orchestrate rhythmic signals from the brain to peripheral tissues are largely unknown. Here we explored the role of one rhythmic gene, Achilles, in regulating the rhythmic transcriptome in the fly head. Achilles is a clock-controlled gene in Drosophila that encodes a putative RNA-binding protein. Achilles expression is found in neurons throughout the fly brain using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and legacy data suggest it is not expressed in core clock neurons. Together, these observations argue against a role for Achilles in regulating the core clock. To assess its impact on circadian mRNA rhythms, we performed RNA sequencing (RNAseq) to compare the rhythmic transcriptomes of control flies and those with diminished Achilles expression in all neurons. Consistent with previous studies, we observe dramatic upregulation of immune response genes upon knock-down of Achilles. Furthermore, many circadian mRNAs lose their rhythmicity in Achilles knock-down flies, suggesting that a subset of the rhythmic transcriptome is regulated either directly or indirectly by Achilles. These Achilles-mediated rhythms are observed in genes involved in immune function and in neuronal signaling, including Prosap, Nemy and Jhl-21. A comparison of RNAseq data from control flies reveals that only 42.7% of clock-controlled genes in the fly brain are rhythmic in both males and females. As mRNA rhythms of core clock genes are largely invariant between the sexes, this observation suggests that sex-specific mechanisms are an important, and heretofore under-appreciated, regulator of the rhythmic transcriptome.

scholarly journals Relationships between circadian rhythms and modulation of gene expression by glucocorticoids in skeletal muscle

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (4) ◽  
pp. R1031-R1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R. Almon ◽  
Eric Yang ◽  
William Lai ◽  
Ioannis P. Androulakis ◽  
Svetlana Ghimbovschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Biological Rhythms ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Rhythmic Expression ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscles

The existence and maintenance of biological rhythms linked to the 24-h light-dark cycle are essential to the health and functioning of an organism. Although much is known concerning central clock mechanisms, much less is known about control in peripheral tissues. In this study, circadian regulation of gene expression was examined in rat skeletal muscle. A rich time series involving 54 animals euthanized at 18 distinct time points within the 24-h cycle was performed, and mRNA expression in gastrocnemius muscles was examined using Affymetrix gene arrays. Data mining identified 109 genes that were expressed rhythmically, which could be grouped into eight distinct temporal clusters within the 24-h cycle. These genes were placed into 11 functional categories, which were examined within the context of temporal expression. Transcription factors involved in the regulation of central rhythms were examined, and eight were found to be rhythmically expressed in muscle. Because endogenous glucocorticoids are a major effector of circadian rhythms, genes identified here were compared with those identified in previous studies as glucocorticoid regulated. Of the 109 genes identified here as circadian rhythm regulated, only 55 were also glucocorticoid regulated. Examination of transcription factors involved in circadian control suggests that corticosterone may be the initiator of their rhythmic expression patterns in skeletal muscle.

Melatonin: a novel strategy for prevention of obesity and fat accumulation in peripheral organs through the improvements of circadian rhythms and antioxidative capacity

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohan Rong ◽  
Qiong Wu ◽  
Chao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidative Capacity ◽  
Unicellular Alga ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Peripheral Organs ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Novel Strategy

Melatonin is a well-known molecule for its involvement in circadian rhythm regulation and its contribution to protection against oxidative stress in organisms including unicellular alga, animals and plants. Currently, the bio-regulatory effects of melatonin on the physiology of various peripheral tissues have drawn a great attention of scientists. Although melatonin was previously defined as a neurohormone secreted from pineal gland, recently it has been identified that virtually, every cell has the capacity to synthesize melatonin and the locally generated melatonin has multiple pathophysiological functions, including regulations of obesity and metabolic syndromes. Herein, we focus on the effects of melatonin on fat deposition in various peripheral organs/tissues. The two important regulatory mechanisms related to the topic, i.e., the improvements of circadian rhythms and antioxidative capacity will be thoroughly discussed since they are linked to several biomarkers involved in obesity and energy imbalance, including metabolism and immunity. Furthermore, several other functions of melatonin which may serve to prevent or promote obesity and energy dysmetabolism-induced pathological states are also addressed. The organs of special interest include liver, pancreas, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Circadian Rhythm: Potential Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 676
Author(s):  
Andy W. C. Man ◽  
Huige Li ◽  
Ning Xia
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

Every organism has an intrinsic biological rhythm that orchestrates biological processes in adjusting to daily environmental changes. Circadian rhythms are maintained by networks of molecular clocks throughout the core and peripheral tissues, including immune cells, blood vessels, and perivascular adipose tissues. Recent findings have suggested strong correlations between the circadian clock and cardiovascular diseases. Desynchronization between the circadian rhythm and body metabolism contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases including arteriosclerosis and thrombosis. Circadian rhythms are involved in controlling inflammatory processes and metabolisms, which can influence the pathology of arteriosclerosis and thrombosis. Circadian clock genes are critical in maintaining the robust relationship between diurnal variation and the cardiovascular system. The circadian machinery in the vascular system may be a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The research on circadian rhythms in cardiovascular diseases is still progressing. In this review, we briefly summarize recent studies on circadian rhythms and cardiovascular homeostasis, focusing on the circadian control of inflammatory processes and metabolisms. Based on the recent findings, we discuss the potential target molecules for future therapeutic strategies against cardiovascular diseases by targeting the circadian clock.

