scholarly journals Providing Food and Nutrition Services during the COVID-19 Surge at the Javits New York Medical Station

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7430
Author(s):  
Emily Sanchez ◽  
Amy R. Gelfand ◽  
Michael D. Perkins ◽  
Maia C. Tarnas ◽  
Ryan B. Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Food Service ◽  
The United States ◽  
Field Hospital ◽  
Humanitarian Emergency ◽  
Recordkeeping System ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Nutrition Service ◽  
York Medical

Military field hospitals typically provide essential medical care in combat zones. In recent years, the United States (US) Army has deployed these facilities to assist domestic humanitarian emergency and natural disaster response efforts. As part of the nation’s whole-of-government approach to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, directed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the Department of Health and Human Services, during New York City’s (NYC) initial surge of COVID-19, from 26 March to 1 May 2020, the US Army erected the Javits New York Medical Station (JNYMS) field hospital to support the city’s overwhelmed healthcare system. The JNYMS tasked a nutrition operations team (NuOp) to provide patient meals and clinical nutrition evaluations to convalescent COVID-19 patients. However, few guidelines were available for conducting emergency nutrition and dietary response efforts prior to the field hospital’s opening. In this case study, we summarize the experiences of the NuOp at the JNYMS field hospital, to disseminate the best practices for future field hospital deployments. We then explain the challenges in service performance, due to information, personnel, supply, and equipment shortages. We conclude by describing the nutrition service protocols that have been implemented to overcome these challenges, including creating a standardized recordkeeping system for patient nutrition information, developing a meal tracking system to forecast meal requirements with food service contractors, and establishing a training and staffing model for military-to-civilian command transition. We highlight the need for a standardized humanitarian emergency nutrition service response framework and propose a Nutrition Response Toolkit for Humanitarian Crises, which offers low-cost, easily adaptable operational protocols for implementation in future field hospital deployments.

scholarly journals Rats and the COVID-19 pandemic: Early data on the global emergence of rats in response to social distancing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Parsons ◽  
Yasushi Kiyokawa ◽  
Jonathan L. Richardson ◽  
Rafal Stryjek ◽  
Kaylee A. Byers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
New Locations ◽  
Public Health Authorities

AbstractFollowing widespread closures of food-related businesses due to efforts to curtail the spread of SARS-CoV-2, public health authorities reported increased sightings of rats in close vicinity of people. Because rats vector a number of pathogens transmissible to people, changes in their behavior has consequences for human health risks. To determine the extent of how stay-at-home measures influenced patterns of rat sightings we: 1) examined the number of rat-related public service requests before and during the period of lockdown in New York City (NYC) and Tokyo, Japan; 2) examined reports made in proximity to closed food service establishments in NYC; and 3) surveyed pest control companies in the United States, Canada, Japan, and Poland. During the month following lockdown, the overall number of reports decreased by 30% in NYC, while increasing 24% in Tokyo. However, new hotspots of 311 calls were observed in proximity of closed food service establishments in NYC; and there was a consistent positive association between kernel density estimates of food service establishments and location of 311 calls (r = 0.33 to 0.45). Similarly, more reports were observed in the restaurant-dense eastern side of Tokyo. Changes in clientele for pest control companies varied geographically, with 37% of pest-management companies surveyed in North America reporting 50-100% of their post-lockdown rat-related requests coming from new clients. In Warsaw, where there are no clusters of restaurants in densely-populated areas, there were no changes. In Tokyo, there were no changes in clients. We conclude that changes in public service calls are region-specific and localized, with increases in rat sightings more likely near restaurant-dense regions. Pest control companies surveyed in North America either lost much of their business or shifted clientele from old to new locations. We discuss possible mitigation measures including ramping up pest control during re-opening of food-related establishments and the need for citywide rodent surveillance and disease monitoring.

