scholarly journals Food Retail Environments in Greater Melbourne 2008–2016: Longitudinal Analysis of Intra-City Variation in Density and Healthiness of Food Outlets

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy Needham ◽  
Liliana Orellana ◽  
Steven Allender ◽  
Gary Sacks ◽  
Miranda R. Blake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Business District ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Food Environments ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Food Outlet ◽  
Food Outlets ◽  
Residential Population ◽  
Business District ◽  
Location Type ◽  
Over Time

Obesity prevalence is inequitably distributed across geographic areas. Food environments may contribute to health disparities, yet little is known about how food environments are evolving over time and how this may influence dietary intake and weight. This study aimed to analyse intra-city variation in density and healthiness of food outlets between 2008 and 2016 in Melbourne, Australia. Food outlet data were classified by location, type and healthiness. Local government areas (LGAs) were classified into four groups representing distance from the central business district. Residential population estimates for each LGA were used to calculate the density of food outlets per 10,000 residents. Linear mixed models were fitted to estimate the mean density and ratio of ‘healthy’ to ‘unhealthy’ food outlets and food outlet ‘types’ by LGA group over time. The number of food outlets increased at a faster rate than the residential population, driven by an increasing density of both ‘unhealthy’ and ‘healthy’ outlets. Across all years, ratios of ‘unhealthy’ to ‘healthy’ outlets were highest in LGAs located in designated Growth Areas. Melbourne’s metropolitan food environment is saturated by ‘unhealthy’ and ‘less healthy’ food outlets, relative to ‘healthy’ ones. Melbourne’s urban growth areas had the least healthy food environments.

scholarly journals Neighborhood food typologies, fast food outlet visitation and snack food purchasing among adolescents in Melbourne, Australia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Venurs HY Loh ◽  
Maartje P Poelman ◽  
Jenny Veitch ◽  
Sarah A McNaughton ◽  
Rebecca M Leech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Snack Food ◽  
Food Environments ◽  
Food Outlet ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Purchasing ◽  
Fast Food Outlet ◽  
Food Outlets

Abstract Objective: Despite the increased attention on neighborhood food environments and dietary behaviors, studies focusing on adolescents are limited. This study aims to characterize typologies of food environments surrounding adolescents and their associations with fast food outlet visitation and snack food purchasing to/from school. Design: The number of food outlets (supermarket; green grocers; butcher/seafood/deli; bakeries; convenience stores; fast food/takeaways; café and restaurants) within a 1km buffer from home were determined using a Geographic Information System. Adolescents self-reported frequency of fast food outlet visitation and snack food purchasing to/from school. Latent Profile Analysis was conducted to identify typologies of the food environment. Cross-sectional multilevel logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between food typologies, fast food outlet visitations and snack food purchasing to/from school. Setting: Melbourne, Australia Participants: 410 adolescents (mean age= 15.5 (SD=1.5) years) Results: Four distinct typologies of food outlets were identified: 1) limited variety/low number; 2) some variety/low number; 3) high variety/medium number; 4) high variety/high number. Adolescents living in Typologies 1 and 2 had three times higher odds of visiting fast food outlets ≥1 per week (Typology 1: OR= 3.71, 95%CI 1.23, 11.19; Typology 2: OR= 3.65, 95% CI 1.21, 10.99) than those living in Typology 4. No evidence of association was found between typologies of the food environments and snack food purchasing behavior to/from school among adolescents. Conclusion: Local government could emphasize an overall balance of food outlets when designing neighborhoods to reduce propensity for fast food outlet visitation among adolescents.

Neighborhood Ethnoracial Composition and Gentrification in Chicago and New York, 1980 to 2010

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Timberlake ◽  
Elaina Johns-Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Central Cities ◽  
Black Neighborhoods ◽  
Residential Preference ◽  
Black Residents ◽  
Business District ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

This research examines the impact of neighborhood ethnoracial composition on the likelihood that neighborhoods that could gentrify do gentrify over time. Drawing on findings from the gentrification and residential preference literatures, we hypothesize that the percentage of Black and Latino residents in neighborhoods in 1980 is associated with the probability of gentrification, conditional on the racial composition of neighborhoods in 2010. We test these hypotheses with analyses of census data for tracts in the central cities of Chicago and New York in 1980 to 2010. We find that the percentage of Black residents in 1980 was negatively associated with gentrified White and positively associated with gentrified Black neighborhoods, and that percent Latino in 1980 was positively associated with gentrified Latino neighborhoods. Finally, we found strong evidence that gentrification in these cities was much more likely to occur in neighborhoods close to the central business district.