scholarly journals Modeling and analysis of the impacts of jet lag on circadian rhythm and its role in tumor growth

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azka Hassan ◽  
Jamil Ahmad ◽  
Hufsah Ashraf ◽  
Amjad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Damage Control ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Biochemical Networks ◽  
Jet Lag ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Circadian Clock Proteins

Circadian rhythms maintain a 24 h oscillation pattern in metabolic, physiological and behavioral processes in all living organisms. Circadian rhythms are organized as biochemical networks located in hypothalamus and peripheral tissues. Rhythmicity in the expression of circadian clock genes plays a vital role in regulating the process of cell division and DNA damage control. The oncogenic protein, MYC and the tumor suppressor, p53 are directly influenced by the circadian clock. Jet lag and altered sleep/wake schedules prominently affect the expression of molecular clock genes. This study is focused on developing a Petri net model to analyze the impacts of long term jet lag on the circadian clock and its probable role in tumor progression. The results depict that jet lag disrupts the normal rhythmic behavior and expression of the circadian clock proteins. This disruption leads to persistent expression of MYC and suppressed expression of p53. Thus, it is inferred that jet lag altered circadian clock negatively affects the expressions of cell cycle regulatory genes and contribute in uncontrolled proliferation of tumor cells.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic and epigenomics atlas of myotubes reveals insight into the circadian control of metabolism and development

Epigenomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 701-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Altıntaş ◽  
Rhianna C Laker ◽  
Christian Garde ◽  
Romain Barrès ◽  
Juleen R Zierath
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Gene Ontology ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Oscillatory Behavior ◽  
Cpg Methylation ◽  
Rhythmic Expression ◽  
Cpg Sites ◽  
Circadian Control ◽  
Insight Into

Aim: Innate circadian rhythms are critical for optimal tissue-specific functions, including skeletal muscle, a major insulin-sensitive tissue responsible for glucose homeostasis. We determined whether transcriptional oscillations are associated with CpG methylation changes in skeletal muscle. Materials & methods: We performed rhythmicity analysis on the transcriptome and CpG methylome of circadian synchronized myotubes. Results: We identified several transcripts and CpG-sites displaying oscillatory behavior, which were enriched with Gene Ontology terms related to metabolism and development. Oscillating CpG methylation was associated with rhythmic expression of 31 transcripts. Conclusion: Although circadian oscillations may be regulated by rhythmic DNA methylation, strong rhythmic associations between transcriptome and CpG methylation were not identified. This resource constitutes a transcriptomic/epigenomic atlas of skeletal muscle and regulation of circadian rhythms.

scholarly journals Memories of Rhythms Past: Evidence for Hippocampal Core Clock Disruptions in a Murine Model of Western Diet-induced Obesity (OR32-02-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Woodie ◽  
Robert Johnson ◽  
Bulbul Ahmed ◽  
Michael Greene
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Diurnal Rhythms ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Molecular Clocks ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
The Core

Abstract Objectives Mammalian circadian rhythms are dictated by solar signals transmitted to the hypothalamic suprachaismatic nucleus (SCN). Although the SCN is the central clock for circadian rhythms, molecular clocks are found in every cell and are composed of the core clock proteins BMAL1, CLOCK/NPAS2, Period (Per) and Cryptochrome (Cry). Disruptions in the core clock occur in peripheral tissues after Western diet (WD) feeding and contribute to WD-induced metabolic disease. The mammalian center of memory, the hippocampus, is also sensitive to WD-induced dysfunction, but whether the WD disrupts the hippocampal core clock is not known. The present research explores this gap in our knowledge by examining hippocampal core clock rhythmicity in a mouse model of WD-induced obesity. Methods Mice were maintained on either standard rodent chow with tap water or a 45%/kcal fat WD with a 4% sugar solution (WD + S). Diurnal metabolic rhythms were collected for 24 h in metabolic cages during the 16th week of diet exposure. Livers, hypothalami and hippocampi were then collected at 4-h increments over 24 h. mRNA expression was measured using RT-qPCR and assessed by cosinor-based rhythmometry. Results WD + S feeding significantly increased body weight and normalized liver weight (P < 0.001) and significantly dampened diurnal rhythms of whole-body metabolism (P < 0.05). As expected, the WD + S also induced significant alterations in the hepatic rhythmicity of bmal1 and cry1 expression (P < 0.05). In line with previous findings, the rhythm of the hypothalamic core clock did not significantly differ between the dietary groups. The hippocampal core clock, however, was significantly disrupted by the WD + S. Bmal1 and npas2 expression were phase shifted by 16 and 4 h, respectively, while per2 expression was significantly amplified across all measured time points in the WD + S group (P < 0.01). Conclusions WD + S feeding significantly alters the rhythmicity of core clock mRNA expression in the hippocampus. These results indicate that diet-induced disruptions of the core clock may have implications in memory diseases with significant circadian etiologies, such as Alzheimer's disease. Funding Sources Funding was provided by the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station and the Auburn University Center for Neuroscience Initiative.

Effects of short-term starvation on the rhythmic expression of microRNAs in skeletal muscle of goldfish (Carassius auratus )

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 726-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Wu ◽  
Jun Shi ◽  
Chengyong Yang ◽  
Fangliang Zhang ◽  
Yulong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rhythmic Expression ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus
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