scholarly journals Shake Shack IPO Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Caixia Hu
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Food Service ◽  
The United States ◽  
Restaurant Industry ◽  
Fast Food Restaurant ◽  
Fast Food Restaurants ◽  
Successful Business

The restaurant industry is one of the largest and fastest growing sectors in the economy in the United States. According to the National Restaurant Association (NRA), the food service industry is the third largest industry accounting for more than 4% of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP). Shake Shack is an American fast food restaurant chain based in New York City. It started out as a food cart at Madison Square Park in 2000, and its popularity grew steadily. Shake Shack is currently one of the best fast-food restaurants in the world. This article discusses the successful business model of Shake Shack through IPO analysis.

Pan America: Military Mobilization and Disease in the United States

War Epidemics ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Smallman-Raynor ◽  
Andrew Cliff
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish American War ◽  
Population Mixing ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Military Mobilization

In the previous chapter, we outlined a number of methods employed by geographers to study time–space patterns of disease incidence and spread. In this and the next four chapters we use these methods to explore five linked themes in the epidemiological history of war since 1850. We begin here with Theme 1, military mobilization, taking the United States as our geographical reference point. Military mobilization at the outset of wars has always been a fertile breeding ground for epidemics. The rapid concentration of large—occasionally vast—numbers of unseasoned recruits, usually under conditions of great urgency, sometimes in the absence of adequate logisitic arrangements, and often without sufficient accommodation, supplies, equipage, and medical support, entails a disease risk that has been repeated down the years. The epidemiological dangers are multiplied by the crowding together of recruits from different disease environments (including rural rather than urban settings) while, even in relatively recent conflicts, pressures to meet draft quotas have sometimes demanded the enlistment of weak, physically unfit, and sometimes disease-prone applicants. The testimony of Major Samuel D. Hubbard, surgeon to the Ninth New York Volunteer Infantry, US Army, during the Spanish–American War (1898) is illustrative: . . . I examined all the recruits for this regiment . . . Practically all the men belonged to one class . . . They were whisky-soaked, homeless wanderers, the majority of whom gave Bowery lodging houses as their places of residence . . . Certainly the regiment was composed of a class of men likely to be susceptible to disease . . . The regiment was hastily recruited, and while the greatest care was used to get the best, the best had to be selected from the worst. (Hubbard, cited in Reed et al., 1904, i. 223) . . . But the problem of mobilization and disease is not restricted to new recruits. As part of the broader pattern of heightened population mixing, regular service personnel may also be swept into the disease milieu while, occasionally, infections may escape the confines of hastily established assembly and training camps to diffuse widely in civil populations.

scholarly journals Uniformed Services and the Field Hospital Experience During Coronovirus Disease 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) Pandemic: Open to Closure in 30 Days With 1,100 Patients: The Javits New York Medical Station

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Brady ◽  
Dave Milzman ◽  
Edward Walton ◽  
Darren Sommer ◽  
Alan Neustadtl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Field Hospital ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Healthcare Crisis ◽  
Convention Center ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Overall Mortality ◽  
York Medical

ABSTRACT Introduction The surge of SARS-CoV-2-virus infected (COVID-19) patients presenting to New York City (NYC) hospitals quickly overwhelmed and outnumbered the available acute care and intensive care resources in NYC in early March 2020. Upon the arrival of military medical assets to the Javits Convention Center in NYC, the planned mission to care for non-SARS-CoV-2 patients was immediately changed to manage patients with (SARS-CoV-2)COVID-19 and their comorbid conditions. Healthcare professionals from every branch of the uniformed services, augmented by state and local resources, staffed the Javits New York Medical Station (JNYMS) from April 2020. Methods The data review reported aggregated summary statistics and participant observations collected by N.Y. State and U.S. military officials. Results During the 28 days of patient intake at the JNYMS, 1,095 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients were transferred from NYC hospitals to the JNYMS. At its peak, the JNYMS accepted 119 patients in a single day, had a maximum census of 453, and had a peak intensive care unit census of 35. The median length of stay was 4.6 days (interquartile range: 3.1-6.9 days). A total of 103 patients were transferred back to local hospitals, and there were 6 deaths, with an overall mortality rate of 0.6% (95% CI, 0.3-1.2). Discussion and Conclusions This is the first report of the care provided at the JNYMS. Within 2 weeks, this multi-agency effort was able to mobilize to care for over 1,000 SARS-CoV-2 patients with varying degrees of illness in a 1-month period. This was the largest field hospital mobilization in the U.S. medical history in response to a non-wartime pandemic. Its success with huge patient throughput including disposition and low mortality relieved critical overcrowding and supply deficiencies throughout NYC hospitals. The downstream impact likely saved additional hundreds of lives and reduced stress on the system during this healthcare crisis.

