scholarly journals A PTPmu Biomarker is Associated with Increased Survival in Gliomas

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette L. Johansen ◽  
Jason Vincent ◽  
Haley Gittleman ◽  
Sonya E. L. Craig ◽  
Marta Couce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Tissue Microarrays ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
World Health ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Oligodendroglial Tumors ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health Organization

An integrated approach has been adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diagnosing brain tumors. This approach relies on the molecular characterization of biopsied tissue in conjunction with standard histology. Diffuse gliomas (grade II to grade IV malignant brain tumors) have a wide range in overall survival, from months for the worst cases of glioblastoma (GBM) to years for lower grade astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors. We previously identified a change in the cell adhesion molecule PTPmu in brain tumors that results in the generation of proteolytic fragments. We developed agents to detect this cell surface-associated biomarker of the tumor microenvironment. In the current study, we evaluated the PTPmu biomarker in tissue microarrays and individual tumor samples of adolescent and young adult (n = 25) and adult (n = 69) glioma populations using a fluorescent histochemical reagent, SBK4-TR, that recognizes the PTPmu biomarker. We correlated staining with clinical data and found that high levels of the PTPmu biomarker correlate with increased survival of glioma patients, including those with GBM. Patients with high PTPmu live for 48 months on average, whereas PTPmu low patients live only 22 months. PTPmu high staining indicates a doubling of patient survival. Use of the agent to detect the PTPmu biomarker would allow differentiation of glioma patients with distinct survival outcomes and would complement current molecular approaches used in glioma prognosis.

Mainstreaming Human Rights across WHO

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekah Thomas ◽  
Veronica Magar
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Public Health Staff ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Core Part

This chapter describes the efforts undertaken since 2013 to mainstream gender, equity, and human rights into the programs, policies, and practices of the World Health Organization (WHO). With a largely medical and public health staff, for whom the language of rights remains unfamiliar, and an organization focused on providing technical and normative support, WHO is thought to be ill-equipped to make human rights a core part of its activities. However, there are signs that this is changing. Starting with the adoption of an integrated approach to gender, equity, and human rights in 2012, this chapter explores how these cross-cutting values are being mainstreamed into the Organization, and also how norms and principles of human rights and the core attributes of a right to health are finding resonance across a wide range of health programs.

As(III) Removal by Dynamic Adsorption onto Amberlite XAD7 Functionalized with Crown Ether and Doped with Fe(III) Ions

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 2330-2334
Author(s):  
Mihaela Ciopec ◽  
Adina Negrea ◽  
Narcis Duteanu ◽  
Corneliu Mircea Davidescu ◽  
Iosif Hulka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
World Health ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Arsenic Adsorption ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health Organization

Arsenic content in groundwater�s present a wide range of concentration, ranging from hundreds of micrograms to thousands of micrograms of arsenic per litter, while the maximum permitted arsenic concentration established by World Health Organization (WHO) is 10 mg L-1. According to the WHO all people, regardless of their stage of development and their social economic condition, have the right to have access to adequate drinking water. The most efficient and economic technique used for arsenic removal is represented by adsorption. In order to make this remediation technique more affordable and environmentally friendly is important to new materials with advance adsorbent properties. Novelty of present paper is represented by the usage of a new adsorbent material obtained by physical - chemical modification of Amberlite XAD polymers using crown ethers followed by iron doping, due to well-known affinity of arsenic for iron ions. Present paper aims to test the obtained modified Amberlite polymer for arsenic removal from real groundwater by using adsorption in a fixed bed column, establishing in this way a mechanism for the adsorption process. During experimental work was studied the influence of competing ions from real water into the arsenic adsorption process.

scholarly journals The Search for Natural and Synthetic Inhibitors That Would Complement Antivenoms as Therapeutics for Snakebite Envenoming

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
José María Gutiérrez ◽  
Laura-Oana Albulescu ◽  
Rachel H. Clare ◽  
Nicholas R. Casewell ◽  
Tarek Mohamed Abd Abd El-Aziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Snake Venom ◽  
Serine Proteinase ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Variable Chemical ◽  
Snake Venom Metalloproteinase ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

A global strategy, under the coordination of the World Health Organization, is being unfolded to reduce the impact of snakebite envenoming. One of the pillars of this strategy is to ensure safe and effective treatments. The mainstay in the therapy of snakebite envenoming is the administration of animal-derived antivenoms. In addition, new therapeutic options are being explored, including recombinant antibodies and natural and synthetic toxin inhibitors. In this review, snake venom toxins are classified in terms of their abundance and toxicity, and priority actions are being proposed in the search for snake venom metalloproteinase (SVMP), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), three-finger toxin (3FTx), and serine proteinase (SVSP) inhibitors. Natural inhibitors include compounds isolated from plants, animal sera, and mast cells, whereas synthetic inhibitors comprise a wide range of molecules of a variable chemical nature. Some of the most promising inhibitors, especially SVMP and PLA2 inhibitors, have been developed for other diseases and are being repurposed for snakebite envenoming. In addition, the search for drugs aimed at controlling endogenous processes generated in the course of envenoming is being pursued. The present review summarizes some of the most promising developments in this field and discusses issues that need to be considered for the effective translation of this knowledge to improve therapies for tackling snakebite envenoming.

