scholarly journals Characterization of the Petrophysical Properties of the Timahdit Oil Shale Layers in Morocco

Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Hanane Sghiouri El Idrissi ◽  
Abderrahim Samaouali ◽  
Younes El Rhaffari ◽  
Salah El Alami ◽  
Yves Geraud
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Thermal Diffusivity ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Velocity Ratio ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
S Wave ◽  
Wave Velocities ◽  
The Impact

In this work, we study the variability of the lithological composition and organic matter content of samples were taken from the different layers M, X and Y of the Timahdit oil shale in Morocco, in order to experimentally analyze the impact of this variability on petrophysical measurements. The objective of this study is to predict the properties of the layers, including their thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, porosity and P and S wave velocities. The results of the study of the impact of the organic matter content of the samples on the petrophysical measurements show that, regardless of the organic matter content, thermal conductivity and diffusivity remain insensitive, while P and S wave velocities decrease linearly and porosity increases with increasing organic matter content. On the other hand, the study of the organic matter variability content is consistent with the velocity ratio, so can be used as an organic matter indicator of the layers. Conductivity and thermal diffusivity are almost invariant to the variability of the organic matter.

Assessing the impact of dissolved organic carbon changes on disinfectant stability in a distribution system

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
C. Campos ◽  
Ph. Harmant
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Organic Carbon Concentration ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
The Impact

Maintaining disinfectant residuals throughout the entire water distribution system is considered an efficient strategy to guarantee the biological stability of drinking water as it flows from the plant to the customer tap. Dosed at the plant, the disinfectant disappears in the distribution system due to reactions with both water and pipe constituents. Among them, certain fractions of the organic matter content are directly responsible for the loss of disinfectant. This study presents an example of the impact of the organic matter UV absorbance on free chlorine decay for a surface water. In addition, this study illustrates the use of laboratory experiments together with a water quality model as a valuable tool to predict the impact of organic carbon concentration changes on chlorine residuals in interconnected distribution systems.

scholarly journals Soil Quality in Agroecological Production Areas in Southern Brazil: Indicators Based on Farmers' Perception

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Jacir João Chies ◽  
Helvio Debli Casalinho ◽  
Lizete Stumpf ◽  
Marília Alves Brito Pinto ◽  
Leonir Aldrigui Dutra Junior
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
History Of ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
The Impact

Farmers' local knowledge about soil quality and management practices should be considered to assess the impact of agricultural technology packages on the environmental performance of agro-ecosystems. This study aimed to evaluate the soil quality under agroecological production in southern Brazil, which was considered of good quality by the farmers' perception. From August to November 2017, ten farms from Liberdade settlement were visited, and semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect information about soil and agricultural knowledge. “What does good quality soil mean? What cares for preserve soil quality? Does the soil location in landscape influence conservation practices?” were the questions asked. In May 2018, soil samples were collected from each area, and chemical, physical, and biological attributes were determined. All farmers mentioned the organic matter indicated good soil quality; however, the study showed that most soils have low content, a consequence of the annual tillage adopted by all farmers for the implantation of seeds crops; Farmers indicated that a good quality soil has "life" with the presence of organisms. In our study, a low population of mites and springtails in most areas was observed. Positive farmers’ perception about the organic matter content and soil organism’s presence in their agroecological production areas come from the degradation history of the areas, at the same time that they attribute improvements in soil quality due to the actions adopted over the 10 years of agroecological production.

scholarly journals Response of respiration and nutrient availability to drying and rewetting in soil from a semi-arid woodland depends on vegetation patch and a recent wild fire

