scholarly journals Evaluation of Vascular Endothelial Function in Young and Middle-Aged Women with Respect to a History of Pregnancy, Pregnancy-Related Complications, Classical Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Epigenetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Hromadnikova ◽  
Katerina Kotlabova ◽  
Lenka Dvorakova ◽  
Ladislav Krofta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Function ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

The aim of the study was to examine the effect of previous pregnancies and classical cardiovascular risk factors on vascular endothelial function in a group of 264 young and middle-aged women 3 to 11 years postpartum. We examined microvascular functions by peripheral arterial tonometry and EndoPAT 2000 device with respect to a history of gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, the severity of the disease with regard to the degree of clinical signs and delivery date. Besides, we compared Reactive Hyperemia Index (RHI) values and the prevalence of vascular endothelial dysfunction among the groups of women with normal and abnormal values of BMI, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heart rate, total serum cholesterol levels, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, serum triglycerides levels, serum lipoprotein A levels, serum C-reactive protein levels, serum uric acid levels, and plasma homocysteine levels. Furthermore, we determined the effect of total number of pregnancies and total parity per woman, infertility and blood pressure treatment, presence of trombophilic gene mutations, current smoking of cigarettes, and current hormonal contraceptive use on the vascular endothelial function. We also examined the association between the vascular endothelial function and postpartum whole peripheral blood expression of microRNAs involved in pathogenesis of cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases (miR-1-3p, miR-16-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-20b-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-92a-3p, miR-100-5p, miR-103a-3p, miR-125b-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-130b-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-143-3p, miR-145-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-199a-5p, miR-210-3p, miR-221-3p, miR-342-3p, miR-499a-5p, and miR-574-3p). A proportion of overweight women (17.94% and 20.59%) and women with central obesity (18.64% and 21.19%) had significantly lower RHI values at 10.0% false positive rate (FPR) both before and after adjustment of the data for the age of patients. At 10.0% FPR, a proportion of women with vascular endothelial dysfunction (RHI ≤ 1.67) was identified to have up-regulated expression profile of miR-1-3p (11.76%), miR-23a-3p (17.65%), and miR-499a-5p (18.82%) in whole peripheral blood. RHI values also negatively correlated with expression of miR-1-3p, miR-23a-3p, and miR-499a-5p in whole peripheral blood. Otherwise, no significant impact of other studied factors on vascular endothelial function was found. We suppose that screening of these particular microRNAs associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction may help to stratify a highly risky group of young and middle-aged women that would benefit from early implementation of primary prevention strategies. Nevertheless, it is obvious, that vascular endothelial dysfunction is just one out of multiple cardiovascular risk factors which has only a partial impact on abnormal expression of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease associated microRNAs in whole peripheral blood of young and middle-aged women.

scholarly journals Correlation between vascular endothelial function parameters with indicators of suboptimal health status and the factors of cardiovascular risk

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
E. Yu Marutina ◽  
V. I Kupaev ◽  
P. A Lebedev ◽  
O. Yu Borisov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Function ◽  
Work Activity ◽  
Suboptimal Health Status ◽  
Suboptimal Health

The problem of prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases continues to be relevant. It is a promising non-invasive integration of new screening methods to assess the patient's health system. The goal was to establish the relationship of vascular endothelial function parameters with indicators of suboptimal health status and the factors of cardiovascular risk. Materials and methods. A total of 327 residents of Samara, who had no history of disease and did not receive treatment in the last 3 months. We used a questionnaire diagnostic screening suboptimal health status SHSQ-25, the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, endothelin-1, human blood index of endothelial function was determined by computer photopletismography. Results and discussion. Suboptimal health status is associated with the prevalence and severity of cardiovascular risk factors, smoking, overweight, total cholesterol, glucose, blood endothelin, vascular endothelium reactivity, indicating that their dominant influence on the quality of life in a population of healthy individuals. Vascular reactivity non-invasively evaluated in terms of endothelial function in the sample with ischaemia of the upper limb by computer photopletismography reflects systemic vascular endothelial function as a negative associated with endothelin blood and the main factors of cardiovascular risk: age, male gender, body mass index, the nature of work activity, blood pressure value.

scholarly journals Endothelial cell senescence with aging in healthy humans: prevention by habitual exercise and relation to vascular endothelial function

