scholarly journals Complex-Valued Wavelet Spectrum Analysis of Respiratory Conditions and Its Feasibility in the Detection of Low-Functional Respiration

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 981
Author(s):  
Yoshikazu Nakajima ◽  
Takaaki Sugino ◽  
Masashi Kobayashi ◽  
Yasuhiro Nakashima ◽  
Yohei Wada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Volume ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Functional Condition ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Wavelet Spectrum ◽  
Displacement Sensor ◽  
Respiratory Condition ◽  
Respiration Monitoring ◽  
Respiratory Conditions ◽  
Complex Valued

Respiratory monitoring is a significant issue to reduce patient risks and medical staff labor in postoperative care and epidemic infection, particularly after the COVID-19 pandemic. Oximetry is widely used for respiration monitoring in the clinic, but it sometimes fails to capture a low-functional respiratory condition even though a patient has breathing difficulty. Another approach is breathing-sound monitoring, but this is unstable due to the indirect measurement of lung volume. Kobayashi in our team is developing a sensor measuring temporal changes in lung volume with a displacement sensor attached across the sixth and eighth ribs. For processing these respiratory signals, we propose the combination of complex-valued wavelet transform and the correlation among spectrum sequences. We present the processing results and discuss its feasibility to detect a low-functional condition in respiration. The result for detecting low-functional respiration showed good performance with a sensitivity of 0.88 and specificity of 0.88 to 1 in its receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

scholarly journals The role of chronic conditions in influencing symptom attribution and anticipated help-seeking for potential lung cancer symptoms: a vignette-based study

BJGP Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. bjgpopen20X101086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aradhna Kaushal ◽  
Jo Waller ◽  
Christian von Wagner ◽  
Sonja Kummer ◽  
Katriina Whitaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Respiratory Condition ◽  
Cancer Symptoms ◽  
Persistent Cough ◽  
Symptom Attribution ◽  
Respiratory Conditions ◽  
Potential Cancer

BackgroundVery little is known about the influence of chronic conditions on symptom attribution and help-seeking for potential cancer symptoms.AimTo determine if symptom attribution and anticipated help-seeking for potential lung cancer symptoms is influenced by pre-existing respiratory conditions (often referred to as comorbidity), such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Design & settingA total of 2143 adults (1081 with and 1062 without a respiratory condition) took part in an online vignette survey.MethodThe vignette described potential lung cancer symptoms (persistent cough and breathlessness) after which questions were asked on symptom attribution and anticipated help-seeking.ResultsAttribution of symptoms to cancer was similar in participants with and without respiratory conditions (21.5% and 22.1%, respectively). Participants with respiratory conditions, compared with those without, were more likely to attribute the new or changing cough and breathlessness to asthma or COPD (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 3.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.02 to 4.39). Overall, 56.5% of participants reported intention to seek help from a GP within 3 weeks if experiencing the potential lung cancer symptoms. Having a respiratory condition increased the odds of prompt help-seeking (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.49). Regular healthcare appointments were associated with higher odds of anticipated help-seeking.ConclusionOnly one in five participants identified persistent cough and breathlessness as potential cancer symptoms, and half said they would promptly seek help from a GP, indicating scope for promoting help-seeking for new or changing symptoms. Chronic respiratory conditions did not appear to interfere with anticipated help-seeking, which might be explained by regular appointments to manage chronic conditions.

Mammogram Analysis using League Championship Algorithm Optimized Ensembled FCRN Classifier

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saraswathi D ◽  
Srinivasan E
Keyword(s):  
Roc Curve ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Texture Features ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Good Classification ◽  
Mammogram Image ◽  
The Given ◽  
Complex Valued

An intelligent mammogram diagnosis system can be very helpful for radiologist in detecting the abnormalities earlier than typical screening techniques. This paper investigates a new classification approach for detection of breast abnormalities in digital mammograms using League Championship Algorithm Optimized Ensembled Fully Complex valued Relaxation Network (LCA-FCRN). The proposed algorithm is based on extracting curvelet fractal texture features from the mammograms and classifying the suspicious regions by applying a pattern classifier. The whole system includes steps for pre-processing, feature extraction, feature selection and classification to classify whether the given input mammogram image is normal or abnormal. The method is applied to MIAS database of 322 film mammograms. The performance of the CAD system is analysed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. This curve indicates the trade-offs between sensitivity and specificity that is available from a diagnostic system, and thus describes the inherent discrimination capacity of the proposed system. The result shows that the area under the ROC curve of the proposed algorithm is 0.985 with a sensitivity of 98.1% and specificity of 92.105%. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can form an effective CAD system, and achieve good classification accuracy.

