scholarly journals Analysing the Impacts of Financial Support for Regional Suicide Prevention Programmes on Suicide Mortality Caused by Major Suicide Motives in Japan Using Statistical Government Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3414
Author(s):  
Tomosuke Nakano ◽  
Toshiki Hasegawa ◽  
Motohiro Okada
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Telephone Consultation ◽  
Male Suicide ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Ranking Order ◽  
Support Programmes

To improve and plan regional suicide prevention programmes that utilise more cost-effective governmental financial support compared with previous programmes, the present study determined the effects of the amount of financial support provided for regional suicide prevention programmes, such as the Emergency Fund to Enhance Community-Based Suicide Countermeasures (EFECBSC), on the trends of suicide mortalities caused by six major suicide motives between 2009 and 2018, using forward multiple regression analysis. The ranking order of motives for male suicide was health, economy, family, employment, romance and school (in that order), whereas the ranking order for females was health, family, economy, romance, employment and school. Male suicide mortality caused by economy-related motives was significantly/inversely related to prefectural intervention programmes, whereas mortality caused by health-related motives was also significantly/inversely related to prefectural intervention programmes, but significantly/positively related to prefectural personal consultation support programmes. Contrary to males, female suicide mortality caused by health-related motives was significantly/inversely related to the municipal development programmes of leaders/listeners, whereas mortality caused by family- and school-related motives was significantly/positively related to prefectural and municipal telephone consultation support programmes, respectively. Contrary to our expectations, school-aged female suicide mortality caused by school-related motives was significantly/positively related to prefectural personal consultation support, enlightenment and municipal telephone consultation support programmes. These results indicate that Japanese regional suicide prevention programmes probably affect the suppression of male suicide mortality. However, these programmes are possibly ineffective, or at least partially, have an adverse effect, in regard to the suicide mortalities of female and school-aged populations. Therefore, we should work to improve regional suicide prevention programmes, making them more cost-effective and targeted towards female and school-aged populations in the future.

scholarly journals Can Financial Support Reduce Suicide Mortality Rates?

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Kato ◽  
Motohiro Okada
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Empirical Bayes ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Emergency Fund

After the launch of governmental financial support for the development of a regional suicide prevention programme, ‘Emergency Fund to Enhance Community-Based Suicide Countermeasure’ in 2009, suicide mortality rates in Japan have decreased from 25.7 (in 2009) to 16.5 (in 2018) per 100,000 population. Therefore, to explore the effects of governmental financial support on suicide mortality rates in Japan, the present study determined the relationship between the trends of empirical Bayes standardised Mobile Ratio of suicide mortality ratio in all 47 Japanese prefectures (EBSMR-RR) and the execution amounts of 10 sub-divisions of ‘Emergency Fund to Enhance Community-Based Suicide Countermeasure’ using stepwise multiple regression analysis. The female EBSMR-RR was only significantly/inversely related to the municipal ‘development of listeners and leaders’, whereas male EBSMR-RR was significantly/inversely related to prefectural ‘enlightenment’, and ‘intervention models’, but significantly/directly related to prefectural ‘personal consultation support’. The present findings suggest the inverse relationship between financial support and the suicide mortality rates in Japan. Furthermore, the independent factors in the reduction of suicide mortality rates between males and females provide important information for planning a scientifically evidence-based and more cost-effective regional suicide prevention programmes.

scholarly journals Analysing regional unemployment rates, GDP per capita and financial support for regional suicide prevention programme on suicide mortality in Japan using governmental statistical data

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e037537
Author(s):  
Motohiro Okada ◽  
Toshiki Hasegawa ◽  
Ryo Kato ◽  
Takashi Shiroyama
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Prevention Programme ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Intervention Model ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Female Suicide ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Per Capita

