scholarly journals Detailed Analysis of Neurological Symptoms and Sensory Disturbances Due to Chronic Arsenic Exposure in Toroku, Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10749
Author(s):  
Takashi Sugiyama ◽  
Nobuyuki Ishii ◽  
Yuka Ebihara ◽  
Kazutaka Shiomi ◽  
Hitoshi Mochizuki
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Natural Course ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Tube Wells ◽  
Sensory Disturbances ◽  
Chronic Arsenic Exposure ◽  
High Concentrations

As a result of population growth and the development of tube wells, humans’ exposure to arsenic has increased over the past few decades. The natural course of organ damage secondary to arsenic exposure is not yet well understood. In Toroku, Japan, an arsenic mine was intermittently operated from 1920 to 1962, and residents were exposed to high concentrations of arsenic. In this paper, we analyzed 190 consecutive residents for whom detailed records of neurological symptoms and findings were obtained from 1974 to 2005. All participants were interviewed regarding the presence of general, skin, hearing, respiratory, and neurological symptoms. Neurological symptoms were classified into extremity numbness or pain, constipation, dyshidrosis, sensory loss, and muscle atrophy. Superficial and vibratory sensation was also evaluated. More than 80% of participants experienced extremity numbness, and numbness was the most common neurological symptom. Numbness was associated with superficial sensory disturbance, and was correlated with the subsequent development of other neurological symptoms, including autonomic and motor symptoms. No previous studies have investigated the natural course of chronic arsenic intoxication; thus, these data serve as a guide for detecting early symptoms due to arsenic exposure.

scholarly journals Dynamic alteration in miRNA and mRNA expression profiles at different stages of chronic arsenic exposure-induced carcinogenesis in a human cell culture model of skin cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayukh Banerjee ◽  
Ana Ferragut Cardoso ◽  
Laila Al-Eryani ◽  
Jianmin Pan ◽  
Theodore S. Kalbfleisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Hacat Cell ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Chronic Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Pathway Analyses ◽  
Time Point

AbstractChronic arsenic exposure causes skin cancer, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well defined. Altered microRNA and mRNA expression likely play a pivotal role in carcinogenesis. Changes in genome-wide differential expression of miRNA and mRNA at 3 strategic time points upon chronic sodium arsenite (As3+) exposure were investigated in a well-validated HaCaT cell line model of arsenic-induced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Quadruplicate independent HaCaT cell cultures were exposed to 0 or 100 nM As3+ for up to 28-weeks (wk). Cell growth was monitored throughout the course of exposure and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was examined employing immunoblot. Differentially expressed miRNA and mRNA profiles were generated at 7, 19, and 28-wk by RNA-seq, followed by identification of differentially expressed mRNA targets of differentially expressed miRNAs through expression pairing at each time point. Pathway analyses were performed for total differentially expressed mRNAs and for the miRNA targeted mRNAs at each time point. RNA-seq predictions were validated by immunoblot of selected target proteins. While the As3+-exposed cells grew slower initially, growth was equal to that of unexposed cells by 19-wk (transformation initiation), and exposed cells subsequently grew faster than passage-matched unexposed cells. As3+-exposed cells had undergone EMT at 28-wk. Pathway analyses demonstrate dysregulation of carcinogenesis-related pathways and networks in a complex coordinated manner at each time point. Immunoblot data largely corroborate RNA-seq predictions in the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) pathway. This study provides a detailed molecular picture of changes occurring during the arsenic-induced transformation of human keratinocytes.

scholarly journals Autophagy mediates bronchial cell malignant transformation induced by chronic arsenic exposure via MEK/ERK1/2 pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 332 ◽  
pp. 155-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linqing Wu ◽  
Zengbin Wang ◽  
Xiaotong Li ◽  
Xiaoli He ◽  
Yanfei Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Chronic Arsenic Exposure

scholarly journals Effects of lead chloride on human erythrocyte membranes and on kinetic anion sulphate and glutathione concentrations

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziana Gugliotta ◽  
Grazia Luca ◽  
Pietro Romano ◽  
Caterina Rigano ◽  
Adriana Scuteri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Erythrocyte ◽  
Redox State ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Lead Chloride ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Average Lifetime ◽  
Erythrocyte Concentration ◽  
Human Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Oxidative Effect