scholarly journals Safety of corticosteroids in young children with acute respiratory conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e028511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo M Fernandes ◽  
Aireen Wingert ◽  
Ben Vandermeer ◽  
Robin Featherstone ◽  
Samina Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Inhaled Corticosteroid ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Respiratory Condition ◽  
Systemic Corticosteroids ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
One Year ◽  
Respiratory Conditions

ObjectiveAdverse events (AEs) associated with short-term corticosteroid use for respiratory conditions in young children.DesignSystematic review of primary studies.Data sourcesMedline, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase and regulatory agencies were searched September 2014; search was updated in 2017.Eligibility criteriaChildren <6 years with acute respiratory condition, given inhaled (high-dose) or systemic corticosteroids up to 14 days.Data extraction and synthesisOne reviewer extracted with another reviewer verifying data. Study selection and methodological quality (McHarm scale) involved duplicate independent reviews. We extracted AEs reported by study authors and used a categorisation model by organ systems. Meta-analyses used Peto ORs (pORs) and DerSimonian Laird inverse variance method utilising Mantel-Haenszel Q statistic, with 95% CI. Subgroup analyses were conducted for respiratory condition and dose.ResultsEighty-five studies (11 505 children) were included; 68 were randomised trials. Methodological quality was poor overall due to lack of assessment and inadequate reporting of AEs. Meta-analysis (six studies; n=1373) found fewer cases of vomiting comparing oral dexamethasone with prednisone (pOR 0.29, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.48; I2=0%). The mean difference in change-from-baseline height after one year between inhaled corticosteroid and placebo was 0.10 cm (two studies, n=268; 95% CI −0.47 to 0.67). Results from five studies with heterogeneous interventions, comparators and measurements were not pooled; one study found a smaller mean change in height z-score with recurrent high-dose inhaled fluticasone over one year. No significant differences were found comparing systemic or inhaled corticosteroid with placebo, or between corticosteroids, for other AEs; CIs around estimates were often wide, due to small samples and few events.ConclusionsEvidence suggests that short-term high-dose inhaled or systemic corticosteroids use is not associated with an increase in AEs across organ systems. Uncertainties remain, particularly for recurrent use and growth outcomes, due to low study quality, poor reporting and imprecision.

scholarly journals A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of virtual reality as an exercise intervention for individuals with a respiratory condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Condon ◽  
Wing Tung Lam ◽  
Chiara Mosley ◽  
Suzanne Gough
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Respiratory Condition ◽  
Exercise Rehabilitation ◽  
Respiratory Conditions

Abstract Background Respiratory diseases impose an immense health burden worldwide and affect millions of people on a global scale. Reduction of exercise tolerance poses a huge health issue affecting patients with a respiratory condition, which is caused by skeletal muscle dysfunction and weakness and by lung function impairment. Virtual reality systems are emerging technologies that have drawn scientists’ attention to its potential benefit for rehabilitation. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis following the PRISMA guidelines was performed to explore the effectiveness of virtual reality gaming and exergaming-based interventions on individuals with respiratory conditions. Results Differences between the virtual reality intervention and traditional exercise rehabilitation revealed weak to insignificant effect size for mean heart rate (standardized mean difference, SMD = 0.17; p = 0.002), peak heart rate (SMD = 0.36; p = 0.27), dyspnea (SMD = 0.32; p = 0.13), and oxygen saturation SpO2 (SMD = 0.26; p = 0.096). In addition, other measures were collected, however, to the heterogeneity of reporting, could not be included in the meta-analysis. These included adherence, enjoyment, and drop-out rates. Conclusions The use of VRS as an intervention can provide options for rehabilitation, given their moderate effect for dyspnea and equivalent to weak effect for mean and maximum peak HR and SpO2. However, the use of virtual reality systems, as an intervention, needs further study since the literature lacks standardized methods to accurately analyze the effects of virtual reality for individuals with respiratory conditions, especially for duration, virtual reality system type, adherence, adverse effects, feasibility, enjoyment, and quality of life.

