scholarly journals Nasal Microbiota Modifies the Effects of Particulate Air Pollution on Plasma Extracellular Vesicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacopo Mariani ◽  
Chiara Favero ◽  
Michele Carugno ◽  
Laura Pergoli ◽  
Luca Ferrari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis ◽  
Particulate Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Multivariable Analyses ◽  
Pollution Exposure ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nasal Microbiota

Air pollution exposure has been linked to modifications of both extracellular vesicle (EV) concentration and nasal microbiota structure (NMB), which might act as the respiratory health gatekeeper. This study aimed to assess whether an unbalanced NMB could modify the effect of particulate matter (PM) exposure on plasmatic EV levels. Due to two different NMB taxonomical profiles characterized by a widely different relative abundance of the Moraxella genus, the enrolled population was stratified into Mor− (balanced NMB) and Mor+ (unbalanced NMB) groups (Moraxella genus’s cut-off ≤25% and >25%, respectively). EV features were assessed by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and flow-cytometry (FC). Multivariable analyses were applied on EV outcomes to evaluate a possible association between PM10 and PM2.5 and plasmatic EV levels. The Mor− group revealed positive associations between PM levels and plasmatic CD105+ EVs (GMR = 4.39 p = 0.02) as for total EV count (GMR = 1.92 p = 0.02). Conversely, the Mor+ group showed a negative association between exposure and EV outcomes (CD66+ GMR = 0.004 p = 0.01; EpCAM+ GMR = 0.005 p = 0.01). Our findings provide an insight regarding how a balanced NMB may help to counteract PM exposure effects in terms of plasmatic EV concentration. Further research is necessary to understand the relationship between the host and the NMB to disentangle the mechanism exerted by inhaled pollutants in modulating EVs and NMB.

scholarly journals Growth, Pollution, and Life Expectancy: China from 1991–2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 226-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avraham Ebenstein ◽  
Maoyong Fan ◽  
Michael Greenstone ◽  
Guojun He ◽  
Peng Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Particulate Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Pollution Exposure ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines the relationship between income, pollution, and mortality in China from 1991-2012. Using first-difference models, we document a robust positive association between city-level GDP and life expectancy. We also find a negative association between city-level particulate air pollution exposure and life expectancy that is driven by elevated cardiorespiratory mortality rates. The results suggest that while China's unprecedented economic growth over the last two decades is associated with health improvements, pollution has served as a countervailing force.

scholarly journals Maternal immune response and air pollution exposure during pregnancy: insights from the Early Markers for Autism (EMA) study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather E. Volk ◽  
Bo Park ◽  
Calliope Hollingue ◽  
Karen L. Jones ◽  
Paul Ashwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Prenatal Screening ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Maternal Immune Activation ◽  
Early Markers ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Pollution Exposure ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Perinatal exposure to air pollution and immune system dysregulation are two factors consistently associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, little is known about how air pollution may influence maternal immune function during pregnancy. Objectives To assess the relationship between mid-gestational circulating levels of maternal cytokines/chemokines and previous month air pollution exposure across neurodevelopmental groups, and to assess whether cytokines/chemokines mediate the relationship between air pollution exposures and risk of ASD and/or intellectual disability (ID) in the Early Markers for Autism (EMA) study. Methods EMA is a population-based, nested case–control study which linked archived maternal serum samples collected during weeks 15–19 of gestation for routine prenatal screening, birth records, and Department of Developmental Services (DDS) records. Children receiving DDS services for ASD without intellectual disability (ASD without ID; n = 199), ASD with ID (ASD with ID; n = 180), ID without ASD (ID; n = 164), and children from the general population (GP; n = 414) with no DDS services were included in this analysis. Serum samples were quantified for 22 cytokines/chemokines using Luminex multiplex analysis technology. Air pollution exposure for the month prior to maternal serum collection was assigned based on the Environmental Protection Agency’s Air Quality System data using the maternal residential address reported during the prenatal screening visit. Results Previous month air pollution exposure and mid-gestational maternal cytokine and chemokine levels were significantly correlated, though weak in magnitude (ranging from − 0.16 to 0.13). Ten pairs of mid-pregnancy immune markers and previous month air pollutants were significantly associated within one of the child neurodevelopmental groups, adjusted for covariates (p < 0.001). Mid-pregnancy air pollution was not associated with any neurodevelopmental outcome. IL-6 remained associated with ASD with ID even after adjusting for air pollution exposure. Conclusion This study suggests that maternal immune activation is associated with risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. Furthermore, that prenatal air pollution exposure is associated with small, but perhaps biologically relevant, effects on maternal immune system function during pregnancy. Additional studies are needed to better evaluate how prenatal exposure to air pollution affects the trajectory of maternal immune activation during pregnancy, if windows of heightened susceptibility can be identified, and how these factors influence neurodevelopment of the offspring.