scholarly journals Bleeding risks are higher in children versus adults given prophylactic platelet transfusions for treatment-induced hypoproliferative thrombocytopenia

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 748-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra D. Josephson ◽  
Suzanne Granger ◽  
Susan F. Assmann ◽  
Marta-Inés Castillejo ◽  
Ronald G. Strauss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Treatment Category ◽  
Dose Trial ◽  
Health Organization

Age-group analyses were conducted of patients in the prophylactic platelet dose trial (PLADO), which evaluated the relation between platelet dose per transfusion and bleeding. Hospitalized patients with treatment-induced hypoproliferative thrombocytopenia were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 platelet doses: 1.1 × 1011, 2.2 × 1011, or 4.4 × 1011 platelets/m2 per transfusion, given for morning counts of ≤ 10 000 platelets/μL. Daily hemostatic assessments were performed. The primary end point (percentage of patients who developed grade 2 or higher World Health Organization bleeding) was evaluated in 198 children (0-18 years) and 1044 adults. Although platelet dose did not predict bleeding for any age group, children overall had a significantly higher risk of grade 2 or higher bleeding than adults (86%, 88%, 77% vs 67% of patients aged 0-5 years, 6-12 years, 13-18 years, vs adults, respectively) and more days with grade 2 or higher bleeding (median, 3 days in each pediatric group vs 1 day in adults; P < .001). The effect of age on bleeding differed by disease treatment category and was most pronounced among autologous transplant recipients. Pediatric subjects were at higher risk of bleeding over a wide range of platelet counts, indicating that their excess bleeding risk may be because of factors other than platelet counts. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00128713.

scholarly journals An Innovative Approach to Designing Digital Health Solutions Addressing the Unmet Needs of Obese Patients in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 579
Author(s):  
Roberta Patalano ◽  
Vincenzo De Luca ◽  
Jess Vogt ◽  
Strahil Birov ◽  
Lucia Giovannelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
World Health ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Organization

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the worldwide obesity rate has tripled since 1975. In Europe, more than half of the population is overweight and obese. Around 2.8 million people die each year worldwide as a result of conditions linked to being overweight or obese. This study aimed to analyze the policies, approaches, and solutions that address the social and health unmet needs of obese patients, at different levels, in order to simulate the definition of an integrated approach, and to provide and share examples of innovative solutions supporting health promotion, disease prevention, and integration of services to improve the collaboration between the different health and care stakeholders involved across the country and in the lives of obese patients. A collaborative approach involving various levels of government and regional experts from different European countries was applied to identify, explore, and evaluate different aspects of the topic, from the innovation perspective and focusing on a European and a regional vision. Currently, people prefer more foods rich in fats, sugars, and salt/sodium than fruits, vegetables, and fiber. This behavior leads to a significant negative impact on their health-related quality of life. Changes in healthcare systems, healthy policy, and approaches to patient care and better implementation of the different prevention strategies between all the stakeholders are needed, taking advantage of the digital transformation of health and care. Such changes can support obese patients in their fight against an unhealthy lifestyle and at the same time reduce healthcare costs.

scholarly journals Presenting Psychiatric and Neurological Symptoms and Signs of Brain Tumors before Diagnosis: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Fatima Ghandour ◽  
Alessio Squassina ◽  
Racha Karaky ◽  
Mona Diab-Assaf ◽  
Paola Fadda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
World Health ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Brain Tumor Diagnosis ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Brain tumors can present with various psychiatric symptoms, with or without neurological symptoms, an aspect that complicates the clinical picture. However, no systematic description of symptoms that should prompt a neurological investigation has been provided. This review aims to summarize available case reports describing patients with brain tumors showing psychiatric symptoms before brain tumor diagnosis, in order to provide a comprehensive description of these symptoms as well as their potential relationship with delay in the diagnosis. A systematic literature review on case reports of brain tumors and psychiatric symptoms from 1970 to 2020 was conducted on PubMed, Ovid, Psych Info, and MEDLINE. Exclusion criteria comprised tumors not included in the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification 4th edition and cases in which psychiatric symptoms were absent or followed the diagnosis. A total of 165 case reports were analyzed. In a subset of patients with brain tumors, psychiatric symptoms can be the only manifestation or precede focal neurological signs by months or even years. The appearance of focal or generalized neurological symptoms after, rather than along with, psychiatric symptoms was associated with a significant delay in the diagnosis in adults. A timely assessment of psychiatric symptoms might help to improve early diagnosis of brain tumors.