scholarly journals Nails: The Window to the Nose? Update on Yellow Nail Syndrome

2020 ◽  
pp. e2020031
Author(s):  
Laura Vollono ◽  
Marco Adriano Chessa ◽  
Antonio Bruno ◽  
Michela Starace ◽  
Aurora Alessandrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Yellow Nail Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Condition ◽  
Previous Trauma ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Conditions ◽  
Respiratory Conditions

Background: Yellow nail syndrome is a rare condition characterized by typical nail alterations and variable presence of lymphedema and respiratory disease. The pathogenesis is still obscure, with most of the literature deriving from case reports and few investigations. The most reported respiratory conditions associated with yellow nail syndrome are pleural effusion and bronchiectasis, whereas association with rhinosinusitis is rarer. Objectives: To describe a case of yellow nail syndrome and to provide a literature review regarding this condition, discussing pathogenetic hypothesis, associated conditions, and therapeutic options. Patients/Methods: A 49-year-old man presented with arrested growth and alterations of his nails, without any history of previous trauma or inflammation but with a severe nasal septum deviation and a history of chronic rhinosinusitis. A diagnosis of yellow nail syndrome was made. Results: Six months after undergoing rhinoseptoplasty and treatment with oral vitamin E, the patient’s nails were cured. Conclusions: This case emphasizes the role of the dermatologist in detecting systemic conditions. The correct diagnosis led to complete resolution of both nail alterations and associated respiratory condition.

scholarly journals Does the Implementation of Children's Hospital in the Home affect Health Outcomes for Children with Chronic Respiratory Conditions? A non-contemporary retrospective cohort comparison study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Senyard ◽  
Kelly Weir ◽  
Megan Rutherford
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
P Value ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Respiratory Condition ◽  
Cohort Comparison ◽  
Outcomes For Children ◽  
Respiratory Conditions ◽  
Inpatient Length Of Stay

Objective To investigate whether the implementation of a Children’s Hospital in the Home (CHITH) service affects clinical and service outcomes for children with chronic respiratory conditions including cystic fibrosis and non-CF bronchiectasis. Study Design A non-contemporary retrospective cohort comparison study. Setting/Patients Children aged between 1 and 17.99 years who were admitted to Gold Coast University Hospital (GCUH) with a chronic respiratory condition for pulmonary optimisation were eligible. Methods A clinical audit was utilised to compare children with chronic respiratory conditions who were admitted to GCUH in (a) the 12 months prior to implementation of CHITH and (b) the 12-month period following the implementation of CHITH. Outcomes of interest included lung function; inpatient length of stay (days); duration on intravenous antibiotics and weight gain. Normally distributed data was compared using the t-test, while non-parametric data was analysed with the Mann-Whitney test. Results Data was analysed from 58 admissions, 27 (46.55%) of which occurred in the 12 months of traditional management and 31 (53.45%) in the 12 months following the implementation of the CHITH service. A statistically significant reduction in inpatient length of stay was noted following implementation of the CHITH service: 14.25 versus 6.0 days (p-value=0.0001). The pre-CHITH cohort had a non-significant mean improvement of 7.625% in their FEV1 (pred%) compared to 9.75% in the CHITH cohort (p-value=0.44). There was no significant difference in the secondary clinical outcomes. Conclusion The CHITH service provided equitable clinical outcomes for children with a chronic respiratory condition whilst significantly reducing inpatient length of stay.

scholarly journals Bronchial Clearance Physiotherapy in Pediatrics. A Controlled, Randomized, Multicenter Study of the Short-Term Effects on Respiration during Outpatient Care for Infants with Acute Bronchiolitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. e155-e162
Author(s):  
S. Sebban ◽  
D. Evenou ◽  
C. Jung ◽  
C. Fausser ◽  
S. Durand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severity Score ◽  
Outpatient Care ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Respiratory Condition ◽  
Clinical Severity Score ◽  
Outpatient Settings ◽  
Respiratory Conditions ◽  
Term Benefit

