scholarly journals Repeat Induced Abortion among Chinese Women Seeking Abortion: Two Cross Sectional Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4446
Author(s):  
Longmei Tang ◽  
Shangchun Wu ◽  
Dianwu Liu ◽  
Marleen Temmerman ◽  
Wei-Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Induced Abortion ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Education Level ◽  
Induced Abortions ◽  
Lower Education

Background: In China, there were about 9.76 million induced abortions in 2019, 50% of which were repeat abortions. Understanding the tendency of repeat induced abortion and identifying its related factors is needed to develop prevention strategies. Methods: Two hospital-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted from 2005–2007 and 2013–2016 in 24 and 90 hospitals, respectively. The survey included women who sought an induced abortion within 12 weeks of pregnancy. The proportion of repeat induced abortions by adjusting the covariates through propensity score matching was compared between the two surveys, and the zero-inflated negative binomial regression model was established to identify independent factors of repeat induced abortion. Results: Adjusting the age, occupation, education, marital status and number of children, the proportion of repeat induced abortions in the second survey was found to be low (60.28% vs. 11.11%), however the unadjusted proportion was high in the second survey (44.97% vs. 51.54%). The risk of repeat induced abortion was higher among married women and women with children [ORadj and 95% CI: 0.31 (0.20, 0.49) and 0.08 (0.05, 0.13)]; the risk among service industry staff was higher when compared with unemployed women [ORadj and 95% CI: 0.19 (0.07, 0.54)]; women with a lower education level were at a higher risk of a repeat induced abortion (ORadj < 1). Compared with women under the age of 20, women in other higher age groups had a higher frequency of repeat induced abortions (IRadj: 1.78, 2.55, 3.27, 4.01, and 3.93, separately); the frequency of women with lower education levels was higher than those with a university or higher education level (IRadj > 1); the repeat induced abortion frequency of married women was 0.93 (0.90, 0.98) when compared to the frequency of unmarried women, while the frequency of women with children was 1.17 (1.10, 1.25) of childless women; the induced abortion frequency of working women was about 60–95% with that of unemployed women. Conclusions: The repeat induced abortion proportion was lower than 10 years ago. Induced abortion seekers who were married, aged 20 to 30 years and with a lower education level were more likely to repeat induced abortions.

scholarly journals Medicine package inserts from the users’ perspective: are they read and understood?

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiane da Silva Dal Pizzol ◽  
Cassia Garcia Moraes ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Dourado Arrais ◽  
Andréa Dâmaso Bertoldi ◽  
Luiz Roberto Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Package Inserts ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Written Information ◽  
Lower Education Level ◽  
Lower Education

ABSTRACT: Introduction: The written information on medicines has been acknowledged as an important tool for health education. Objective: To analyze the use and understanding of medicine package inserts by users and assess sociodemographic and medical factors associated with their comprehension. Method: Data in this analysis are part of the PNAUM National Survey - a cross-sectional population-based study conducted in Brazil. Descriptive statistics and the Pearson χ2 tests were performed to compare proportions between sociodemographic and medical characteristics, as well as use and understanding of medicine package inserts. Results: A total of 28.427 individuals responded to questions related to medicine package inserts. From these, 59.6% (95%CI 57.7 - 61.5) said they usually read the inserts, and 98.4% (95%CI 98.0 - 98.8) considered them necessary. Among people who read the medicine package inserts, more than half indicated difficulties with legibility (57.4%; 95%CI 55,2 - 59,6) and readability (54.1%; 95%CI 52.1 - 56.1). People from a lower education level reported greater difficulty in understanding them. Conclusion: The larger portion of the population usually read medicine package inserts. Nevertheless, people have difficulty in reading and understanding them.

PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH EARLY MARRIAGE IN CHIPULUKUSU TOWNSHIP OF NDOLA, ZAMBIA:cross sectional study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satiel Banda
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Lower Education Level ◽  
Lower Education

