scholarly journals Diagnosis-Specific Sickness Absence and Subsequent Common Mental Disorders: A Register-Linkage Cohort Study among Finnish Public Sector Employees

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 782
Author(s):  
Elina Mauramo ◽  
Tea Lallukka ◽  
Minna Mänty ◽  
Hilla Sumanen ◽  
Olli Pietiläinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Musculoskeletal Diseases ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Health Study

Sickness absence is associated with poor health outcomes, but little is known about its consequences for general mental health. This study examined the associations between diagnosis-specific sickness absence and subsequent common mental disorders (CMD). Register data on medically certified all-cause sickness absence and sickness absence due to mental disorders and musculoskeletal diseases from 2004–2007 were linked to the Helsinki Health Study 2007 and 2012 survey data on City of Helsinki employees in Finland (N = 3560). Using logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression, we analysed the associations between the total number of reimbursed sickness absence days in 2004-7 and CMD General Health Questionnaire 12) in 2007 and 2012 and CMD changes. Sickness absence due to mental disorders (age- and sex-adjusted odds ratio (OR)range: 2.16 to 2.93), musculoskeletal diseases (OR range: 2.79 to 2.93) and all-cause sickness absence (OR range: 1.48 to 3.20) were associated with CMD in 2007. In 2012, associations with lower ORs were observed. Associations were also found with changing and especially repeated (OR range: 1.49 to 3.40) CMD. The associations remained after adjusting for work-related covariates and health behaviours. Diagnosis-specific sickness absence showed persistent associations with subsequent CMD and their changes. Attention should be paid to both the short- and long-term consequences of sickness absence for employee mental health.

scholarly journals Do carers care for themselves? A population-based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Foteini Tseliou ◽  
Mark Atkinson ◽  
Shantini Paranjothy ◽  
Pauline Ashfield-Watt
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Informal Carer

Background Informal caregiving has become an integral part of many societies, however there is increasing concern about the well-being of carers and how they manage their care-related responsibilities in conjunction with their health and mental health. Previous studies have reported mixed results with some proposing that carers are intrinsically healthier. Aims To explore the association between different levels of caregiving and health behaviours and mental health status. Methods Data were collected through HealthWise Wales (HWW) and linked to healthcare records (N=27,455). These included self-reported data on level of caring responsibilities (0;1-19;20-49;50+ hours per week), whether or not they left employment due to their caring role, mental health using the short Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5) and health behaviour data on smoking status, physical activity and dietary habits. Data on current diagnosis of Anxiety and Depression were drawn from linked healthcare records. Separate logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender and socio-economic status were fitted to assess the association between intensity of caring responsibility and each mental health and health behaviour outcome. Results Of the 14,451 HWW participants who had complete records, 3,856 (26.7%) reported being an informal carer. Intense carers (20-49 hours per week) were more likely to be physically inactive (OR:1.27, 95%CI:1.04-1.56), smoke cigarettes (OR:1.49, 95%CI:1.11-2.00) and eat unhealthily (OR:1.48, 95%CI:1.13-1.93). They were more also likely to self-report (OR:1.87, 95%CI:1.51-2.32) or have a diagnosis of depression or anxiety (OR:1.57, 95%CI:1.26-1.97). Other levels of caregiving intensity also demonstrated the above associations. Carers who had given up work to care were more likely to be smokers and have common mental disorders. Conclusion Being an informal carer is associated with unhealthy behaviours and common mental disorders, with a gradient effect dependent on the level of caregiving activity. New interventions that can support carers to improve their health and wellbeing are urgently needed.

scholarly journals Preventing sickness absence among employees with common mental disorders or stress-related symptoms at work: a cluster randomised controlled trial of a problem-solving-based intervention conducted by the Occupational Health Services

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 454-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijke Keus van de Poll ◽  
Lotta Nybergh ◽  
Caroline Lornudd ◽  
Jan Hagberg ◽  
Lennart Bodin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Secondary Outcomes