Abstract Objectives The use of chest physiotherapy (CP) has not, to date, been shown to be effective in the care of infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis. However, it has not yet been studied in outpatient settings. The aim of our study was to examine the short-term benefit of CP with the increased exhalation technique (IET) on the respiratory conditions of nonhospitalized infants. Methods Our research consisted of a multicenter, randomized, controlled, single-blind study of infants under 1 year old. A decrease in the severity score of the infants' respiratory condition was compared between two groups: one receiving CP and one without CP. Eighty-two infants were randomized: 41 in the CP group and 41 in the control group. Blinded assessors determined the Wang Clinical Severity Score at inclusion (T0) and 30 minutes later (T1) for each group. Results Improvement in the severity score was observed for 29 infants (70.7%) in the group receiving CP, compared with 4 infants (9.76%) in the control group (p < 0.001). The mean decrease in the Wang Clinical Severity Score was −2 (±1.32) in the group receiving physiotherapy compared with −0.22 (±0.99) in the control group (p < 0.001). Conclusion For outpatient care of infants with bronchiolitis, the results of this study suggest that CP with IET leads to a short-term improvement of mucus airway obstruction parameters.

Ultrastructural aspects of gymnosperms reproductive organs tissues due to their functional condition

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-441
Author(s):  
G. M. Kozubov
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Functional Condition ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Complicated Structure ◽  
Tetrad Stage ◽  
Ubisch Bodies ◽  
Similar Organization ◽  
Female Reproductive Organs ◽  
High Metabolic Activity

The ultrastructure of reproductive organs of pine, spruce, larch and ginkgo was investigated. It was found that the male reproductive organs possess similar organization. The most considerable change in the ultrastructure of the microsporocytes occur in meiosis. Sporoderm is being laid at the late tetrad stage. The cells of the male gameto-phyte are distinguished according to the metabolic activity of the or- ganells. They are most weakly developed in the spermiogenic cell. Ta-petum of the gymnosperms is of the periplasmodic - secretorial type. The Ubisch bodies which possess similar structure in the types investigated but are specific in details in different species are produced in tapetum.Parietal and subepidermal layers are distinguished for their high metabolic activity and are capable of the autonomous photosynthesis. Female reproductive organs differ more greatly in their struture and have the most complicated structure in primitive groups. On the first stages of their formation the inner cells of nucellus are transformed into the nucellar tapetum in which the structures similar to the Ubisch bodies taking part in the formation of the sporoderm of female gametophyte have been found.

Arterial stiffness is a potential mechanism and promising indicator of orthostatic hypotension in the general population

VASA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 423-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingtao Meng ◽  
Si Wang ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Shixi Wan ◽  
Kai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Orthostatic Hypotension ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Baroreceptor Sensitivity ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis

Background: Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a disease prevalent among middle-aged men and the elderly. The association between arterial stiffness and OH is unclear. This study evaluates whether arterial stiffness is correlated with OH and tests the usefulness of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), an arterial stiffness marker, with regard to identifying OH. Patients and methods: A sample of 1,010 participants was recruited from the general population (64.8 ± 7.7 years; 426 men) who attended health check-ups. BaPWV and the radial augmentation index (rAI) were both assessed as the arterial stiffness markers, and OH was determined using blood pressure (BP) measured in the supine position, as well as 30 seconds and 2 minutes after standing. Results: The prevalence of OH in this population was 4.9 %. Compared with the non-OH group, both baPWV (20.5 ± 4.5 vs 17.3 ± 3.7, p < 0.001) and rAI (88.1 ± 10.8 vs 84.2 ± 10.7, p < 0.05) were significantly higher in the OH group. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, baPWV (OR, 1.3; 95 % CI, 1.106–1.528; p < 0.05) remained associated with OH. Moreover, the degree of orthostatic BP reduction was related to arterial stiffness. In addition, increases in arterial stiffness predicted decreases in the degree of heart rate (HR) elevation. Finally, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that baPWV was useful in discriminating OH (AUC, 0.721; p < 0.001), with the cut-off value of 18.58 m/s (sensitivity, 0.714; specificity, 0.686). Conclusions: Arterial stiffness determined via baPWV, rather than rAI, was significantly correlated with the attenuation of the orthostatic hemodynamic response and the resultant OH. The impaired baroreceptor sensitivity might be the mechanism. In addition, baPWV appears to be a relatively sensitive and reliable indicator of OH in routine clinical practice.

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