scholarly journals Sleep Deprivation, Immune Suppression and SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 904
Author(s):  
Beatrice Ragnoli ◽  
Patrizia Pochetti ◽  
Patrizia Pignatti ◽  
Mariangela Barbieri ◽  
Lucrezia Mondini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Immune Suppression ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Metabolic Physiology ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Immune Health ◽  
The Relationship

Sleep health and its adaptation to individual and environmental factors are crucial to promote physical and mental well-being across animal species. In recent years, increasing evidence has been reported regarding the relationship between sleep and the immune system and how sleep disturbances may perturb the delicate balance with severe repercussions on health outcomes. For instance, experimental sleep deprivation studies in vivo have reported several major detrimental effects on immune health, including induced failure of host defense in rats and increased risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS) and immune suppression in humans. In addition, two novel risk factors for dysregulated metabolic physiology have recently been identified: sleep disruption and circadian misalignment. In light of these recent findings about the interplay between sleep and the immune system, in this review, we focus on the relationship between sleep deprivation and immunity against viruses, with a special interest in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals HTLV-1 AND TUBERCULOSIS ASSOCIATION: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Normeide Pedreira dos Santos ◽  
Monique Lírio ◽  
Rita Elizabeth Moreira Mascarenhas ◽  
Leonardo Pereira Santana ◽  
Bernardo Galvão Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cochrane Library ◽  
T Lymphotropic Virus ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Group Response ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: To review and evaluate the scientific evidences on the relationship between tuberculosis (TB) and HTLV-1 infection. Methods: Searches on MEDLINE, LILACS/SciELO and Cochrane Library databases were performed using the following keywords: HTLV-1 Infection, Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1; Paraparesis Tropical Spastic; Tuberculosis. The following data were evaluated: Study design, sample size, number of controls, frequency of HTLV-1 infection in patients with TB and uninfected controls, mortality in HTLV-1/TB coinfected individuals compared with controls group, response in vivo and in vitro to PPD, frequency of individuals with tuberculin skin test (TST) positive or negative. Results: Nineteen articles were selected: twelve investigated prevalence, four mortality, three evaluated both prevalence and mortality and six described immunological findings. The majority of the studies was conducted in South America (Brazil and Peru), and Japan. Seven out of 12 studies found an increased risk of HTLV-1 in patients with TB diagnosis. The prevalence of HTLV-1/TB co-infection ranged from1.49 % in Brazil to 11.4 % in patients in Peru. Two out of five studies found a higher mortality of patients with HTLV-1/TB co-infection compared to patients with TB alone. Three studies conducted in Africa (Guinea Bissau and Senegal) found no increase in the mortality of patients co-infected with TB and HTLV-1. A decreased response to PPD in vitro or in vivo was observed in co-infected individuals compared with patients with TB alone. Conclusion: Patients with TB diagnosis have a higher prevalence of HTLV-1, compared with uninfected controls. Co-infection HTLV-1/TB increases the mortality of TB.

Sleep disturbances in adults with frailty and sarcopenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-107
Author(s):  
Reona Chiba ◽  
Yuki Ohashi ◽  
Akiko Ozaki
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Several epidemiological studies have reported an age-related increase in the prevalence of sleep disturbances. This study aims to investigate the relationship between sleep and sarcopenia/frailty in older adults and clarify issues that remain to be addressed in future studies. Design/methodology/approach PubMed was searched for relevant studies with the following keywords in the title: “sleep” and “sarcopenia” or “sleep” and “frailty.” A total of 15 studies published in English between 1998 and 2018 were reviewed. Findings Among the four studies that examined the relationship between sarcopenia and sleep, two reported that long or short sleep duration increased the risk of sarcopenia and this association was more pronounced in women than men. Among the seven studies examining the relationship between frailty and sleep, four reported that higher Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores were associated with an increased risk of frailty. Practical implications Most previous studies have focused on interventions targeting a single area such as muscle strength or exercise habits, in older adults at risk for frailty. The results suggest that interventions targeting improved sleep may positively impact the maintenance of muscle strength. Originality/value The literature review revealed that too much or too little sleep increases the risk of sarcopenia in older adults. Further, sleep deprivation, greater night-time wakefulness and reduced sleep quality increase the risk of frailty. Interestingly, the risk of mortality is increased in individuals with daytime functional disorders such as excessive drowsiness or napping habits.

scholarly journals The Associations Between Preceptor Team Lead Relationships and Resident Wellness in an Academic Medicine Setting: An Exploratory Study

PRiMER ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar A. Gonzalez ◽  
Natalie E Gentile ◽  
Kurt B Angstman ◽  
Julia R Craner ◽  
Robert P. Bonacci
Keyword(s):  
Family Medicine ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Resident Wellness ◽  
Team Based Care ◽  
Perception Of Support ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Family Medicine Residents