ObjectivesCommon mental disorders (CMDs) are among the main causes of sickness absence and can lead to suffering and high costs for individuals, employers and the society. The occupational health service (OHS) can offer work-directed interventions to support employers and employees. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on sickness absence and health of a work-directed intervention given by the OHS to employees with CMDs or stress-related symptoms.MethodsRandomisation was conducted at the OHS consultant level and each consultant was allocated into either giving a brief problem-solving intervention (PSI) or care as usual (CAU). The study group consisted of 100 employees with stress symptoms or CMDs. PSI was highly structured and used a participatory approach, involving both the employee and the employee’s manager. CAU was also work-directed but not based on the same theoretical concepts as PSI. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, at 6 and at 12 months. Primary outcome was registered sickness absence during the 1-year follow-up period. Among the secondary outcomes were self-registered sickness absence, return to work (RTW) and mental health.ResultsA statistical interaction for group × time was found on the primary outcome (p=0.033) and PSI had almost 15 days less sickness absence during follow-up compared with CAU. Concerning the secondary outcomes, PSI showed an earlier partial RTW and the mental health improved in both groups without significant group differences.ConclusionPSI was effective in reducing sickness absence which was the primary outcome in this study.

scholarly journals 1269Mental health among farmers and non-farmers at sugar cane industry: occupational health study in Peru

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Bazalar-Palacios ◽  
Juan Carlos Bazo-Alvarez ◽  
Elaine Flores
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Occupational Risk Factors

Abstract Background We compare the prevalence rates of common mental disorders symptoms between farmers and non-farmers workers of the sugarcane industry and explore the role of relevant occupational factors. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study with an occupational health & safety focus, describing the demographic and work characteristics of farmers and non-farmer of the sugar cane industry in San Jacinto, Peru. We identified mental disorders symptoms using a local validated version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). We explored the association between symptoms of mental disorders, work conditions and known occupational risk factors. We explored the proposed association using negative binomial regression models to estimate Ratio of means (RM) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results We assessed 281 workers; 106 (37.7%) of respondents identified themselves as farm workers. The mean GHQ-12 score for farmers and non-farmers was 3.1 and 1.3 respectively. In the adjusted multivariate models mental disorders symptom counts among farmers was more than twice higher than those of non-farmers (RM: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.48-3.01). Also, having a low monthly salary (RM: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.00-1.92), and additional working hours per week (RM: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.00-1.03) were associated with higher counts of mental disorders symptoms. Conclusions Our Findings highlight the importance of including mental health within occupational programs and early interventions tailored to this target group. Key messages Occupational hazard; Mental disorders; Sugarcane work, Farmers.

scholarly journals The contribution of physical working conditions to sickness absence of varying length among employees with and without common mental disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 140349482090141
Author(s):  
Jaana I. Halonen ◽  
Tea Lallukka ◽  
Tero Kujanpää ◽  
Jouni Lahti ◽  
Noora Kanerva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Physical Workload ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
The Individual

Aims: The aim was to examine whether the contribution of physical work exposures to the risk of sickness absence (SA) is different between those with and without common mental disorders (CMD). Methods: We used questionnaire data on four work exposures and CMD from 6159 participants of the Helsinki Health Study cohort with 12,458 observations from three surveys (2000–2002, 2007 and 2012). We formed combination exposures for the work exposures (hazardous exposures, physical workload, computer and shift work) with CMD. Associations with SA of different length were examined with negative binomial regression models. Results: We observed stronger associations for CMD with SA than for the individual work exposures. The strength of the associations for hazardous exposures and physical workload increased with length of SA, especially when the participant also had CMD. The strongest associations for the combined exposures were observed for SA ⩾15 days, the rate ratios being 2.63 (95% CI 2.27–3.05) among those with hazardous exposure and CMD, and 3.37 (95% CI 2.93−3.88) among those with heavy physical workload and CMD. Conclusions: Employees with hazardous exposures or physical workload combined with CMD were at the highest risk of SA compared with those without these exposures or with only one exposure.

scholarly journals Rural/non-rural differences in rates of common mental disorders in Britain