ObjectivesTo explore the mechanisms of reduced suicide mortality in Japan, which decreased from 25.7 to 16.5 per 100 000 people following the comprehensive suicide prevention programme from 2009 to 2018, the present study determined the relationship between regional suicide mortality, socioeconomic data (GDP per capita, unemployment rates) and financial support for regional suicide prevention programmes.Design and settingStepwise multiple regression analysis was used to determine the effects of regional GDP per capita, unemployment rates and implementation amount of financial support for regional suicide prevention programmes (Emergency Fund to Enhance Community-Based Suicide Countermeasures—EFECBSC) on age and gender disaggregated suicide mortalities in Japan between 2009 and 2018. Data on each prefecture’s complete unemployment rates, GDP per capita and implementation amount of EFECBSC sub-divisions were derived from an official Japanese governmental database.ResultsBoth prefectural enlightenment and intervention model programmes were found to lead to a decrease in male suicide mortality, but were less effective in reducing female suicide mortality. Municipal enlightenment and intervention model programmes were also less effective in reducing suicide mortality. Municipal development programmes for listener and leader led to a greater decrease in suicide mortality for both men and women compared with such programmes at the prefectural level. Contrary to our expectations, reduced complete unemployment rate only reduced suicide mortality in the older male population without affecting female suicide mortality.ConclusionThe study findings suggest an inverse relationship between financial support and suicide mortality in Japan. Furthermore, independent factors in the reduction of suicide mortality rates provide important information for planning evidence-based and cost-effective regional suicide prevention programmes.

scholarly journals Core Symposium: Suicide Across Europe. A GP-based Suicide Prevention Program in Hungary

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Z. Rihmer ◽  
K. Szántó ◽  
S. Kalmár ◽  
H. Hendin ◽  
J. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Telephone Consultation ◽  
Antidepressant Prescription ◽  
Intervention Region ◽  
Local Risk

Suicide, particularly in the case of current major depression, is quite common among patients who contact their GPs some weeks or months before their death. However, prior studies have shown that GP’s education, regarding the diagnosis and treatment of depressive disorders, can reduce suicide mortality in the given area served by trained GPs. The aim of our present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a depression-management educational program for GPs in a region with a very high suicide rate (over 50 per 100.000) in Hungary. Twenty-eight GPs and their lead nurses, servicing 73,000 inhabitants in the region of Kiskunhalas, participated the 5-year educational program together with estabilishment of a Depression Outpatient Clinic and psychiatrist telephone consultation service. The annual suicide rate in the Kiskunhalas region decreased from 59.7/100.000 (5-year preintervention average) to 49.9/100.000. This decrease was significantly greater than both the county and whole Hungary (p=0.001 and p=0.001, respectively). However, the increase of antidepressant prescription was greater in the intervention region compared with both the county and whole Hungary and in women compared with men (p=0.02). There was no change in alcohol-related deaths or rate of unemployment in the intervention region during the whole study period (1996-2000 vs 2001 and 2005). The findings support earlier studies showing that continuous GP education on diagnosis and treatment of depression is an effective method of suicide prevention. The high importance of alcoholism in local suicides was unanticipated and not addressed, suggesting that optimal suicide prevention plans must also consider major local risk factors.

scholarly journals Public health strategies to ensure reduction in suicide incidence in middle and low income nations

2015 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 619-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurabh RamBihariLal Shrivastava ◽  
Prateek Saurabh Shrivastava ◽  
Jegadeesh Ramasamy
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Collective Responsibility ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Health Related

ABSTRACTWorldwide, the incidence of suicide has increased at an alarming rate and in the year 2012 close to 1 million people died because of suicide. Although, it is a well-acknowledged fact that suicides are completely preventable, the public health authorities have failed to halt the rising trend of the suicide because of the presence of various social and health related factors. As suicide is a complex issue, in the low and middle-income nations, the most cost-effective approach is to ensure the integration of suicide prevention program into the primary health care network. To conclude, suicide is an important public health concern which is definitively preventable. However, the need of the hour is that all the stakeholders should take collective responsibility, and work in collaboration to develop and implement a comprehensive multi-sectoral suicide prevention strategy.

scholarly journals Regional suicide prevention planning: a dynamic simulation modelling analysis