Background: Lack of wellness among physicians has been associated with increased risk for physical and mental illness, interpersonal discord, and occupational liability. In academic primary care practices, physician wellness and self-care behaviors have been associated with improved patient outcomes. With the increase in team-based care structures in primary care clinics and residencies there may be opportunities to promote wellness among primary clinicians, particularly among resident physicians who are at increased risk for decreased well being. The primary objective of the study was to test an a priori hypothesis that family medicine residents’ perception of support from preceptor team leads would be associated with wellbeing. A secondary objective of the study was to test a post hoc hypothesis that examined whether the relationship between residents’ perception of support from their preceptor team leads would be associated with residents’ well being, while controlling for self-care behaviors. Methods: Our study utilized a prospective cross-sectional design with purposive sampling to survey family medicine residents. Data were collected in February 2016. The survey was sent out to 58 family medicine residents across three family medicine residencies at Mayo Clinic. The survey response rate was 55% (n=32); Ten (31.3%) residents reported being in their PGY-1, 11 (34.4%) in PGY-2; and 11 (34.4%) in PGY-3; participants included 19 (59.4%) women and 13 (40.6%) men. The Brief Resident Wellness Profile (BRWP) was utilized to assess family medicine residents’ perceived sense of professional accomplishment and mood in the past week. Results: In bivariate correlational analyses, increased perception of support from preceptor team leads (r=.40, P<.01) and reporting a male gender (r=.43, P<.01) was associated with increased resident wellness. In exploratory multivariate analysis, results suggested that while controlling for gender, frequency of self-care behaviors, and perceived preceptor team lead support, a one-point change on rating of perceived team leader support is associated with a 1.69 increase in resident wellness score on the BRWP. Conclusions: Our results provide preliminary evidence to support the relationship between preceptor team lead support and resident wellness in team-based care, above and beyond the impact that self-behaviors have on wellness. Our findings suggest evidence for the subsequent study of the impact of preceptor team lead relationship quality on resident wellness. 

scholarly journals Inflammation Predicts Decision-Making Characterized by Impulsivity, Present Focus, and an Inability to Delay Gratification

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
TCU Hill Lab
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Risky Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Present Focus

Here, we propose a novel theoretical model linking present-focused decision-making to the activities of the immune system. We tested our model by examining the relationship between inflammatory activity – in vivo and in vitro – and decision-making characterized by impulsivity, present focus, and an inability to delay gratification. Results support our model, revealing that inflammation predicts these outcomes even after controlling for factors that may contribute to a spurious linkage between them. Moreover, subsequent analyses revealed that our model was a better fit for the data than alternative models using present-focused decision-making and its health-harming behavioural sequelae (e.g., smoking, risky sexual behaviour) to predict inflammation, lending support for the proposed directionality of this relationship. Together, these results suggest that inflammation may contribute to decision-making patterns that can result in undesirable personal and societal outcomes.

Flexible Pay but Fixed Expenses: Personal Financial Strain among On-Call Employees

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Aronsson ◽  
Margareta Dallner ◽  
Tomas Lindh ◽  
Sara Göransson
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Temporary Employees ◽  
Financial Pressure ◽  
Personal Finances ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Poverty And Health

The aim of the study was to investigate the financial circumstances of a group of temporary employees and whether personal financial strain is related to an increased risk of ill-health. The study group consisted of 778 on-call employees. The response rate to a mailed questionnaire was 56 percent. Twenty percent of respondents stated that they had experienced economic difficulties of some kind. More than 50 percent regarded their form of employment as an impediment to obtaining a loan, and approximately 40 percent regarded it as a barrier to acquiring a housing contract. The study group is strongly polarized with regard to personal financial matters. There is a clear connection between poverty and health. Individuals who were both worried about their personal finances and objectively poor had far lower levels of psychological well-being (as measured by GHQ-12), more stomach, back, and neck complaints, more headaches, and greater tiredness and listlessness. Sleep disturbances acted as a mediating variable between financial pressure and stomach problems.

scholarly journals Hemorrhagic Transformation in Ischemic Stroke and the Role of Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Spronk ◽  
Gina Sykes ◽  
Sarina Falcione ◽  
Danielle Munsterman ◽  
Twinkle Joy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Reperfusion Therapy ◽  
Hemorrhagic Transformation ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a common complication in patients with acute ischemic stroke. It occurs when peripheral blood extravasates across a disrupted blood brain barrier (BBB) into the brain following ischemic stroke. Preventing HT is important as it worsens stroke outcome and increases mortality. Factors associated with increased risk of HT include stroke severity, reperfusion therapy (thrombolysis and thrombectomy), hypertension, hyperglycemia, and age. Inflammation and the immune system are important contributors to BBB disruption and HT and are associated with many of the risk factors for HT. In this review, we present the relationship of inflammation and immune activation to HT in the context of reperfusion therapy, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and age. Differences in inflammatory pathways relating to HT are discussed. The role of inflammation to stratify the risk of HT and therapies targeting the immune system to reduce the risk of HT are presented.

