scholarly journals Effects of Environmental Conditions on Nephron Number: Modeling Maternal Disease and Epigenetic Regulation in Renal Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4157
Author(s):  
Lars Fuhrmann ◽  
Saskia Lindner ◽  
Alexander-Thomas Hauser ◽  
Clemens Höse ◽  
Oliver Kretz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Renal Development ◽  
Organ Cultures ◽  
Renal Growth ◽  
Epigenetic Modifiers ◽  
Metabolic Conditions ◽  
Renal Size ◽  
Maternal Disease

A growing body of evidence suggests that low nephron numbers at birth can increase the risk of chronic kidney disease or hypertension later in life. Environmental stressors, such as maternal malnutrition, medication and smoking, can influence renal size at birth. Using metanephric organ cultures to model single-variable environmental conditions, models of maternal disease were evaluated for patterns of developmental impairment. While hyperthermia had limited effects on renal development, fetal iron deficiency was associated with severe impairment of renal growth and nephrogenesis with an all-proximal phenotype. Culturing kidney explants under high glucose conditions led to cellular and transcriptomic changes resembling human diabetic nephropathy. Short-term high glucose culture conditions were sufficient for long-term alterations in DNA methylation-associated epigenetic memory. Finally, the role of epigenetic modifiers in renal development was tested using a small compound library. Among the selected epigenetic inhibitors, various compounds elicited an effect on renal growth, such as HDAC (entinostat, TH39), histone demethylase (deferasirox, deferoxamine) and histone methyltransferase (cyproheptadine) inhibitors. Thus, metanephric organ cultures provide a valuable system for studying metabolic conditions and a tool for screening for epigenetic modifiers in renal development.

Scanning Microscopy of Human Intestinal Explants in Organ Culture

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 396-397
Author(s):  
Bruce Wetzel ◽  
Robert Buscho ◽  
Raphael Dolin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Enteric Disease ◽  
Organ Cultures ◽  
Growth Of A Variety ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Fetal Intestine ◽  
Scanning Electron

It has been reported that explants of human fetal intestine can be maintained in culture for up to 21 days in a viable condition and that these organ cultures support the growth of a variety of known viral agents responsible for enteric disease. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been undertaken on several series of these explants to determine their appearance under routine culture conditions.Fresh specimens of jejunum obtained from normal human fetuses were washed, dissected into l-4mm pieces, and cultured in modified Leibowitz L-15 medium at 34° C as previously described. Serial specimens were fixed each day in 3% glutaraldehyde for 90 minutes at room temperature, rinsed, dehydrated, and dried by the CO2 critical point method in a Denton DCP-1 device. Specimens were attached to aluminum stubs with 3M transfer tape No. 465, and one sample on each stub was carefully rolled along the adhesive such that villi were broken off to expose their interiors.

Effects of culture conditions on the synthesis of human chorionic gonadotropin by placental organ cultures

In Vitro ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 497-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel I. Huot ◽  
Jean-Michel Foidart ◽  
Kurt Stromberg
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Organ Cultures

scholarly journals The Growth Advantage in Stationary-Phase PhenotypeConferred by rpoS Mutations Is Dependent on the pH andNutrientEnvironment

2003 ◽  
Vol 185 (24) ◽  
pp. 7044-7052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Farrell ◽  
Steven E. Finkel
Keyword(s):  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Batch Culture ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Luria Bertani ◽  
Relative Fitness ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Fitness Advantage ◽  
Casamino Acids

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli cells that are aged in batch culture display an increased fitness referred to as the growth advantage in stationary phase, or GASP, phenotype. A common early adaptation to this culture environment is a mutant rpoS allele, such as rpoS819, that results in attenuated RpoS activity. However, it is important to note that during long-term batch culture, environmental conditions are in flux. To date, most studies of the GASP phenotype have focused on identifying alleles that render an advantage in a specific environment, Luria-Bertani broth (LB) batch culture. To determine what role environmental conditions play in rendering relative fitness advantages to E. coli cells carrying either the wild-type or rpoS819 alleles, we performed competitions under a variety of culture conditions in which either the available nutrients, the pH, or both were manipulated. In LB medium, we found that while the rpoS819 allele confers a strong competitive fitness advantage at basic pH, it confers a reduced advantage under neutral conditions, and it is disadvantageous under acidic conditions. Similar results were found using other media. rpoS819 conferred its greatest advantage in basic minimal medium in which either glucose or Casamino Acids were the sole source of carbon and energy. In acidic medium supplemented with either Casamino Acids or glucose, the wild-type allele conferred a slight advantage. In addition, populations were dynamic under all pH conditions tested, with neither the wild-type nor mutant rpoS alleles sweeping a culture. We also found that the strength of the fitness advantage gained during a 10-day incubation is pH dependent.

OPTIMUM CULTURE CONDITIONS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PROLACTIN FROM RAT ANTERIOR PITUITARY ORGAN CULTURES

1970 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 466-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R. Gala
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Organ Cultures ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACT Factors influencing prolactin production and anterior pituitary (AP) tissue survival in vitro were investigated. Media 199, NCTC-109, MB752/1 and Trowells-T8 were compared for their ability to support the rat AP in vitro and found to be similar, although Trowells-T8 appeared to be less well suited for this tissue. Culturing AP in Hanks balanced salt solution (BSS) resulted in a lower prolactin production and tissue survival than in Medium 199; nevertheless, there was a tenfold net synthesis of prolactin. Streptomycin and penicillin at a level of 200 units each/ml and nystatin at a level of 50 units/ml were found to control the growth of microorganisms without any deleterious effects on the AP. Amphotercine B at a level of 25 μg/ml, on the other hand, was incompatible with AP tissue survival and function. When pituitary fragments weighed 2.8 mg or more, prolactin production and tissue survival were decreased relative to AP fragments which weighed 1.2 mg or less. Culture of pituitary tissue completely submerged in medium was not compatible with optimum hormone production or AP survival. Pituitary pieces supported by stainless steel platforms with filter paper wicks resulted in better tissue survival and significantly greater prolactin production that when cultured under similar conditions but without a wick.

