scholarly journals Decreased Levels of Soluble CD44 in a High-Risk Population following a Smoking Cessation Program

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13174
Author(s):  
Drew H. Smith ◽  
Shahm Raslan ◽  
Isildinha M. Reis ◽  
Abdurrahman Al-Awady ◽  
Isabella Buitron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Smoking Cessation Program ◽  
Cell Surface Receptor ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Oral Rinse ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soluble Cd44

Tobacco is a risk factor of head and neck cancer (HNC) and smoking cessation alone may reduce HNC risk by 70%. Soluble CD44 (solCD44), a cell surface receptor linked to cell proliferation and migration, and total protein (TP) levels can detect early HNC. This study aims to determine whether salivary solCD44 and TP levels in oral rinses change following a smoking cessation program. 150 smokers provided oral rinse samples at baseline and at a 12-month follow-up after participation in a smoking cessation program. Assays to measure levels of solCD44, TP, and cotinine, a metabolite used as a biomarker of tobacco exposure, were completed. A paired-samples t-test was used to determine whether there was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) mean difference in biomarker levels before and after the program. Baseline and at 12-month follow-up data were available for 88 subjects, 21 of whom quit smoking entirely. Mean levels of solCD44 significantly decreased by 0.412 ng/mL from baseline to the 12-month follow-up, p = 0.010. There was no significant difference in mean TP levels, p = 0.975. Mean cotinine levels decreased significantly by 74.7 ng/mL, p = 0.035. This is the first work demonstrating an association between smoking cessation and decreased solCD44 levels in oral rinses. Decreased expression of the tumorigenic CD44 may be one mechanism by which smoking cessation lowers cancer risk.

scholarly journals Addition of one session with a specialist counselor did not increase efficacy of a family physician-led smoking cessation program

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 3809-3818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Hsuan Chung ◽  
Hao-Hsiang Chang ◽  
Chia-Wen Lu ◽  
Kuo-Chin Huang ◽  
Fei-Ran Guo
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Family Physician ◽  
Protocol Analysis ◽  
Smoking Cessation Program ◽  
Brief Counseling ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Initial Session ◽  
Treat Analysis

Objective Higher-intensity counseling sessions increase the smoking abstinence rate. However, counselors are limited in Taiwan. This study was performed to determine whether the addition of one session with a specialist counselor increases the efficacy of a family physician-led smoking cessation program. Methods Participants opted to either visit a family physician for brief counseling and pharmacotherapy (Po) or visit a specialist counselor for an initial session followed by a family physician for brief counseling sessions with pharmacotherapy (P+). The 7-day point prevalence (PP) rate was evaluated at weeks 12 and 24. Results In total, 356 patients were enrolled. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the PP rate at week 12 was higher in the Po than P+ group, but there was no significant difference at week 24. In the per-protocol analysis, the PP rates at weeks 12 and 24 were not significantly different between the Po and P+ groups. The adjusted odds ratios also revealed no significant differences in either the intention-to-treat analysis or the per-protocol analysis between the two groups. Conclusion The addition of one session with a specialist counselor had no benefit over the provision of counseling through a family physician at either 12 or 24 weeks of follow-up.

Melatih Kepemimpinan Perangkat Desa Kebonharjo Kulonprogo: Membangun Sikap Anti Korupsi

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Adi Heryadi ◽  
Evianawati Evianawati
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Sample Test ◽  
Corruption Perception ◽  
Measuring Tool

This study aims to prove whether transformational leadership training is effective for building anti-corruption attitudes of villages in Kebonharjo village, subdistrict Samigaluh Kulonprogo. This research is an experimental research with one group pre and posttest design.Subject design is 17 people from village of 21 candidates registered. Measuring tool used in this research is the scale of anti-corruption perception made by the researcher referring to the 9 anti-corruption values with the value of reliability coefficient of 0.871. The module used as an intervention made by the researcher refers to the transformational leadership dimension (Bass, 1990). The data collected is analyzed by statistical analysis of different test Paired Sample Test. Initial data collection results obtained sign value of 0.770 which means> 0.05 or no significant difference between anti-corruption perception score between before and after training. After a period of less than 1 (one) month then conducted again the measurement of follow-up of the study subjects in the measurement again using the scale of anti-corruption perception. The results of the second data collection were analysed with Paired Samples Test and obtained the value of 0.623 sign meaning p> 0.05 or no significant difference between post test data with follow-up data so that the hypothesis of this study was rejected.

