scholarly journals Health Risk Assessment of PM2.5 and PM2.5-Bound Trace Elements in Thohoyandou, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1359
Author(s):  
Karl Kilbo Edlund ◽  
Felicia Killman ◽  
Peter Molnár ◽  
Johan Boman ◽  
Leo Stockfelt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
South African ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Us Epa

We assessed the health risks of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) ambient air pollution and its trace elemental components in a rural South African community. Air pollution is the largest environmental cause of disease and disproportionately affects low- and middle-income countries. PM2.5 samples were previously collected, April 2017 to April 2018, and PM2.5 mass determined. The filters were analyzed for chemical composition. The United States Environmental Protection Agency’s (US EPA) health risk assessment method was applied. Reference doses were calculated from the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, South African National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), and US EPA reference concentrations. Despite relatively moderate levels of PM2.5 the health risks were substantial, especially for infants and children. The average annual PM2.5 concentration was 11 µg/m3, which is above WHO guidelines, but below South African NAAQS. Adults were exposed to health risks from PM2.5 during May to October, whereas infants and children were exposed to risk throughout the year. Particle-bound nickel posed both non-cancer and cancer risks. We conclude that PM2.5 poses health risks in Thohoyandou, despite levels being compliant with yearly South African NAAQS. The results indicate that air quality standards need to be tightened and PM2.5 levels lowered in South Africa.

scholarly journals Survey of Ambient Air Pollution Health Risk Assessment Tools

Risk Analysis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1718-1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan C. Anenberg ◽  
Anna Belova ◽  
Jørgen Brandt ◽  
Neal Fann ◽  
Sue Greco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Risk Assessment Tools

scholarly journals First Technical Specifications for Health Risk Assessment of Ambient Air Pollution in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (33) ◽  
pp. 706-709
Author(s):  
Jingxiu Han ◽  
◽  
Junrui Chang ◽  
Jingyi Liu ◽  
Congshen Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Technical Specifications

scholarly journals Correction to: Health risk assessment on human exposed to heavy metals in the ambient air PM10 in Ahvaz, southwest Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholamreza Goudarzi ◽  
Nadali Alavi ◽  
Sahar Geravandi ◽  
Esmaeil Idani ◽  
Hamid Reza Adeli Behrooz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Southwest Iran

scholarly journals Contaminant organisms recorded on plant product imports to South Africa 1994–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davina L. Saccaggi ◽  
Melanie Arendse ◽  
John R. U. Wilson ◽  
John S. Terblanche
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
International Trade ◽  
South African ◽  
Plant Products ◽  
Important Resource ◽  
Plant Product ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Multiple Contaminants ◽  
Propagation Material

AbstractBiosecurity interception records are crucial data underlying efforts to predict and manage pest and pathogen introductions. Here we present a dataset containing information on imported plant products inspected by the South African Department of Agriculture’s laboratories between 1994 and 2019 and the contaminant organisms found on them. Samples were received from border inspectors as either propagation material (e.g. plants) or material for immediate use (e.g. fruit). Material for immediate use was further divided into two sample categories, depending on if contaminants were seen/suspected by the border official or not: intervention or audit samples. The final dataset consists of 25,279 records, of which 30% tested positive (i.e. had at least one contaminant) and 13% had multiple contaminants. Of the 13,731 recorded contaminants, fungi (41%), mites (37%) and insects (19%) were most common. This dataset provides insight into the suite of taxa transported along the plant import pathway and provides an important resource for analyses of contaminant organisms in international trade, which can inform strategies for risk assessment, pathway management and biosecurity protocols.

scholarly journals Frequency and Prioritization of Patient Health Risks from a Structured Health Risk Assessment

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 505-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Phillips ◽  
R. E. Glasgow ◽  
G. Bello ◽  
M. G. Ory ◽  
B. A. Glenn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Patient Health

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS AND LEVEL OF HEALTH RISK FOR AIR POLLUTANTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 442-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Suchkov ◽  
E. A. Semaeva
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
The Third ◽  
The City

There was executed the complex assessment of air pollution in the city Novokuibyshevsk in 2014. There were outlined basic chemicals exceeding hygienic standards, as well as causing both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk. Average concentrations of pollutants were shown to fail to exceed the average daily maximum permissible concentration, and on the basis of this air pollution index in the city of Novokuibyshevsk was the low in 2014. However, air pollution in the city of Novokuibyshevsk decreased not due to the reduction of the concentration of priority pollutants, but as a result of the revision of the admissible values for formaldehyde concentrations. Individual carcinogenic risks to the health of children under 18 years according to hexavalent chromium, benzene and formaldehyde exceeded the border of maximum permissible risk, and were attributed to the third reference range of risk values in accordance with the R 2.1.10.1920-04. The carcinogenic risk to the health of adults and the population of the city of Novokuibyshevsk as a whole was in the third reference range boundaries only for hexavalent chromium. However, the overall carcinogenic risk for health of children aged up to 18 years amounted to 1.18∙10-3 and moved into a fourth reference range boundaries. The total index of danger with all substances, the content of which was monitored in the ambient air in the city of Novokuibyshevsk, accounted for 17.74 and also demanded measures to reduce air pollution in the near future.

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