John Bond Trevor, Radicals, Eugenics, and Immigration

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Fischer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
The United States ◽  
Red Scare ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
Military Intelligence ◽  
Us Army ◽  
The Us

This chapter examines John Bond Trevor's contribution to anticommunism. Trevor is probably the only man who significantly influenced both the doctrinal evolution of anticommunism and the revolutionary immigration acts of the early 1920s. As director of the New York City branch of the US Army Military Intelligence Division (MI) during the Red Scare, Trevor directly observed and suppressed “radical” elements of the populace. His opinions about the sources of radicalism and the composition of the radical community were solicited by companion organizations, especially the Bureau of Investigation, and MI headquarters in Washington, D.C. He was also a crucial proponent of immigration restrictions as a credible and practicable means of protecting the United States from Bolshevism. This chapter first looks at the origins of Trevor before discussing his collaboration with Archibald Stevenson in forming the Lusk Committee to study the “Bolshevist movement.” It also explores how Trevor synthesized and translated the scientific theories of the eugenics movement into coherent legislation.

Delilah—encrypting speech

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Copeland
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
The United States ◽  
Electronic Version ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Ellis Island ◽  
Chief Of Staff ◽  
The Us ◽  
Foreign Office

Once Enigma was solved and the pioneering work on Tunny was done, Turing’s battering-ram mind was needed elsewhere. Routine codebreaking irked him and he was at his best when breaking new ground. In 1942 he travelled to America to explore cryptology’s next challenge, the encryption of speech. Turing left Bletchley Park for the United States in November 1942. He sailed for New York on a passenger liner, during what was one of the most dangerous periods for Atlantic shipping. It must have been a nerve-racking journey. That month alone, the U-boats sank more than a hundred Allied vessels. Turing was the only civilian aboard a floating barracks, packed to bursting point with military personnel. At times there were as many as 600 men crammed into the officers’ lounge—Turing said he nearly fainted. On the ship’s arrival in New York, it was decreed that his papers were inadequate, and this placed his entry to the United States in jeopardy. The immigration officials even debated interning him on Ellis Island. ‘That will teach my employers to furnish me with better credentials’ was Turing’s laconic comment. It was a private joke at the British government’s expense: since becoming a codebreaker in 1939, his employers were none other than His Majesty’s Foreign Office. America did not exactly welcome Turing with open arms. His principal reason for making the dangerous trip across the Atlantic was to spend time at Manhattan’s Bell Telephone Laboratories, where speech encryption work was going on, but the authorities declined to clear him to visit this hive of top-secret projects. General George Marshall, Chief of Staff of the US Army, declared that Bell Labs housed work ‘of so secret a nature that Dr. Turing cannot be given access’. While Winston Churchill’s personal representative in Washington, Sir John Dill, struggled to get General Marshall’s decision reversed, Turing spent his first two months in America advising Washington’s codebreakers—no doubt this was unknown to Marshall, who might otherwise have forbidden Turing’s involvement. During this time Turing also acted as consultant to the engineers who were designing an electronic version of his bombe for production in America.

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