The impact of SARS-Cov-2 on the Nervous system and Mental Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Said Boulkrane ◽  
Victoria Ilina ◽  
Roman Melchakov ◽  
Mikhail Arisov ◽  
Julia Fedotova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Illness

: The World Health Organization declared the pandemic situation caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) in March 2020, but the detailed pathophysiological mechanisms of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are not yet completely understood. Therefore, to date, few therapeutic options are available for patients with mild-moderate or serious disease. In addition to systemic and respiratory symptoms, several reports have documented various neurological symptoms and impairments of mental health. The current review aims to provide the available evidence about the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on mental health. The present data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 produces a wide range of impairments and disorders of the brain. However, a limited number of studies investigated the neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2. Although the main features and outcomes of COVID-19 are linked to severe acute respiratory illness. The possible damages on the brain should be considered, too.

EPID-17. COMPARATIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PRIMARY BRAIN TUMORS AMONG ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS (AYA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi89-vi89
Author(s):  
Nayan Lamba ◽  
Bryan Iorgulescu
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Diffuse Glioma ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Primary Brain Tumors ◽  
Diffuse Gliomas ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract INTRODUCTION We utilized national registry data to evaluate the unique epidemiology of primary adolescent and young adult (AYA) brain tumors according to the WHO2016 classification. METHODS AYA patients (15≤age≤39) presenting between 2004-2017 with a brain tumor were identified by ICD-O-3 coding from the National Cancer Database (comprising &gt;70% of newly-diagnosed cancers in the U.S.), and compared to pediatric and adult populations. Epidemiology and overall survival (estimated by Kaplan-Meier techniques and multivariable Cox regression) were assessed by WHO2016 tumor type. RESULTS 108,705 AYA brain tumor patients were identified (56.9% female), compared to 23,928 pediatric (46.8% female) and 748,272 adult (55.6% female) patients. Among the 69.4% of AYA brain tumors with pathological diagnosis, diffuse gliomas (31.4%), sellar tumors (19.2%), and meningiomas (15.3%) predominated in both sexes. Diffuse glioma (31.4%), sellar (19.2%), cranial nerve (7.3%), and mesenchymal non-meningothelial (4.1%) tumors represented a greater proportion of AYA brain tumors than in either pediatric or adult populations. A majority of all intracranial GCTs (59.2%) and neuronal & mixed neuronal-glial tumors (51.6%) presented during AYA. Although the prevalence of diffuse gliomas was similar between AYAs and adults, AYA gliomas were more likely to be grade 2-3 astrocytomas (38.9% vs 14.3%) and oligodendrogliomas (19.3% vs 4.3%) than in adults. GBMs represented 76.0% of adult diffuse gliomas vs. only 25.7% of AYA diffuse gliomas, but with a similar prevalence of MGMT promoter methylation (40.8% vs 38.4%). Notably, 50.7% of AYA PCNSLs were associated with HIV/AIDS, vs only 7.1% in adults (p&lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The distribution, epidemiology, and survival outcomes of primary brain tumors in the AYA population are distinct from their pediatric and adult counterparts. Notably, AYA infiltrative gliomas were more often of lower grade than adults and AYA PCNSL were far more likely to be associated with HIV/AIDS. Primary brain tumors in AYA patients require specialized management.

scholarly journals Genetic Abnormalities, Clonal Evolution, and Cancer Stem Cells of Brain Tumors

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugo Testa ◽  
Germana Castelli ◽  
Elvira Pelosi
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Clonal Evolution ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Driver Mutations ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Genetic Profiling ◽  
Health Organization

Brain tumors are highly heterogeneous and have been classified by the World Health Organization in various histological and molecular subtypes. Gliomas have been classified as ranging from low-grade astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas to high-grade astrocytomas or glioblastomas. These tumors are characterized by a peculiar pattern of genetic alterations. Pediatric high-grade gliomas are histologically indistinguishable from adult glioblastomas, but they are considered distinct from adult glioblastomas because they possess a different spectrum of driver mutations (genes encoding histones H3.3 and H3.1). Medulloblastomas, the most frequent pediatric brain tumors, are considered to be of embryonic derivation and are currently subdivided into distinct subgroups depending on histological features and genetic profiling. There is emerging evidence that brain tumors are maintained by a special neural or glial stem cell-like population that self-renews and gives rise to differentiated progeny. In many instances, the prognosis of the majority of brain tumors remains negative and there is hope that the new acquisition of information on the molecular and cellular bases of these tumors will be translated in the development of new, more active treatments.

scholarly journals The WHO European health for all database

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Health Statistics ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
International Context ◽  
Health Trends ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
European Health ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Health Situation

The European health for all database provides easy and rapid access to a wide range of basic health statistics (indicators) for the 51 Member States of the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region. It was developed by the WHO Regional Office for Europe in the mid 1980s to support the monitoring of health trends in the Region. The database is a helpful tool for international comparison and for assessing the health situation and trends in any European country in an international context.

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