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (5) ◽  
pp. H890-H895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Rossman ◽  
Rachelle E. Kaplon ◽  
Sierra D. Hill ◽  
Molly N. McNamara ◽  
Jessica R. Santos-Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Cell Senescence ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Function ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Habitual Exercise

Cellular senescence is emerging as a key mechanism of age-related vascular endothelial dysfunction, but evidence in healthy humans is lacking. Moreover, the influence of lifestyle factors such as habitual exercise on endothelial cell (EC) senescence is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that EC senescence increases with sedentary, but not physically active, aging and is associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction. Protein expression (quantitative immunofluorescence) of p53, a transcription factor related to increased cellular senescence, and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p16 were 116%, 119%, and 128% greater (all P < 0.05), respectively, in ECs obtained from antecubital veins of older sedentary (60 ± 1 yr, n = 12) versus young sedentary (22 ± 1 yr, n = 9) adults. These age-related differences were not present (all P > 0.05) in venous ECs from older exercising adults (57 ± 1 yr, n = 13). Furthermore, venous EC protein levels of p53 ( r = −0.49, P = 0.003), p21 ( r = −0.38, P = 0.03), and p16 ( r = −0.58, P = 0.002) were inversely associated with vascular endothelial function (brachial artery flow-mediated dilation). Similarly, protein expression of p53 and p21 was 26% and 23% higher (both P < 0.05), respectively, in ECs sampled from brachial arteries of healthy older sedentary (63 ± 1 yr, n = 18) versus young sedentary (25 ± 1 yr, n = 9) adults; age-related changes in arterial EC p53 and p21 expression were not observed ( P > 0.05) in older habitually exercising adults (59 ± 1 yr, n = 14). These data indicate that EC senescence is associated with sedentary aging and is linked to endothelial dysfunction. Moreover, these data suggest that prevention of EC senescence may be one mechanism by which aerobic exercise protects against endothelial dysfunction with age. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study provides novel evidence in humans of increased endothelial cell senescence with sedentary aging, which is associated with impaired vascular endothelial function. Furthermore, our data suggest an absence of age-related increases in endothelial cell senescence in older exercising adults, which is linked with preserved vascular endothelial function. Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at http://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/aging-exercise-and-endothelial-cell-senescence/ .

Abstract 080: mTORC1 as a Novel Regulator of Vascular Endothelial Function in Obese Mice and Humans

Hypertension ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John J Reho ◽  
Deng-Fu Guo ◽  
Andrew Olson ◽  
Lauren Wegman-Points ◽  
Isaac Samuel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Function ◽  
S6 Kinase ◽  
Mtorc1 Signaling

Obesity-induced hypertension is associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction. Recently, our laboratory has demonstrated a critical role of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway in cardiovascular regulation. Here, we tested the hypothesis that dysregulation of mTORC1 signaling is involved in the endothelial dysfunction associated with obesity in mice and humans. We found that diet-induced obese (DIO) mice that display vascular endothelial dysfunction as compared to lean controls have increased mTORC1 signaling in aortic lysates indicated by the elevated (p<0.05) phosphorylated levels of mTOR and its downstream signaling targets S6-kinase and the ribosomal S6 protein measured by Western blot. Increased vascular mTORC1 signaling in DIO mice was associated with increased aortic NOX2 mRNA expression (2.0±0.2 vs. 1.0±0.3AU in lean controls; p<0.05). Isolated abdominal subcutaneous adipose arterioles from non-diabetic obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 ; n=4; age 51±6 yrs; BMI 54±3 kg/m 2 ) humans exhibited a strong trend towards increased phosphorylated S6 protein compared to normal-weight (BMI <30kg/m 2 ; n=3; age 44±15 yrs; BMI 26±1 kg/m 2 ) individuals (5.0±1.9 vs 0.8±0.4AU; p=0.12), suggesting increased vascular mTORC1 signaling in human obesity. Next, we used an adenoviral construct of a constitutively active (CA) S6-kinase (Ad-CAS6K) to enhance mTORC1 signaling. In mouse endothelial cells, Ad-CAS6K increased mRNA expression of oxidative stress (NOX1and NOX2) and inflammatory markers (IL-1β) and decreased endothelial NOS expression (p<0.05). Transfection of aortic rings with the Ad-CAS6K resulted in impairment in acetylcholine-induced relaxation (Max. relaxation: 67± 5 vs. 81 ±3%; p<0.05) without altering the relaxation evoked by sodium nitroprusside (Max. relaxation: 90±1% vs. 90±2%) recapitulating the vascular phenotype in obese mice. Taken together, our data demonstrate a novel role of the mTORC1 signaling pathway in the regulation of vascular endothelial function. Our data also implicate dysregulation of the endothelial mTORC1 signaling pathway in the endothelial dysfunction associated with obesity.