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 8723-8745
Author(s):  
Q. Sun ◽  
W. S. Meyer ◽  
G. Koerber ◽  
P. Marschner
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Available N ◽  
Wild Fire ◽  
Drying And Rewetting ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vegetation Patches ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. Semi-arid woodlands, which are characterised by patchy vegetation interspersed with bare, open areas, are frequently exposed to wild fire. During summer, long dry periods are occasionally interrupted by rainfall events. It is well-known that rewetting of dry soil induces a flush of respiration. However, the magnitude of the flush may differ between vegetation patches and open areas because of different organic matter content which could be further modulated by wild fire. Soils were collected from under trees, under shrubs or in open areas in unburnt and burnt sandy Mallee woodland, where part of the woodland experienced a wild fire which destroyed or damaged most of the aboveground plant parts four months before sampling. In an incubation experiment, the soils were exposed to two moisture treatments: constantly moist (CM) and drying and rewetting (DRW). In CM, soils were incubated at 80% of maximum water holding capacity for 19 days; In DRW, soils were dried for four days, kept dry for another five days, then rewet to 80% WHC and maintained at this water content until day 19. Soil respiration decreased during drying and was very low in the dry period; rewetting induced a respiration flush. Compared to soil under shrubs and in open areas, cumulative respiration per g soil in CM and DRW was greater under trees, but lower when expressed per g TOC. Organic matter content, available P, and microbial biomass C, but not available N were greater under trees than in open areas. Wild fire decreased the flush of respiration per g TOC in the open areas and under shrubs, and reduced TOC and MBC concentrations only under trees, but had little effect on available N and P concentrations. We conclude that of the impact wild fire and DRW events on nutrient cycling differ among vegetation patches of a native semiarid woodland which is related to organic matter amount and availability.

scholarly journals Impact of rainfall on spatio-temporal distribution of sediment organic matter along the Chittagong Coast, Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-186
Author(s):  
Avijit Talukder ◽  
Debbrota Mallick ◽  
Shamindra Nath Mandal ◽  
Ishrat Zahan Anka ◽  
Milan Kumar Shiuli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Rainfall Pattern ◽  
Sediment Organic Matter ◽  
Precipitation Pattern ◽  
Tide Level ◽  
The Impact

Sediment organic matter regulates the coastal biogeochemical cycle which is influenced by rainfall pattern and has potential relationship with organic carbon as well as mud characteristics. The objective of present research was to identify the impact of precipitation on the spatiotemporal variation inorganic features of intertidal mudflats. Three locations were selected in freshwater zone; two were in brackish water region and last three locations situated in marine waters from Halda to Salimpur coast. Two sites from each location were designated as the highest high tide level (onshore) and lowest low tide level (offshore) of the intertidal zone during winter (December to February) and monsoon (June to August) spanning between 2013 and 2014. Sediment organic matter and carbon were measured by combustion and Walkey-Black wet oxidation in turn. Average organic matter content in monsoon were found 4.5±0.03, 2.3±0.01 and 2.4 in freshwater, brackish and marine locations whereas 5.2±0.6, 3.9±0.14 and 5.4±0.04% investigated during winter. Precipitation pattern varies from different seasons and locations that have impact on land runoff, freshwater inflow, mixing and circulation. Mud dominated coastal intertidal zones represented high organic matter content than sand dominated coast. Furthermore, depositional pattern, transport, erosion-accretion processes, tidal action, wave characteristics and seasonal inconstancy control the organic matter characteristics in the coastal sediment. This research suggests the necessity of periodic observation of rainfall pattern and organic matter distribution to assess the intertidal deposits which support the stabilization of local geomorphology and biogeochemistry in Chittagong coastal region.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(1): 175-186, April 2016

Neonicotinoids in the Environment- Fate and Impact

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Potts ◽  
David Jones ◽  
Richard Pywell ◽  
Andy Macdonald ◽  
Paul Cross
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
The Impact