BACKGROUND In the statistics taken from media brief on ending child marriage in Zambia, (2014) states, “Zambia is the third highest country with cases of child marriages in the SADC region and 19th in the world. In Zambia, about 42 per cent of women aged 20-24 years are married by the age of 18 – a rate that has not evolved since 2002. The rates of child marriages vary from province to province, and are as high as 60 per cent in the Eastern Province. (www.girlsnotbrides.org.) accessed on 20th November 2014. At 13.42) The ZDHS [Zambia Demographic Health Survey] indicates that among married girls aged 15-19 in Zambia, 68 percent have already given birth. In addition, most of the births occurring to girls before age 18 are first births (85 percent), and a majority of these first births occur within marriage. A Central Statistical Office (CSO) report of 2010 carried out by Plan Zambia indicates that “only a few adolescent girls and boys complete upper primary education while the enrolment ratio in secondary education is 13.4% for males and 12.9% for females.” The report concludes that child marriage is the critical driver for this state of affairs. OBJECTIVE This study is aimed at determining the prevalence and factors associated with child marriage in Chipulukusu township of Ndola. Zambia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Chipulukusu Township within the location of Ndola. A pretest questionnaire was used to collect information on child marriage prevalence and factors towards the practice of child marriage and other relevant socio-demographic characteristics. RESULTS the prevalence of early marriage in Chipulukusu township of Ndola district, Zambia was 20.7 % with it being significantly associated with lower social economic status (poverty), lower education level, orphanhood and teen pregnancies CONCLUSIONS the prevalence of early marriage in this study was high. Its prevalence was significantly associated with people of poor backgrounds (poverty), teen pregnancies, lower education level, and orphan hood.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic status and lifestyle behaviours in cancer survivors: smoking and physical activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 546 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Naik ◽  
X. Qiu ◽  
M. C. Brown ◽  
L. Eng ◽  
D. Pringle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviours ◽  
Lower Education Level ◽  
Lower Education

Purpose Smoking cessation and increased physical activity (pa) have been linked to better outcomes in cancer survivors. We assessed whether socioeconomic factors influence changes in those behaviours after a cancer diagnosis.Methods As part of a cross-sectional study, a diverse group of cancer survivors at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Toronto, ON), completed a questionnaire about past and current lifestyle behaviours and perceptions about the importance of those behaviours with respect to their health. The influence of socioeconomic indicators on smoking status and physical inactivity at 1 year before and after diagnosis were assessed using multivariable logistic regression with adjustment for clinico-demographic factors.Results Of 1222 participants, 1192 completed the smoking component. Of those respondents, 15% smoked before diagnosis, and 43% of those smokers continued to smoke after. The proportion of survivors who continued to smoke increased with lower education level (p = 0.03). Of the 1106 participants answering pa questions, 39% reported being physically inactive before diagnosis, of whom 82% remained inactive afterward. Survivors with a lower education level were most likely to remain inactive after diagnosis (p = 0.003). Lower education level, household income, and occupation were associated with the perception that pa had no effect or could worsen fatigue and quality of life (p ≤ 0.0001).Conclusions In cancer survivors, education level was a major modifier of smoking and pa behaviours. Lower socioeconomic status was associated with incorrect perceptions about pa. Targeting at-risk survivors by education level should be evaluated as a strategy in cancer survivorship programs.

scholarly journals The Burden of Diarrheal Diseases among Children under Five Years of Age in Arba Minch District, Southern Ethiopia, and Associated Risk Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikur Mohammed ◽  
Dessalegn Tamiru
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Education ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five

Introduction. In Ethiopia diarrhea is the second cause for clinical presentation among under five-year child population next to pneumonia and it is also more common in rural than in urban areas. Methods. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Arba Minch District. Data were collected using structured questionnaire by trained data collectors. To identify predictors of diarrhea the negative binomial regression model was used to predict and control the effect of confounders. Results. The prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children was 30.5%. This study showed children whose mothers did not attend any formal education were 89% more likely to develop diarrhea (APR = 1.89, [95% CI: 1.35, 2.53]) compared to their counterparts. Similarly, children’s being in age category 6-23 months (APR = 2.78 [95% CI: 1.72, 4.55]) and mothers’ poor hand washing practice (APR = 2.33 [95% CI: 1.80, 4.15]) were found predictors of diarrhea. The study also showed that, out of 180 mothers whose child had got diarrhea, about 31% of mothers could not give anything to manage the diarrhea. Conclusions. In this study the prevalence of diarrhea was high which was significantly associated with maternal education level, age of the child, and personal hygiene practices. Therefore, women’s education level of at least primary school and enhancing community based behavioral change communications using multiple channels (radio) and community health workers are recommended to reduce the occurrence and consequences of childhood diarrhea in the study area.

scholarly journals Factors influencing protective behaviours during haze episodes in Singapore: A population-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 514-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kennedy YY Ng ◽  
Wesley Yeung ◽  
Ka Lon Sou ◽  
Jie Xin Lim ◽  
Sai Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protective Behaviour ◽  
Lower Education Level ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
Protective Behaviours