Efficacy of electronic cigarettes for tobacco smoking cessation: An adapted systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
T O'Dowd
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Smoking Reduction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Abstract Background Worldwide smoking remains the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality. Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are increasingly used by tobacco smokers as an aid to smoking cessation; however, their efficacy remains uncertain. Methods Electronic databases, clinical trial registries and grey literature sources were searched. The aim was to examine randomised controlled trials or prospective cohort studies, published since the 2016 Cochrane review on this topic, that assessed the efficacy of ECs in achieving smoking cessation among current smokers. Results Two RCTs and five cohort studies, including a total of 16,460 participants, were eligible for inclusion. One RCT found sustained 1-year abstinence of 18.0% in the EC group versus 9.9% in the nicotine replacement therapy group (RR: 1.83; 95% CI 1.30 to 2.58; P &lt; 0.001). The second RCT did not find a statistically significant difference in abstinence rates between EC users and non-users (RR 0.71). Of the five included cohort studies, four reported statistically significant RRs. Two found a positive association (RRs of 1.45 and 1.84) between EC use and smoking cessation but two studies showed EC use was associated with reduced smoking cessation (RRs of 0.25 and 0.35). Due to significant heterogeneity between the studies the data were deemed unsuitable for pooling into a meta-analysis. All trials assessing smoking reduction reported higher rates of reduction among EC users. No serious adverse events were reported with EC use. Follow-up periods of included trials ranged from one to four years, with an average of 1.6 years. Conclusions There is limited, low-quality evidence that ECs are an effective intervention for smoking cessation and smoking reduction. The overall quality of evidence is low as it is based on a small number of studies with inconsistent and imprecise results. Due to the short follow-up periods of the included trials, the long-term safety of ECs is unclear from this review. Key messages Limited evidence that electronic cigarettes are an effective smoking cessation intervention. Further well-designed randomised controlled trials are required to investigate the efficacy of ECs for smoking cessation.

scholarly journals One year follow-up of the Chicago televised smoking cessation program.

1989 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1377-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
B R Flay ◽  
C L Gruder ◽  
R B Warnecke ◽  
L A Jason ◽  
P Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Smoking Cessation Program ◽  
One Year

A follow-up of a media-based, worksite smoking cessation program

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doreen Salina ◽  
Leonard A. Jason ◽  
Donald Hedeker ◽  
Joy Kaufman ◽  
Linda Lesondak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Smoking Cessation Program

Randomized Controlled Trial of an Interactive Internet Smoking Cessation Program with Long-Term Follow-up

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel F. Seidman ◽  
J. Lee Westmaas ◽  
Steve Goldband ◽  
Vance Rabius ◽  
Edward S. Katkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Smoking Cessation Program ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

scholarly journals A Pilot Study of Tobacco Screening and Referral for Smoking Cessation Program among HIV-Infected Patients in France

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Jacques Parienti ◽  
Zine Merzougui ◽  
Arnaud de la Blanchardière ◽  
Sylvie Dargère ◽  
Philippe Feret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Smoking Cessation Program ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
Active Smoking ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
History Of Depression

Background: The prevalence of tobacco smoking is high among patients living with HIV, supporting the need for effective targeted interventions. Materials and Methods: All current smokers at our outpatient HIV clinic were invited to participate in a smoking cessation program. Results: Of the 716 patients living with HIV, 280 (39%) reported active smoking and were younger, more recently HIV infected and more frequently infected due to intravenous drug use (IDU). One hundred forty-seven (53%) smokers agreed to participate in the smoking cessation program and had a higher Fagerström score and were less likely IDU. During follow-up, 41 (28%) smokers withdrew from the program. After 6 months, 60 (57%) of the 106 smokers who completed the intervention had stopped tobacco smoking and were more likely to use varenicline, adjusting for a history of depression. Conclusion: Our smoking cessation program was feasible. However, strategies to reach and retain in smoking cessation program specific groups such as IDU are needed to improve the smoking cessation cascade.