scholarly journals OGG1 Involvement in High Glucose-Mediated Enhancement of Bupivacaine-Induced Oxidative DNA Damage in SH-SY5Y Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong-Jie Liu ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Qing-Guo Zhang ◽  
Le Li ◽  
Lu-Ying Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Functional Expression ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Control Culture ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Dna Oxidative Damage ◽  
Repair Enzymes ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Hyperglycemia can inhibit expression of the 8-oxoG-DNA glycosylase (OGG1) which is one of the key repair enzymes for DNA oxidative damage. The effect of hyperglycemia on OGG1 expression in response to local anesthetics-induced DNA damage is unknown. This study was designed to determine whether high glucose inhibits OGG1 expression and aggravates bupivacaine-induced DNA damage via reactive oxygen species (ROS). SH-SY5Y cells were cultured with or without 50 mM glucose for 8 days before they were treated with 1.5 mM bupivacaine for 24 h. OGG1 expression was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. ROS was estimated using the redox-sensitive fluorescent dye DCFH-DA. DNA damage was investigated with immunostaining for 8-oxodG and comet assays. OGG1 expression was inhibited in cells exposed to high glucose with concomitant increase in ROS production and more severe DNA damage as compared to control culture conditions, and these changes were further exacerbated by bupivacaine. Treatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) prevented high glucose and bupivacaine mediated increase in ROS production and restored functional expression of OGG1, which lead to attenuated high glucose-mediated exacerbation of bupivacaine neurotoxicity. Our findings indicate that subjects with diabetes may experience more detrimental effects following bupivacaine use.

Renoprival Growth following Treatment of Unilateral Wilms' Tumour

1984 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Eklöf ◽  
I. Lax ◽  
G. Lundell ◽  
H. Ringertz ◽  
I. Wikstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Wilms Tumour ◽  
Renal Growth ◽  
Renal Size

The renal growth pattern following uninephrectomy for Wilms' tumour was analysed in 18 boys and 18 girls by means of a comparison between renal parenchymal and body surface area. No straightforward correlation was noted between age at nephrectomy, chemo- and radiation therapy applied, and subsequent renoprival dimensions. Five years on average after operation, a mean renal size corresponding to approximately 125 per cent of the normal for one of two healthy kidneys was recorded. However, wide variations in size were observed, but only 10 patients had a compensatory growth of the remaining kidney equivalent to that seen in patients nephrectomized for unilateral, non-malignant renal disease.

TGF-β in Renal Development and Renal Growth

1998 ◽  
Vol 24 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 144-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Basile ◽  
Marc R. Hammerman
Keyword(s):  
Renal Development ◽  
Renal Growth

scholarly journals Neurotrophic Activity of the CarrageenophyteKappaphycus alvareziiCultivated at Different Depths and for Different Growth Periods in Various Areas of Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Tirtawijaya ◽  
Maria Dyah Nur Meinita ◽  
Bintang Marhaeni ◽  
Md. Nazmul Haque ◽  
Il Soo Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Eucheuma Denticulatum ◽  
Neurotrophic Activity ◽  
Primary Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Different Depths

The carrageenophyteKappaphycus alvarezii(Rhodophyta) has neurotrophic activity in primary hippocampal neurons. This seaweed is abundant and easily cultivated in tropical coastal areas. To determine the best growth conditions for neurotrophic activity, thalli were grown at different depths and for different periods in various areas of Indonesia. Neurotrophic activity was measured based on the number of primary neurites, the total length of the primary neurites, and the length of the longest neurite.K.alvareziihad higher neurotrophic activity than carrageenophytesK.striatumandEucheuma denticulatumcultured under the same conditions.K.alvareziigrown at the surface for 45 days had higher (1.4- to 1.8-fold) neurotrophic activity than thalli grown at depth (2 m) or harvested sooner (15 days) (P< 0.05). Relatively high activities were detected in thalli cultured at Ternate and Garut, Indonesia. Therefore, from a commercial perspective, the culture conditions at the surface for 45 days were optimal for the production of both neurotrophic compounds and carrageenan.K.alvareziiproduced neurotrophic compounds under various environmental conditions, although some conditions were optimal.

The importance of environmental factors in soil fertility assessments. I. Dry matter production

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Stefanson ◽  
N Collis-George
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Growth Changes ◽  
Yield Responses

The importance of environmental factors on assessments of soil fertility was examined by means of pot experiments in the glasshouse. A preliminary experiment showed, over the course of 12 months of testing, that the fertility ratio varied with the season. In the main experiment each of two soils received nine chemical treatments in an omission-type experimental design. All chemical treatments were subjected to three different light regimes obtained by shading and to three soil temperatures. They were repeated at three different seasons of the year. Plants growing under acute mineral deficiency responded to changes in the environmental conditions and the deficiency became less acute the more the physical conditions favoured plant growth. Changes in environmental conditions were able to eliminate a marginal deficiency of plant nutrient. Because the results show many first and second order interactions between root temperature, light intensity and season, and because of the different yield responses to these factors for different soils and for different nutrients, an assessment of fertility by means of fertility ratios under one set of pot culture conditions cannot easily be applied to other situations.

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