scholarly journals Mental Health in the Context of Information Society: To the Issue of Changes in the Pathogenesis and Pathomorphism of Diseases (by the Model of Disturbances of the Sleep-Wake Cycle)

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-60
Author(s):  
A.Sh. Tkhostov ◽  
E.I. Rasskazova ◽  
V.A. Emelin
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Clinical Level ◽  
Late Evening ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Acting Force

Information technologies affect the most important problem of subjective boundaries and their privacy. Electronic gadgets are regularly used at night or in the late evening, which is associated with the complaints of sleep disturbances on the non-clinical level. The present study aims at clarifying the relationship between anxiety, depression and the use of electronic gadgets in the evening and night, and the complaints of sleep disturbances in adult respondents without any diagnosed sleep disorders. It is shown that the association between the use of gadgets at night and complaints of sleep dis¬turbances remains after controlling for the level of anxiety and depression. This means that their use in the evening and night induced by the nature of the information-com¬munication technology itself is a separate predictor of sleep disorders, metaphorically speaking, a new “acting” force in somnology. This effect manifests not only in anxiety, depression and other behavioral factors of sleep hygiene disturbances, but reveals itself more obviously in the situation of relative well-being at a low level of anxiety.

scholarly journals Inadequacy of Immune Health Nutrients: Intakes in US Adults, the 2005–2016 NHANES

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carroll A. Reider ◽  
Ray-Yuan Chung ◽  
Prasad P. Devarshi ◽  
Ryan W. Grant ◽  
Susan Hazels Mitmesser
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
At Risk Populations ◽  
Immune Health ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Critical Nutrients ◽  
The U.S

A well-functioning immune system is essential for human health and well-being. Micronutrients such as vitamins A, C, D, E, and zinc have several functions throughout the immune system, yet inadequate nutrient intakes are pervasive in the US population. A large body of research shows that nutrient inadequacies can impair immune function and weaken the immune response. Here, we present a new analysis of micronutrient usual intake estimates based on nationally representative data in 26,282 adults (>19 years) from the 2005–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). Overall, the prevalence of inadequacy (% of population below estimated average requirement [EAR]) in four out of five key immune nutrients is substantial. Specifically, 45% of the U.S. population had a prevalence of inadequacy for vitamin A, 46% for vitamin C, 95% for vitamin D, 84% for vitamin E, and 15% for zinc. Dietary supplements can help address nutrient inadequacy for these immune-support nutrients, demonstrated by a lower prevalence of individuals below the EAR. Given the long-term presence and widening of nutrient gaps in the U.S.—specifically in critical nutrients that support immune health—public health measures should adopt guidelines to ensure an adequate intake of these micronutrients. Future research is needed to better understand the interactions and complexities of multiple nutrient shortfalls on immune health and assess and identify optimal levels of intake in at-risk populations.

scholarly journals Wet Bulb Globe Temperature and Recorded Occupational Injury Rates among Sugarcane Harvesters in Southwest Guatemala

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8195
Author(s):  
Miranda Dally ◽  
Jaime Butler-Dawson ◽  
Cecilia J. Sorensen ◽  
Mike Van Dyke ◽  
Katherine A. James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Occupational Injury ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature ◽  
Daily Average ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Generalized Linear Modelling ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
The Relationship

As global temperatures continue to rise it is imperative to understand the adverse effects this will pose to workers laboring outdoors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between increases in wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and risk of occupational injury or dehydration among agricultural workers. We used data collected by an agribusiness in Southwest Guatemala over the course of four harvest seasons and Poisson generalized linear modelling for this analysis. Our analyses suggest a 3% increase in recorded injury risk with each degree increase in daily average WBGT above 30 °C (95% CI: −6%, 14%). Additionally, these data suggest that the relationship between WBGT and injury risk is non-linear with an additional 4% acceleration in risk for every degree increase in WBGT above 30 °C (95% CI: 0%, 8%). No relationship was found between daily average WBGT and risk of dehydration. Our results indicate that agricultural workers are at an increased risk of occupational injury in humid and hot environments and that businesses need to plan and adapt to increasing global temperatures by implementing and evaluating effective occupational safety and health programs to protect the health, safety, and well-being of their workers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document