Introduction: Haze is a recurrent problem in Southeast Asia. Exposure to haze is linked to ophthalmic, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and mortality. In this study, we investigated the role of demographic factors, knowledge and perceived risk in influencing protective behaviours during the 2013 haze in Singapore. Methods: We evaluated 696 adults in a cross-sectional study. Participants were sampled via a 2-stage simple random sampling without replacement from a large residential district in Singapore in 2015. The questionnaire measured the participant’s knowledge, perceived risk and behaviours during the Southeast Asian haze crisis in 2013. Reliability and validity of the questionnaire were assessed using comparative fit index (≥0.96) and root mean square error of approximation (≤0.05). We performed structural equation modelling to examine the relationship between the hypothesised factors and protective behaviours. Results: More than 95% of the individuals engaged in at least 1 form of protective behaviour. Knowledge was strongly associated with protective behaviours via direct effect (β=0.45, 95% CI 0.19–0.69, P<0.001) and indirect effect through perceived risk (β=0.18, 95% CI 0.07–0.31, P=0.002). Perceived risk was associated with protective behaviours (β=0.28, 95% CI:0.11–0.44, P=0.002). A lower household income and ethnic minority were associated with protective behaviours. A lower education level and smokers were associated with lower knowledge of haze. A higher education and ethnic minority were associated with a lower perceived risk. Wearing of N95 masks was associated with other haze-related protective behaviours (β=0.24, 95% CI 0.08–0.37, P=0.001). Conclusion: Knowledge was associated with protective behaviours, suggesting the importance of public education. Efforts should target those of lower education level and smokers. The wearing of N95 masks correlates with uptake of other protective behaviours. Keywords: Haze, knowledge, N95 mask, protective behaviour, risk perception

scholarly journals Predictors of resignation and sick leave after cancer dianosis among Japanese breast cancer survivors: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyomi Mitsui ◽  
Motoki Endo ◽  
Yuya Imai ◽  
Yuito Ueda ◽  
Hiroko Ogawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Education Level ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
After Cancer

Abstract Background: In Japan, 55.5% of breast cancer survivors (BCSs) are of working age, so various perspectives regarding return to work (RTW) after cancer diagnosis need to be considered. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the risk factors for resignation and taking sick leave (SL) among BCSs in continued employment at the time of diagnosis.Methods: A web-based retrospective cross-sectional survey was conducted on BCSs using data from a 2018 Japanese national research project (Endo-Han) commissioned by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan. The subjects were women aged 18–69 years who had been diagnosed with breast cancer for the first time at least 1 year previously. The risk factors for resignation and taking SL after breast cancer diagnosis, including age at diagnosis, education level, cancer stage, surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, employment status, and occupational type, were then analyzed using a logistic regression model.Results: In total, 40 (14.9%) of 269 BCSs quit their jobs at least 1 year after being diagnosed with breast cancer. The results of the multivariable analysis indicated that lower education level (odds ratio [OR]: 3.802; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.233–11.729), taking SL (OR: 2.514; 95%CI: 1.202–5.261), and younger age at diagnosis (OR: 0.470; 95%CI: 0.221–0.998) were predictors of resignation. Of 229 patients who continued working, SL was taken by 72 (31.4%). In addition, undergoing surgery was found to be a predictor of taking SL (OR: 8.311; 95%CI: 1.007–68.621).Conclusions: In total, 40 (14.9%) of 269 BCSs quit their jobs at least 1 year after being diagnosed with breast cancer. The results of this study indicated that younger age, lower education level, and taking SL were predictors of resignation after breast cancer diagnosis.

scholarly journals Why do married women procure abortion? Experiences from Ile-Ife, south western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-37
Author(s):  
Ibitola Eunice Ojo ◽  
Temitope Olumuyiwa Ojo ◽  
Ernest Okechukwu Orji
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Induced Abortion ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies ◽  
Induced Abortions

Background: In Nigeria, about 1.25million induced abortions occur annually and the country accounts for one-fifth of abor- tion-related deaths globally. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the determinants of induced abortion among married women. Methods: A mixed methods study was conducted in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The quantitative component employed a cross-sectional study design while the qualitative aspect comprised focus group discussions. Information on contraceptives use, unintended pregnancy and induced abortion were obtained from 402 married women (with at least one child) aged 18-49 years using a semi-structured questionnaire. Four focus group discussion sessions were conducted among women of reproductive age. Results: Majority (67.2%) of respondents had ever used a contraceptive method. However, 34.3% of the women have had un- intended pregnancies and 14.2% had induced abortion. FGD findings revealed that non-use of contraceptives and contraceptive failure were major reasons for unintended pregnancies and induced abortion. The significant predictors of induced abortion were non-use of contraceptives, age≥ 40 years and multiparity. Conclusion: Induced abortion still occur among married women particularly those not using contraceptives, aged ≥40 years and those with high parity. More emphasis should be placed on making contraceptives more accessible to married women. Keywords: Induced abortion; unwanted pregancies; married women; Nigeria.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Factors and Knee Osteoarthritis: Effects of Education, Income, and Occupation on Prevalence and Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Yeon Lee ◽  
Kyungdo Han ◽  
Yong Gyu Park ◽  
Sung-Hwan Park
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Lower Education Level ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Objective: To examine the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) as measured by three components of education level, income level, and occupation on prevalence and symptom severity of knee osteoarthritis (OA) and to determine which of these factors has the strongest association.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey that were collected between 2010 and 2012. Male and female participants 50 years or older were included. Analyses to examine the associations of the three SES components with prevalence and symptom severity of knee OA were performed.Results: A total 9,071 participants was included in the study. As expected, lower education, lower income level, and non-managerial or no job were associated with higher prevalence of knee OA and knee symptoms. Among the three SES components, lower education was most strongly associated with knee pain and radiographic knee OA after adjusting for the other two.Conclusions: Lower education level is the component of SES that most strongly relates to higher prevalence of knee OA and knee symptoms. Improving societal education level might decrease the socioeconomic burden of knee OA.