AbstractOur study concerns the effects of exposure to lead chloride on the morphology, K+ efflux, SO4 − influx and GSH levels of the human erythrocyte. Blood was collected in heparinized tubes and washed three times. The cells were suspended at 3% hematocrit and incubated for 1 h at 25°C in a medium containing increasing concentrations of lead chloride (0, 0.3, 0.5 and 1 μM). After incubation, the suspensions were centrifuged and the erythrocyte pellets were divided into three aliquots for testing. The results show: an increase in the permeability of erythrocytes treated with lead chloride with consequent damage and cellular death, especially in the presence of high concentrations; an increase in potassium ion efflux; alterations in the morphology and membrane structure of the red blood cells; and a decrease in sulphate uptake, due either to the oxidative effect of this compound on the band 3 protein, which loses its biological valence as a carrier of sulphate ions, or to a decrease in the ATP erythrocyte concentration. In conclusion, the exposure of erythrocytes to Pb2+ ions leads to a reduction in the average lifetime of the erythrocytes and the subsequent development of anemia. These data are discussed in terms of the possible effect of lead on the reduction-oxidation systems of the cell. Oxidant agents, such as lead, are known to cross-link integral membrane proteins, leading to K/Cl-cotransport. The increased K+ efflux affects the altered redox state.

Total arsenic concentrations in toenails quantified by two techniques provide a useful biomarker of chronic arsenic exposure in drinking water

2006 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blakely M. Adair ◽  
Edward E. Hudgens ◽  
Michael T. Schmitt ◽  
Rebecca L. Calderon ◽  
David J. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Total Arsenic ◽  
Chronic Arsenic Exposure

scholarly journals Neurological symptoms and natural course of xeroderma pigmentosum

Brain ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 131 (8) ◽  
pp. 1979-1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Anttinen ◽  
L. Koulu ◽  
E. Nikoskelainen ◽  
R. Portin ◽  
T. Kurki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xeroderma Pigmentosum ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Natural Course

scholarly journals Vascular Effects of Chronic Arsenic Exposure: A Review

1994 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Engel ◽  
Claudia Hopenhayn-Rich ◽  
Olivier Receveur ◽  
Allan H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Chronic Arsenic Exposure

scholarly journals Quality of Drinking Water in the Balkhash District of Kazakhstan’s Almaty Region

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabir Nurtazin ◽  
Steven Pueppke ◽  
Temirkhan Ospan ◽  
Azamat Mukhitdinov ◽  
Timur Elebessov
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Chemical Impurities ◽  
Tube Wells ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Growth Economic

The thinly populated Balkhash District of Kazakhstan’s Almaty Region lies in the lower reaches of the Ili-Balkhash basin, which is shared by China and Kazakhstan. The district is arid and heavily dependent on inflows of surface water, which are threatened by the effects of upstream population growth, economic development, and climate change. The quality of drinking water from centralized water systems and tube wells in nine villages of the district was analyzed, and the organoleptic properties of water from these sources was also assessed by an expert and via surveys of local residents. Although most samples met governmental standards for the absence of chemical impurities, high concentrations of mineralization, chlorides, boron, iron, and/or uranium were present in some well water samples. Levels of these pollutants were as much as 4-fold higher than governmental maxima and as much as 16-fold higher than concentrations reported previously in surface water. All centralized water samples met standards for absence of microbial contamination, but total microbial counts in some well water samples exceeded standards. Organoleptic standards were met by all the water from five villages, but centralized water from one village and well water from four villages failed to meet standards based on expert judgment. Residents were, for the most part, more satisfied with centralized rather than well water, but there was no obvious relationship between the failure of water to meet standards and the locations or populations of the settlements. This is the first comprehensive assessment of groundwater used for drinking in the lower Ili-Balkhash basin, and although it relies on a limited number of samples, it nevertheless provides evidence of potentially serious groundwater contamination in the Balkhash District. It is thus imperative that additional and more detailed studies be undertaken.

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