Abstract 041: Elevated Circulating Copeptin in Mid-Gestation is Associated with Increased Aortic Stiffness and Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Pregnant Women at High Risk for Preeclampsia

Hypertension ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L Pierce ◽  
Donna A Santillan ◽  
Diedre Fleener ◽  
Sabrina M Scroggins ◽  
Kimberlly K Leslie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Aortic Stiffness ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Function

Circulating copeptin, a stable biomarker of vasopressin (AVP) secretion, is elevated throughout pregnancy in women who develop preeclampsia (PreE) and is a strong predictor of PreE as early as the 6th week gestation. Reduced vascular endothelial function and increased aortic stiffness occur in mid-gestation before clinical signs/symptoms of PreE manifest, suggesting that maternal vascular dysfunction may be an early event in the pathogenesis of PreE. However, it is unknown whether elevated copeptin/AVP in early/mid gestation contributes to vascular dysfunction in pregnant women who subsequently develop PreE. Therefore, we hypothesized that elevated copeptin would be associated with increased aortic stiffness and reduced vascular endothelial function in early/mid gestation of pregnant women at high risk for PreE. Pregnant women in the 1st trimester (n=72; age=30 ±1 yrs; BMI=34 ± 1 kg/m2) with at least 1 risk factor for PreE were enrolled. Aortic stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, CFPWV), vascular endothelial function (brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, FMD), blood pressure (BP) and plasma copeptin (ELISA) were assessed in both the 1st (11.7 ± 0.2 wks) and 2nd (18.8 ± 0.4 wks) trimesters. In the 1st trimester, CFPWV (7.3 ± 0.2 vs. 7.3 ± 0.5 m/sec, P=0.86), brachial artery FMD (12.9 ± 1.1 vs. 14.3 ± 2.0%, P=0.53), BP, BMI and age did not differ between women in the highest (1513 ± 221 pg/ml) vs. lowest (279 ± 12 pg/ml) quartile of copeptin (P<0.01). In contrast, 2nd trimester CFPWV was greater (7.2 ± 0.2 vs. 6.4 ± 0.2 m/sec, P<0.05) and brachial artery FMD was lower (10.2 ± 2.8 vs. 16.5 ± 1.3 %, P<0.05) among women in the highest (1714 ± 481 pg/ml) vs. the lowest (249 ± 13 pg/ml) quartile of copeptin (P<0.01), in the absence of differences in BP, BMI or age. For the entire cohort, (log)copeptin was significantly correlated with CFPWV (r=0.23, P=0.04) and tended to correlate with FMD (r=-0.23, P=0.06) in the 2nd but not in the 1st trimester. These data suggest that elevated copeptin in mid-gestation is associated with aortic stiffness and vascular endothelial dysfunction in pregnant women at high risk for PreE, but whether increased copeptin/AVP causes vascular dysfunction in pregnancies destined for PreE requires further studies using animal models.

scholarly journals Endothelial Dysfunction in Cystic Fibrosis: Role of Oxidative Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Tucker ◽  
Brandon M. Fox ◽  
Nichole Seigler ◽  
Paula Rodriguez-Miguelez ◽  
Jacob Looney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxide ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Function ◽  
Artery Flow