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Skinner ◽  
Jo-An Occhipinti ◽  
Yun Ju Christine Song ◽  
Ian B. Hickie
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Regional Planning ◽  
State Level ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Prevention Programmes

Background Regional planning may help to ensure that the specific measures implemented as part of a national suicide prevention strategy are aligned with the varying needs of local services and communities; however, there are concerns that the reliability of local programme development may be limited in practice. Aims The potential impacts of independent regional planning on the effectiveness of suicide prevention programmes in the Australian state of New South Wales were quantified using a system dynamics model of mental health services provision and suicidal behaviour in each of the state's ten Primary Health Network (PHN) catchments. Method Reductions in projected suicide mortality over the period 2021–2031 were calculated for scenarios in which combinations of four and five suicide prevention and mental health services interventions (selected from 13 possible interventions) are implemented separately in each PHN catchment. State-level impacts were estimated by summing reductions in projected suicide mortality for each intervention combination across PHN catchments. Results The most effective state-level combinations of four and five interventions prevent, respectively, 20.3% and 22.9% of 10 312 suicides projected under a business-as-usual scenario (i.e. no new policies or programmes, constant services capacity growth). Projected numbers of suicides under the optimal intervention scenarios for each PHN are up to 6% lower than corresponding numbers of suicides projected for the optimal state-level intervention combinations. Conclusions Regional suicide prevention planning may contribute to significant reductions in suicide mortality where local health authorities are provided with the necessary resources and tools to support reliable, evidence-based decision-making.

Suicide-Related Crimes in Contemporary European Criminal Laws

Crisis ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilkka Henrik Mäkinen
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
Public Opinions ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Narrow Scope ◽  
National Affair ◽  
Attitudes Towards Suicide ◽  
Special Circumstances

This article describes suicide-related penal legislation in contemporary Europe, and analyzes and relates the results to cultural attitudes towards suicide and to national suicide rates. Data were obtained from 42 legal entities. Of these, 34 have penal regulations which - according to definition - chiefly and directly deal with suicide. There are three main types of act: aiding suicide, abetting suicide, and driving to suicide. The laws vary considerably with regard to which acts are sanctioned, how severely they are punished, and whether any special circumstances such as the motive, the result, or the object can make the crime more serious. Various ideologies have inspired legislation: religions, the euthanasia movement, and suicide prevention have all left their mark. There are some cases in which neighboring legal systems have clearly influenced laws on the topic. However, the process seems mostly to have been a national affair, resulting in surprisingly large discrepancies between European legal systems. The laws seem to reflect public opinions: countries which punish the crimes harder have significantly less permissive cultural attitudes towards suicide. Likewise, suicide rates were significantly higher in countries with a narrow scope of criminalization and milder punishments for suicide-related crimes. The cultural and normative elements of society are connected with its suicide mortality.

scholarly journals Implementation of podiatry telephone appointments for people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Palmer ◽  
H. J. Siddle ◽  
A. C. Redmond ◽  
B. Alcacer-Pitarch
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Diseases ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Foot Health ◽  
Telephone Consultation ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Initial Intervention

Abstract Background Foot health problems are common in the general population, and particularly so in people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal disorders (RMD). Several clinical guidelines state that people with RMDs should have access to foot health services, although service capacity is often limited. The current COVID-19 pandemic has increased the need for alternative ways to provide patient care. The aim of this clinical audit was to review a newly implemented telephone follow-up appointment service conducted within the Rheumatology Podiatry Department in Leeds, UK. Methods Fifty-eight patients attending the Rheumatology Podiatry Department at Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust were contacted by telephone approximately 6–8 weeks following initial intervention. During the telephone consultation, all patients were asked pre-defined questions relating to their symptoms, intervention efficacy, the need for further appointments and their preference for the type of consultation. To assess the cost of the telephone consultation the number of attempts needed in order to make successful contact, the duration of the call and the number of telephone follow-up appointments completed in a working day were also recorded. Results Twenty-five patients (43%) were successfully contacted within the 6–8 weeks stipulated time frame and were included in the analysis. Of the 25 contacted, twelve (48%) patients were successfully contacted on the first attempt. Ten (40%) were successfully contacted on the second attempt. The remaining three patients (12%) required 3 or more attempts to make successful contact. Telephone consultations were estimated not to last longer than 10 min, including notes screening and documentation. Eleven patients (44%) reported an improvement in their symptoms, thirteen (52%) reported no change and one patient (4%) reported their symptoms to be worse. Conclusion Telephone follow-up consultations may be a potentially cost-effective alternative to face-to-face appointments when implemented in a Rheumatology Podiatry Department, and provide an alternative way of providing care, especially when capacity for face-to-face contact is limited. The potential cost saving and efficiency benefits of this service are likely to be enhanced when telephone consultations are pre-arranged with patients.