<p>Over the last half century, society’s dependence on insect-assisted pollination of crops has risen by over 300% globally, while recent findings have estimated a 76% decline in flying insect biomass over the last 27 years. These losses in invertebrate numbers are thought to be due to a possible combination of various factors including parasites and diseases, agricultural intensification, climate change and possible chemical exposure including pesticides such as neonicotinoids.</p><p>Neonicotinoids are one of the most widely used insecticides on the global market. Their systemic mechanisms allow for ease of application and relatively successful outcomes in controlling biting and sucking invertebrates, however neonicotinoids have been strongly associated with recent declines in non-target organisms. Many neonicotinoids come directly in contact with the soil, either through application as a seed coating or soil drench, or through spray drift and drip from foliar applications. Relatively little research has focussed on the movement, fate and interactions of these chemicals in UK soils under general field management strategies, although evidence suggests that the addition of soil bio-amendments, such as fertilisers, can influence the mechanisms behind pesticide mobility.</p><p>My study aims to quantify the effects of Acetamiprid-based pesticide mixtures on below-ground soil functions, through the analysis of their movement and behaviour in soils of contrasting organic matter contents. A secondary aim is to assess the impact of neonicotinoids on select non-target organisms.</p><p>We used <sup>14</sup>C labelled Acetamiprid to track the behaviour of the mixtures compared to the pure active ingredient. Previous research has only used the pure active ingredient, however this isn’t representative of true field scenarios. These spiked pesticides were added to soils of contrasting organic matter content collected from a long-term experiment at Woburn Experimental Farm, Rothamsted Research. We assessed the behaviour of these mixtures across a range of leaching, sorption and mineralisation experiments.</p><p>The mineralisation of all mixtures was found to be comparatively slow, with <23% of any given chemical/SOM combination being mineralised over the 60 day experimental period. The highest mineralisation rates were in samples with the highest SOM levels. The preliminary leaching data found that >80% of each chemical was recovered from the soil during the experiment. This, combined with low sorption and mineralisation rates, suggests that neonicotinoids are highly persistent within the environment.</p><p>Ongoing work is being conducted to investigate the knock-on impacts and biological implications of acetamiprid use under true field conditions.</p>

scholarly journals Influence of field slope and coffee plantation age on the physical properties of a red-yellow Latosol

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piero Iori ◽  
Moacir de Souza Dias Junior ◽  
Ayodele Ebenezer Ajayi ◽  
Paulo Tácito Gontijo Guimarães ◽  
Áureo Aparecido Abreu Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Coffee Plantation ◽  
Plantation Age ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wheel Track

In modern agriculture, several factors cause changes in the soil physical properties. The time of establishment of a crop (plantation age) and the slope are examples of factors that moderate the impact of mechanized operations on the soil structure. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of machinery traffic on the physical properties of a Red-Yellow Latosol under coffee plantations with different ages (2, 7, 18, and 33 years) and slope positions (3, 9 and 15 %). Samples were collected from three positions between coffee rows (lower wheel track, inter-row and upper wheel track) and at two depths (surface layer and sub-surface). Changes in the total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity, organic matter, bulk density, and aggregate stability were investigated. Our results showed that the slope influenced the organic matter content, microporosity and aggregate stability. The soil samples under the inter-row were minimally damaged in their structure, compared to those from under the lower and upper wheel track, while the structure was better preserved under the lower than the upper track. The time since the establishment of the crop, i.e., the plantation age, was the main factor determining the extent of structural degradation in the coffee plantation.

scholarly journals A Study of the Impact of Municipal Solid Waste on Some Soil Physicochemical Properties: The Case of the Landfill of Ain-El-Hammam Municipality, Algeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saïda Mouhoun-Chouaki ◽  
Arezki Derridj ◽  
Djaber Tazdaït ◽  
Rym Salah-Tazdaït
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
The Impact

Discharging of untreated municipal solid wastes (MSWs) onto land is very widespread in developing countries. The compounds contained in MSW cause a harmful effect to human and environment. Hence, an assessment of the extent of their local impact is of great interest to figure out the pollution they cause. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the effects of discharge of solid wastes on soil quality within the landfill of Ain-El-Hammam municipality (Algeria). To achieve this, different soil physicochemical parameters were considered: granulometry, electrical conductivity, pH, organic matter content, and heavy metal concentration. The results indicated the influence of the MSW on the physicochemical characteristics of the soil by enhancing the organic matter content of soil (4.53%) and increasing heavy metal content (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, and Cr), which is a clear indication of the level of pollution they are generating.

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