scholarly journals Prenatal particulate air pollution exposure and expression of the miR-17/92 cluster in cord blood: Findings from the ENVIRONAGE birth cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 105860
Author(s):  
Maria Tsamou ◽  
Tim S. Nawrot ◽  
Riccardo M. Carollo ◽  
Ann-Julie Trippas ◽  
Wouter Lefebvre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Particulate Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Pollution Exposure

Prenatal particulate air pollution exposure and cord blood homocysteine in newborns: Results from the ENVIRONAGE birth cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 507-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janneke G.F. Hogervorst ◽  
Narjes Madhloum ◽  
Nelly D. Saenen ◽  
Bram G. Janssen ◽  
Joris Penders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Particulate Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Pollution Exposure

scholarly journals Air pollution interventions and respiratory health: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Saleh ◽  
W. Shepherd ◽  
C. Jewell ◽  
N. L. Lam ◽  
J. Balmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Exposure Reduction ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Pollution Exposure

BACKGROUND: Indoor and ambient air pollution exposure is a major risk to respiratory health worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Interventional trials have mainly focused on alternatives to cooking stoves, with mixed results. Beyond cooking, additional sources of particulate matter also contribute to the burden of air pollution exposure. This review explores evidence from current randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the clinical effectiveness of interventions to reduce particulate matter in LMICs.METHODS: Twelve databases and the grey literature (e.g., Government reports and policy papers) were searched. Eligible studies were RCTs conducted in LMICs aiming to reduce particulate exposure from any source and reporting on at least one clinical respiratory outcome (respiratory symptoms, lung function or clinical diagnoses). Data from relevant studies were systematically extracted, the risk of bias assessed and narrative synthesis provided.RESULTS: Of the 14 included studies, 12 tested ‘improved' cookstoves, most using biomass, but solar and bioethanol cookers were also included. One trial used solar lamps and another was an integrated intervention incorporating behavioural and environmental components for the treatment and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Of the six studies reporting child pneumonia outcomes, none demonstrated significant benefit in intention-to-treat analysis. Ten studies reported respiratory symptom outcomes with some improvements seen, but self-reporting made these outcomes highly vulnerable to bias. Substantial inter-study clinical and methodological heterogeneity precluded calculation of pooled effect estimates.CONCLUSION: Evidence from the RCTs performed to date suggests that individual household-level interventions for air pollution exposure reduction have limited benefits for respiratory health. More comprehensive approaches to air pollution exposure reduction must be developed so their potential health benefits can be assessed.

scholarly journals Prenatal particulate air pollution exposure and sleep disruption in preschoolers: Windows of susceptibility

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 329-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonali Bose ◽  
Kristie R. Ross ◽  
Maria J. Rosa ◽  
Yueh-Hsiu Mathilda Chiu ◽  
Allan Just ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Sleep Disruption ◽  
Particulate Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Windows Of Susceptibility ◽  
Pollution Exposure
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document