scholarly journals Quantitative Ultrasound Imaging Differences in Multifidus and Thoracolumbar Fasciae between Athletes with and without Chronic Lumbopelvic Pain: A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2647
Author(s):  
Jaime Almazán-Polo ◽  
Daniel López-López ◽  
Carlos Romero-Morales ◽  
David Rodríguez-Sanz ◽  
Ricardo Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lumbar Multifidus ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
Control Study

New trends in ultrasound imaging are focused on exploration of morphology and muscle quality. The main goal of the study was to evaluate the first-order descriptor and echostructure of lumbar multifidus at the L4 vertebral level in athletes with and without chronic lumbopelvic pain (CLPP). A case-control study was performed in 15 semiprofessional athletes with CLPP and 15 without (healthy athletes). Lumbar multifidus echointensity and echovariation were measured for muscle quality assessment. Echostructure was used to evaluate lumbar multifidus cross-sectional area (CSA) at resting and during muscle contraction, respective differences during both phases (CSADif.), activation patterns, and thoracolumbar fasciae morphology and thickness. Significant differences with a large effect size were observed in quantitative data from CLPP and healthy athletes for left lumbar multifidus CSADif. and thoracolumbar fasciae morphology. Categorical data showed statistically significant differences with a small-to-moderate effect size for lumbar multifidus activation pattern and thoracolumbar fasciae morphology. Athletes with CLPP showed a reduced CSA difference between lumbar multifidus contraction and at resting and higher disorganization of thoracolumbar fasciae morphology compared to healthy athletes. These findings suggest the importance of dynamic exploration of the lumbar region and connective tissue in sports performance and injury prevention.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Balance Impairment and Factors Associated with Balance among Patients with Stroke. A Cross Sectional Retrospective Case Control Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Fayaz Khan ◽  
Mohamed Faisal Chevidikunnan
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Balance Impairment ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Study

Stroke is a major cause of disability worldwide, and balance impairments are common disabling factors in patients with stroke, leading to falls. Thus, the study objectives were as follows: (i) To find the prevalence of balance impairment among patients with stroke. (ii) To find out the factors associated with balance impairment in patients with stroke. This cross-sectional retrospective case control study involved eighty-one post stroke patients with a mean age of 58.36 ± 14.06, recruited from six hospitals, who underwent an assessment of balance, walking speed, depression and isometric strength of the ankle and knee. These patients were later categorized into subjects with good balance (<45) in the Berg balance scale (BBS) and those with poor balance (≥45), as cases and controls, to assess the factors associated with balance impairment using binary logistic regression. The prevalence of balance impairment among patients with stroke was 48.1%. The reduction in power of knee flexors (OR = 0.858), knee extensors (OR = 0.880) and ankle dorsiflexors (OR = 0.820) was found to be significantly associated with balance impairment, along with speed (OR = 1.187 (95% CI = 1.100, 1.280)), depression (OR = 1.331 (95% CI = 1.055–1.679)) and activities of daily living (OR = 0.313 (95% CI = 0.150–0.650)). In summary, around half of the patients with stroke exhibited balance impairments, with females being more prone.

Employment in Nursing and Preterm Birth: Are They Linked?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1197-1198
Author(s):  
JUDITH LUMLEY
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neonatal Nurses ◽  
Fetal Health ◽  
Mailed Survey ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Specialist Group

The possibility that employment itself, with all its rewards, both intrinsic and monetary, could be harmful to maternal and fetal health is always a matter for concern. When that suggestion is made about an archetypical female form of employment (nursing), and a specialist group devoted to the health care of women and infants, it is deeply alarming. So the recent publication which states, "our results show that strenuous working conditions are an important risk factor for preterm birth among US nurses," has been widely reported and discussed. The study was a case-control study with cases and controls drawn from respondents to a cross-sectional mailed survey of members of the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses.

scholarly journals The correlation between dietary fat quality indices and lipid profile with Atherogenic Index of Plasma in obese and non-obese Volunteers: a cross-sectional descriptive-analytic case-control study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam sadat Mousavi javardi ◽  
Zahra Madani ◽  
Majid Karandish ◽  
Ariyo Movahedi ◽  
Behnood Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Atherogenic Index Of Plasma ◽  
Fat Quality ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background and aim: Abnormalities in lipid metabolism are commonly observed in patients who were obese. Alongside dyslipidemia, one of the markers in predicting the risk of cardiovascular disease is the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), which is related to dietary intake. Healthy fat quality indices, including Atherogenicity (AI) and Thrombogenicity (TI) hypo/hypercholesterolemic ratio (h/H), the Cholesterol-Saturated Fat Index (CSI) and ω-3/ω-6 ratio might have an effect on AIP. The purpose of this study is to find the possible relationship between dietary fat quality, and AIP and comparison of these indices among obese and non-obese volunteers.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytic case-control study with 157 normal and overweight and obese volunteers (n=71 normal vs n=86 overweight and obese) in the age range of 18-65 years. Food intake, anthropometric indices, body composition, and lipid profile were measured. Results: Based on the present results, comparable biochemical parameters including TC (P=0.580), TG (P=0.362) and LDL (P=0.687) and HDL (P=0.151) among overweight/obese volunteers as compared to normal ones were noticed. Results of dietary fat quality, including Atherogenicity (AI) and Thrombogenicity (TI) hypo/hypercholesterolemic ratio (h/H), the Cholesterol-Saturated Fat Index (CSI) showed significantly higher AI (P=0.012) in the overweight/obese group as compared to the normal group. Whereas, h/H (P=0.034) and ω-6/ω-3 ratio (P=0.004) were significantly higher in normal weight volunteers. There was a positive correlation between AI, TI, CSI, SFA, MUFA, PUFA and ω-6/ω-3 ratio with AIP and negative correlation between h/H with AIP in both groups. Despite significancies of these corelations no strong relation was observed by doing multiple regression among normal and overweight/obese groups (R2=0.210, R2=0.387).Conclusions: In summary, the present study suggest a direct relationship between dietary fat quality, increased BMI, and lipid abnormalities with AIP. However, further large-scale studies are needed to have a clear conclusion in this regard.

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