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Weich ◽  
Liz Twigg ◽  
Glyn Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Private Households ◽  
Urban And Rural Residents

BackgroundSome UK studies have reported an urban excess in the prevalence of the most common mental disorders of anxiety and depression.AimsTo investigate rural/non-rural differences in the onset and maintenance of episodes of common mental disorders, after adjusting for the characteristics of respondents and their households.MethodA 12-month cohort study of 7659 adults aged 16–74 years living in 4338 private households, nested within 626 electoral wards in England, Wales and Scotland. Common mental disorders were assessed using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Electoral wards were characterised by Office for National Statistics classification and by population density. Data were analysed using multilevel statistical modelling.ResultsRural residents had slightly better mental health than non-rural counterparts. The effects of geographical location on the mental health of participants were neither significantly confounded nor modified by socioeconomic status, employment status or household income.ConclusionsThere are small but statistically significant differences in rates of common mental disorders between urban and rural residents. Quantifying between-place differences using population density alone risks missing important contextual effects on mental health.

Ageing and the prevalence and treatment of mental health problems

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 2037-2045 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jokela ◽  
G. D. Batty ◽  
M. Kivimäki
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Cohort Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Period

BackgroundAgeing is an important factor in the development of mental health problems and their treatment. We assessed age trajectories of common mental disorders (CMDs) and psychotherapy utilization from adolescence to old age, and examined whether these trajectories were modified by time period or birth cohort effects.MethodBritish Household Panel Survey (BHPS) with an 18-year follow-up between 1991 and 2009 (n = 30 224 participants, aged 15–100 years, with an average 7.3 person-observations per person). CMDs were assessed with the 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Psychotherapy treatment utilization during the past year was self-reported by the participants. The modifying influences of time period and cohort effects were assessed in a cohort-sequential longitudinal setting.ResultsFollowing a moderate decrease after age 50, the prevalence of GHQ caseness increased steeply from age 75. This increase was more marked in the 2000s (GHQ prevalence increasing from 24% to 43%) than in the 1990s (from 22% to 34%). Psychotherapy utilization decreased after age 55, with no time period or cohort effects modifying the age trajectory. These ageing patterns were replicated in within-individual longitudinal analysis.ConclusionsOld age is associated with higher risk of CMDs, and this association has become more marked during the past two decades. Ageing is also associated with an increasing discrepancy between prevalence of mental disorders and provision of treatment, as indicated by lower use of psychotherapy in older individuals.

scholarly journals Effects of home on the mental health of British forces serving in Iraq and Afghanistan

2012 ◽  
Vol 201 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Mulligan ◽  
Norman Jones ◽  
Mark Davies ◽  
Peter McAllister ◽  
Nicola T. Fear ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Home Front ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
The Family ◽  
Military Support ◽  
Mental Health Effects

BackgroundMost studies of the mental health of UK armed forces focus on retrospective accounts of deployment and few sample personnel while they are deployed.AimsThis study reports the results of a survey of deployed personnel, examining the perceived impact of events at home and military support for the family on current mental health during the deployment.MethodSurveys were conducted with 2042 British forces personnel serving in Iraq and Afghanistan. Prevalence of common mental disorders was assessed with the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was assessed with the PTSD Checklist – Civilian version (PCL-C).ResultsThe prevalence of common mental disorders was 17.8% and of probable PTSD was 2.8%. Perceived home difficulties significantly influenced the mental health of deployed personnel; the greater the perception of negative events in the home environment, the greater the reporting of adverse mental health effects. This finding was independent of combat exposure and was only partially mitigated by being well led and reporting subjectively good unit cohesion; however, the effect of the totality of home-front events was not improved by the latter. Poor perceived military support for the family had a detrimental impact on deployment mental health.ConclusionsThe armed forces offer many support services to the partners and families of deployed personnel and ensuring that the efforts being made on their behalf are well communicated might improve the mental health of deployed personnel.

scholarly journals Sickness certification for common mental disorders and GP return-to-work advice