scholarly journals Diet diversity score and healthy eating index in relation to diet quality and socio-demographic factors: results from a cross-sectional national dietary survey of Swedish adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1754-1765
Author(s):  
Lotta Moraeus ◽  
Anna Karin Lindroos ◽  
Eva Warensjö Lemming ◽  
Irene Mattisson
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Dietary Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Lower Education Level ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

AbstractObjective:Groups with low socio-economic status have less healthy diets and higher prevalence of non-communicable diseases. Using the latest Swedish national dietary survey data, we developed a healthy eating index and a diet diversity score with the aim to explore associations between the scores and socio-demographic factors.Design:Cross-sectional national dietary survey. A web-based retrospective registration of food and beverages during 2 d was used to assess dietary intake. This information was used to construct the Swedish Healthy Eating Index for Adolescents 2015 (SHEIA15) and the Riksmaten Adolescents Diet Diversity Score (RADDS). The scores were based on the latest Swedish dietary guidelines from 2015. Intakes of food and nutrients across the scores were examined. Mixed-effects multilevel models were used to assess associations between the scores and household education, sex, school grade, weight status and school municipality.Setting:School-based survey in Sweden.Participants:2905 adolescents in grades 5, 8 and 11, 56 % girls.Results:High scores on SHEIA15 and RADDS were associated with higher intake of vegetables, fish and several nutrients, and lower intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and red meat. Boys and participants in households with lower education level scored lower on both indices. Individuals with overweight/obesity scored lower on RADDS.Conclusions:The newly developed indices can be used to identify healthy eating patterns among Swedish adolescents. Both indices show that boys and adolescents from households with lower education level have poorer dietary habits. Lower diet diversity was related to overweight/obesity, but the overall healthy eating index was not.

scholarly journals Predictors of resignation and sick leave after cancer dianosis among Japanese breast cancer survivors: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyomi Mitsui ◽  
Motoki Endo ◽  
Yuya Imai ◽  
Yuito Ueda ◽  
Hiroko Ogawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Education Level ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
After Cancer

Abstract Background: In Japan, 55.5% of breast cancer survivors (BCSs) are of working age, so various perspectives regarding return to work (RTW) after cancer diagnosis need to be considered. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the risk factors for resignation and taking sick leave (SL) among BCSs in continued employment at the time of diagnosis.Methods: A web-based retrospective cross-sectional survey was conducted on BCSs using data from a 2018 Japanese national research project (Endo-Han) commissioned by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan. The subjects were women aged 18–69 years who had been diagnosed with breast cancer for the first time at least 1 year previously. The risk factors for resignation and taking SL after breast cancer diagnosis, including age at diagnosis, education level, cancer stage, surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, employment status, and occupational type, were then analyzed using a logistic regression model.Results: In total, 40 (14.9%) of 269 BCSs quit their jobs at least 1 year after being diagnosed with breast cancer. The results of the multivariable analysis indicated that lower education level (odds ratio [OR]: 3.802; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.233–11.729), taking SL (OR: 2.514; 95%CI: 1.202–5.261), and younger age at diagnosis (OR: 0.470; 95%CI: 0.221–0.998) were predictors of resignation. Of 229 patients who continued working, SL was taken by 72 (31.4%). In addition, undergoing surgery was found to be a predictor of taking SL (OR: 8.311; 95%CI: 1.007–68.621).Conclusions: In total, 40 (14.9%) of 269 BCSs quit their jobs at least 1 year after being diagnosed with breast cancer. The results of this study indicated that younger age, lower education level, and taking SL were predictors of resignation after breast cancer diagnosis.

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