scholarly journals The Effects of Smoking-Cessation Counseling Based on the Stages-of-Change Model in Dental Patients; Semi-Experimental Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Ghorbani ◽  
Arezoo Ebn Ahmady ◽  
Zahra Hosseini ◽  
Somayyeh Azimi
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Stages Of Change ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Dental Student ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Smoking Cessation Counseling ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Dentists may take part in smoking cessation counseling of dental patients by using the time they are engaged in dental procedures and by emphasizing on oral manifestations of smoking. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of smoking cessation counseling by a dentist on preparation for change to quit smoking in smoker patients. Methods This study was performed on 150 smoking patients admitted to Dental School of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of 75 patients. The intervention group received smoking cessation counseling by a single senior dental student. A self-administered questionnaire containing questions regarding the position of the individual in change cycle stages was completed by both intervention and control group at baseline and at one-month follow up. For statistical analysis, paired t-tests, Mann-Whitney U and multivariate linear regression models was used with a significance level of P<0.05. Results At baseline, there were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups in terms of change cycle stages of smoking cessation. Also, there was no significant difference between change cycle stages at baseline and one-month follow up in control group; but this difference in intervention group was significant (p=0.006). The proportion of patients in the pre-contemplation stage decreased by 43% while the proportion of patients in the contemplation and action stages increased by 20% and 16% respectively. Conclusions The smoking cessation counseling enhances forward movement through the stages-of-change of smoking cessation. Measurement of this movement may be an important intermediary in evaluating small clinical trials of counseling.

scholarly journals Tibiotalocalcaneal Fusion Rate with a Novel Pseudoelastic Intramedullary Nail with NiTiNOL

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011418S0004
Author(s):  
Travis Dekker ◽  
John Steele ◽  
Beau Kildow ◽  
James DeOrio ◽  
Mark Easley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Intramedullary Nail ◽  
Fusion Rate ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Risk Population ◽  
Non Union ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

Category: Ankle Arthritis Introduction/Purpose: Tibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) fusion is a salvage operation for patients with significant arthritis and deformity of ankle and subtalar joints. Despite overall clinic success, fusion across both joints continues to be a major challenge with nonunion rates reported up to 48% [Franceschi]. Aside from certain patient comorbidities, nonunion may result when compression across the joint is lost in the setting of bone resorption. The use of a pseudoelastic intramedullary nail has been shown to maintain compression across fusion site in response to bone resorption. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fusion rate in a high-risk population at a tertiary care center using a psuedoelastic intramedullary nail with an internal nitinol element. Methods: After obtaining IRB approval, a retrospective review of consecutive patients that underwent procedures with TTC fusion with novel intramedullary nail system with super elastic internal nickel titanium (NiTiNOL, DynaNail, Medshape Inc, Atlanta, GA) was performed at a single academic institution. From 2014 to 2016, 58 patients were identified, 55 of which had minimum one year follow up or clinical and radiographic fusion (20 months average, range 6-41 months). The primary outcome was radiographic fusion analysis which was reviewed by three authors. Fusion was determined by consensus with criteria of 3 of 4 cortices with osseous bridging in asymptomatic patients[1, 2] or CT fusion based on Glazebrook et. al. criteria for hindfoot fusion[3, 4]. Average age of this cohort was 59 (SD= 16.3) years with BMI average 33.1 (SD= 8.87). Exclusion criteria include: follow-up less than 12 months in non-fused patients, and incomplete clinical or radiologic data. Results: The fusion rate in this high-risk population was 80.0% with the use of the NiTiNOL tibiotalocalcaneal nailing system. Univariate analysis demonstrated no significant difference (p>0.05) in fusion rates with patient comorbidities that portend to non-union: current or former history of tobacco use, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, nor patients with chronic kidney disease. The average BMI in the fusion group was 31.97 compared to 27.4 in the non-union group (p=0.016). There were 5 deep infections requiring reoperation with a single patient requiring a below the knee amputation. Seven patients required a second operation for removal of prominent interlocking screws. Conclusion: This preliminary data demonstrates fusion rates with this novel intramedullary device are consistent with historical data. These findings are encouraging in that this nailing system shows equal rates of fusion in patients with high risk comorbidities for non-union compared to historical controls demonstrating increased non-union rates in diabetics, patients with chronic renal failure and those with a history of smoking. This Tibiotalocalcaneal nailing system is safe and offers theoretical sustained compression with up to 6 mm of resorption or settling.

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