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (05) ◽  
pp. 437-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Gabbay ◽  
Chris Shiels ◽  
Jim Hillage
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Return To Work ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Sickness Certification ◽  
Mental Health Diagnoses ◽  
To Receive

AimTo report the types and duration of sickness certification for different common mental disorders (CMDs) and the prevalence of GP advice aimed at returning the patient to work.BackgroundIn the United Kingdom, common mental health problems, such and depression and stress, have become the main reasons for patients requesting a sickness certificate to abstain from usual employment. Increasing attention is being paid to mental health and its impact on employability and work capacity in all parts of the welfare system. However, relatively little is known about the extent to which different mental health diagnoses impact upon sickness certification outcomes, and how the GP has used the new fit note (introduced in 2010) to support a return to work for patients with mental health diagnoses.MethodsSickness certification data was collected from 68 UK-based general practices for a period of 12 months.FindingsThe study found a large part of all sickness absence certified by GPs was due to CMDs (29% of all sickness absence episodes). Females, younger patients and those living in deprived areas were more likely to receive a fit note for a CMD (compared with one for a physical health problem). The highest proportion of CMD fit notes were issued for ‘stress’. However, sickness certification for depression contributed nearly half of all weeks certified for mental health problems. Only 7% of CMD fit notes included any ‘may be fit’ advice from the GP, with type of advice varying by mental health diagnostic category. Patients living in the most socially deprived neighbourhoods were less likely to receive ‘may be fit’ advice on their CMD fit notes.

scholarly journals Model of multinomyal logistic regression and construction of a decision tree for determination of risk factors in the development of non-psychotic mental disorders among students of higher educational institutions

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Group I

Topicality. The importance of modern research related to non-psychotic mental disorders in students of higher education is determined by the need to build a mathematical model that can identify factors that significantly affect the mental health of young people. The aim of the study. Construction of a mathematical model of the influence of various factors on the level of mental health of students with non-psychotic mental disorders. Materials and methods. During 2015-2017, we conducted a continuous comprehensive survey of 1,235 students in compliance with the principles of bioethics and deontology. Applied methods: clinical, clinical-psychopathological, clinical-epidemiological, clinical-anamnestic, experimental-psychological and statistical. The sample did not have significant differences in gender and age, place of residence, form of education. The survey was conducted in the intersessional period. Results. As a result of analysis of variance, we obtained statistically significant results (ANOVA-test) between the category variable "group I" and variables denoting all scales mini mult test: 1. hypochondria (Hs), p <2,2 * 10-16; 2. depression (D), p <2 * 10-16; 3. hysteria (Hy), p <2 * 10-16; 4. psychopathy (Pd), p <2.89 * 10-14; 6. paranoia (Pa), p <2 * 10-16; 7. psychasthenia (Pt), p <2 * 10-16; 8. schizophrenia (Sc), p <7.04 * 10-16; 9. hypotension [mania] (Ma), p <1.95 * 10-10; lie scale (L), p <2.74 * 10-11; probability scale (F), p <4,66 * 10-8; correction scale (K), p <3,6 * 10-13. It is established that for the model of multinomial logistic regression, the purpose of which is to assess the probability of belonging of the respondent to one of the groups (value of the variable "group.I"), significant predictors are marital status, presence of children, family relations, inability to adapt to the environment. quality of sleep, low productivity, increased fatigue, smoking, assessment of their own health, the need to consult a doctor, the level of anxiety, depression, neuroticism. The coefficients of the model determine the magnitude of the change in the logarithm of the chance of being in a group ("complex", "control", "standard") against the ("comparative") group of healthy people, if the value of the predictor increases by one. The prediction accuracy in the general sample was 86.35%, and in the test sample (the main group, which included patients with NPR) - 88.52%. Conclusions. Thus, the test and ANOVA made it possible to identify those variables that are related to the variable "group.I". Such variables are: age, specialty, etc. (a total of 92). The decision tree model, built on the same predictors as the multinomial regression model (schematic drawing), gives an accuracy of 89.95% on the training sample and 87.1% on the test sample.

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