scholarly journals The food environment within the primary school fringe

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (8) ◽  
pp. 1259-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel G. Gallo ◽  
Lisa Barrett ◽  
Amelia A. Lake
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Food Environment ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Area Deprivation ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Food Outlet ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Food Outlets ◽  
Total Food

Purpose – The school fringe environment (peripheral 400 m buffer) offers an important opportunity for young people to obtain food and drink. There is international evidence to suggest socio-economic influence on food outlet availability and healthfulness within these environments; however the situation in the UK is unclear. The purpose of this paper is to describe food outlet provision (frequency and type) within primary school fringes across the spectrum of deprivation. Design/methodology/approach – Ten primary schools in Newcastle upon Tyne were purposefully selected from a comprehensive list of all schools within the region. Two schools were chosen at random from each quintile of deprivation. A total of 400-metre buffer zones around schools were audited. School fringe food environments were classified using a Food Outlet Classification System. Access (i.e. frequency), and type of food outlets were compared to area level deprivation, obesity prevalence rates and area type. Findings – Food outlet frequency was highest in the most deprived school fringe area. Convenience stores and takeaways represented the greatest proportion of total food outlets across all school fringe environments. More total food outlets were observed in fringes with above national average obesity prevalence rates for children. Research limitations/implications – UK case study approach limits widespread and international applicability. Practical implications – Informs school, health and urban planning disciplines regarding current picture of UK school fringes. Originality/value – Provides evidence in UK context that area deprivation and Census 2001 Supergroup class show significant correlations with school fringe food environment.

scholarly journals A temporal analysis of the spatial clustering of food outlets around schools in Christchurch, New Zealand, 1966 to 2006

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter L Day ◽  
Jamie R Pearce ◽  
Amber L Pearson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
School Level ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Food Environments ◽  
Food Outlet ◽  
Food Outlets

AbstractObjectiveTo explore changes in urban food environments near schools, as potential contributors to the rising prevalence of overweight and obesity among children.DesignAddresses of food premises and schools in 1966, 1976, 1986, 1996 and 2006 were geo-coded. For each year, the number and proportion of outlets by category (supermarket/grocery; convenience; fast-food outlet) within 800 m of schools were calculated. The degree of spatial clustering of outlets was assessed using a bivariate K-function analysis. Food outlet categories, school level and school social deprivation quintiles were compared.SettingChristchurch, New Zealand.SubjectsAll schools and food outlets at 10-year snapshots from 1966 to 2006.ResultsBetween 1966 and 2006, the median number of supermarkets/grocery stores within 800 m of schools decreased from 5 to 1, convenience stores decreased from 2 to 1, and fast-food outlets increased from 1 to 4. The ratio of fast-food outlets to total outlets increased from 0·10 to 0·67. The clustering of fast-food outlets was greatest within 800 m of schools and around the most socially deprived schools. Over the 40-year study period, school food environments in Christchurch can be characterized by increased densities of fast-food outlets within walking distance of schools, especially around the most deprived schools.ConclusionsSince the 1960s, there have been substantial changes to the food environments around schools which may increasingly facilitate away-from-home food consumption for children and provide easily accessible, cheap energy-dense foods, a recognized contributor to the rise in prevalence of overweight and obesity among young people.

scholarly journals A continuous indicator of food environment nutritional quality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Liu ◽  
Kayla de la Haye ◽  
Andres Abeliuk ◽  
Abigail L. Horn
Keyword(s):  
Food Environment ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Food Environments ◽  
Food Outlet ◽  
Ground Truth Data ◽  
Food Outlets ◽  
Hidden Patterns ◽  
Robust Measures

Food environments can profoundly impact diet and related diseases. Effective, robust measures of food environment nutritional quality are required by researchers and policymakers investigating their effects on individual dietary behavior and designing targeted public health interventions. The most commonly used indicators of food environment nutritional quality are limited to measuring the binary presence or absence of entire categories of food outlet type, such as 'fast-food' outlets, which can range from burger joints to salad chains. This work introduces a summarizing indicator of restaurant nutritional quality that exists along a continuum, and which can be applied at scale to make distinctions between diverse restaurants within and across categories of food outlets. Verified nutrient data for a set of over 500 chain restaurants is used as ground-truth data to validate the approach. We illustrate the use of the validated indicator to characterize food environments at the scale of an entire jurisdiction, demonstrating how making distinctions between different shades of nutritiousness can help to uncover hidden patterns of disparities in access to high nutritional quality food.

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