Study protocol for the Multimodal Approach to Preventing Suicide in Schools (MAPSS) project: A regionally-based trial of an integrated response to suicide risk among secondary school students.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadhbh Josephine Byrne ◽  
Eleanor Bailey ◽  
Michelle Lamblin ◽  
Jane Pirkis ◽  
Cathrine Mihalopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
School Students

Abstract Background Suicide is the leading cause of death among young Australians, accounting for one-third of all deaths in those under 25. Schools are a logical setting for youth suicide prevention activities, with universal, selective and indicated approaches all demonstrating efficacy. Given that international best practice recommends suicide prevention programs combine these approaches, and that to date this has not been done in school settings, this study aims to evaluate a suicide prevention program incorporating universal, selective and indicated components in schools.Methods This study is a trial of a multimodal suicide prevention program for young people. The program involves delivering universal psychoeducation (safeTALK) to all students, screening them for suicide risk, and delivering internet-based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (Reframe IT) to those students identified as being at high risk for suicide. The program will be trialled in secondary schools in Melbourne, Australia, and target year 10 students (15 and 16 year-olds). safeTALK and screening will be evaluated using a single group pre-test/post-test case series, and Reframe IT will be evaluated in a Randomised Controlled Trial. The primary outcome is change in suicidal ideation; other outcomes include help-seeking behaviour and intentions, and suicide knowledge and stigma. The program’s cost-effectiveness will also be evaluated.Discussion This study is the first to evaluate a suicide prevention program comprising universal, selective and indicated components in Australian schools. If the program is found to be efficacious and cost-effective, it could be more widely disseminated in schools and may ultimately lead to reduced rates of suicide and suicidal behaviour in school students across the region.

scholarly journals Impact of the Garrett Lee Smith Youth Suicide Prevention Program on Suicide Mortality

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 986-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Walrath ◽  
Lucas Godoy Garraza ◽  
Hailey Reid ◽  
David B. Goldston ◽  
Richard McKeon
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Youth Suicide ◽  
Lee Smith

scholarly journals Coroners' records on suicide mortality in Montréal: limitations and implications in suicide prevention strategies

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Houle ◽  
C Guillou-Ouellette
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
The People ◽  
Local Decision ◽  
Local Decision Makers ◽  
Very High

Introduction In Montréal, the characteristics of suicide cases may vary between different areas. The information collected by coroners during their investigations of suicides could be used to support local suicide-prevention planning actions. Methods This study analyzes all coroners' records on suicide in Montréal from 2007 to 2009 to 1. determine the usefulness of the data available; 2. develop a profile of cases; 3. examine local differences by comparing two areas, one with the highest suicide rate and the other with the lowest. Results The data collected revealed the lack of a systematic, standardized procedure for recording information about deaths by suicide. The rates of missing data varied, but were very high for antecedents of suicide attempts and recent events that could have precipitated the suicide. We observed differences in the characteristics of suicide cases according to area of residence. Conclusion By adopting a standardized procedure for collecting information on cases of suicide, coroners could provide local decision makers with a more accurate portrait of the people who die by suicide in their area. Local adjustments may improve suicide-prevention strategies.

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