Oxidative stress and vascular endothelial dysfunction are established characteristics of cystic fibrosis (CF). Oxidative stress may contribute to vascular dysfunction via inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Purpose. To determine if ingestion of a single antioxidant cocktail (AOC) improves vascular endothelial function in patients with CF. Methods. In 18 patients with CF (age 8-39 y), brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was assessed using a Doppler ultrasound prior to and two hours following either an AOC (n=18; 1,000 mg vitamin C, 600 IU vitamin E, and 600 mg α-lipoic acid) or a placebo (n=9). In a subgroup of patients (n=9), changes in serum concentrations of α-tocopherol and lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) were assessed following AOC and placebo. Results. A significant (p=0.032) increase in FMD was observed following AOC (Δ1.9±3.3%), compared to no change following placebo (Δ−0.8±1.9%). Moreover, compared with placebo, AOC prevented the decrease in α-tocopherol (Δ0.48±2.91 vs. −1.98±2.32 μM, p=0.024) and tended to decrease LOOH (Δ−0.2±0.1 vs. 0.1±0.1 μM, p=0.063). Conclusions. These data demonstrate that ingestion of an antioxidant cocktail can improve vascular endothelial function and improve oxidative stress in patients with CF, providing evidence that oxidative stress is a key contributor to vascular endothelial dysfunction in CF.

scholarly journals GLP-1 Agonists Liraglutide Improved Vascular Endothelial Function in Type 2 Diabetes Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
Li X ◽  
Wu W ◽  
Wang Y ◽  
Zhang X ◽  
Feng X ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Function

Objective: Liraglutide (LIRA), a Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, showed potential vascular protective effects with the mechanism remained incompletely understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether LIRA exerts its effect on vascular endothelial function in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) via caveolin-1/ endothelial oxide synthase (eNOS) expression. Methods: T2DM rats were used as study subjects and randomly divided into four groups: 1) Veh group, 2) Veh+LIRA group, 3) T2DM group, and 4) T2DM+LIRA group. All rats received either saline or LIRA 0.2 mg/kg (by i.p. injection) per day for 4 weeks. After the model was successfully established, vascular endothelial function was determined the effect of vasodilator to mesenteric artery rings. Immunofluorescence and western blot were performed to understand the molecular mechanism. Cultured HUVECs with small interfering RNA (siRNA) under high glucose (HG), NO concentration, and western blot were performed to understand the molecular mechanism between LIRA and vascular endothelial function. Results: Based on our results, the LIRA reduced hyperglycemia and ameliorated vascular endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic mice. LIRA activated eNOS phosphorylation, suppressing oxidative stress and enhancing endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation of mesenteric arteries. Besides, from its anti-oxidative capacity, LIRA activated eNOS to dilate the mesenteric arteries via the downregulation of Cav-1. Conclusion: LIRA ameliorates vascular endothelial dysfunction in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus via anti-oxidative and activated eNOS by downregulated Cav-1.

scholarly journals Association of Impaired Vascular Endothelial Function with Increased Cardiovascular Risk in Asymptomatic Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuan Zhong ◽  
Qingjiao Nong ◽  
Baoyu Mao ◽  
Xue Pan ◽  
Liuren Meng
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Prevention ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Function ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional

Impaired vascular endothelial function has attracted attention as a prognostic indicator of cardiovascular prevention. The association between impaired endothelial function and cardiovascular risk in the asymptomatic population, however, has been poorly explored. We evaluated the association of brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) with Framingham-estimated 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in subjects free of CVD, especially by cardiovascular risk profiles. In total, 680 adults aged 30-74 years were enrolled from Rongan and Rongshui of Liuzhou, Guangxi, China, through a cross-sectional study in 2015. In the full-adjusted model, the odds ratio for the estimated 10-year CVD risk comparing the low FMD (<6%) with the high FMD (≥10%) was 2.81 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21, 6.53;Pfor trend = 0.03). In subgroup analyses, inverse associations between FMD and the estimated 10-year CVD risk were found in participants with specific characteristics. The adjusted odds ratios, comparing the 25th and the 75th percentiles of FMD, were 2.77 (95% CI: 1.54, 5.00) for aged ≥60 years, 1.77 (95% CI: 1.16, 2.70) for female, 1.59 (95% CI: 1.08, 2.35) for nonsmokers, 1.74 (95% CI: 1.02, 2.97) for hypertension, 1.59 (95% CI: 1.04, 2.44) for normal glycaemia, 2.03 (95% CI: 1.19, 3.48) for C-reactive protein ≥10 mg/L, and 1.85 (95% CI: 1.12, 3.06) for eGFR <106 mL/minute per 1.73 m2. Therefore, impaired endothelial function is associated with increased CVD risk in asymptomatic adults. This inverse association is more likely to exist in subjects with higher cardiovascular risk.

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