scholarly journals A New Framework to Interpret Individual Inter-Hemispheric Compensatory Communication after Stroke

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Arianna Brancaccio ◽  
Davide Tabarelli ◽  
Paolo Belardinelli
Keyword(s):  
Control Function ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Rehabilitation Outcomes ◽  
Rehabilitation Protocols ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
New Framework

Stroke constitutes the main cause of adult disability worldwide. Even after application of standard rehabilitation protocols, the majority of patients still show relevant motor impairment. Outcomes of standard rehabilitation protocols have led to mixed results, suggesting that relevant factors for brain re-organization after stroke have not been considered in explanatory models. Therefore, finding a comprehensive model to optimally define patient-dependent rehabilitation protocols represents a crucial topic in clinical neuroscience. In this context, we first report on the rehabilitation models conceived thus far in the attempt of predicting stroke rehabilitation outcomes. Then, we propose a new framework to interpret results in stroke literature in the light of the latest evidence regarding: (1) the role of the callosum in inter-hemispheric communication, (2) the role of prefrontal cortices in exerting a control function, and (3) diaschisis mechanisms. These new pieces of evidence on the role of callosum can help to understand which compensatory mechanism may take place following a stroke. Moreover, depending on the individual impairment, the prefrontal control network will play different roles according to the need of high-level motor control. We believe that our new model, which includes crucial overlooked factors, will enable clinicians to better define individualized motor rehabilitation protocols.

scholarly journals INDIVIDUAL-TYPOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSONALITY OF CANDIDATES TO PARENTS IN SUBSTITUTE FAMILIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (87) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Vishtalenko ◽  
◽  
Emma Andreasyan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Foster Parents ◽  
Foster Families ◽  
The Family ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
Life Path ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

Most researchers of socialization processes agree that the primary socialization carried out in the family is crucial. The phenomenon of the family was considered in terms of psychological, sociological, anthropological, philosophical, biological and cultural approaches. Now the question of surrogacy is being studied in terms of the psychology of the life path of the individual; as manifestations of the meaning of life, will, responsibility; as a world of the subjective, where is always something more. Many scientists pay attention to the methodology, organization, functioning of foster families; the problems of lifestyle of orphan children in general, and in particular – in a professionally foster family. Scientists have considered the motivation of the adopted child into the family and some socio-psychological characteristics of parents. However, there are almost no studies of some individual-typological features that dysfunctionally affect family relationships, although these features may be the reason for the denial of the family's ability to be a substitute. The relevance of the study is due to the need of supplement the structural and semantic components of the psychological diagnosis of potential parents in foster families. The empirical study was conducted on the basis of the Odessa Regional Center for Social Services for Families, Children and Youth, a territorial division of the Odessa Regional State Administration. In testing took a part about 30 applicants for foster parents. With the help of Individual-typological questionnaire LM Sobchyk (ITO) there was created an average statistical portrait of candidates for the role of parents in foster families. They are characterized by a high level of extraversion (48.6%); average level of rigidity (82.9%), aggression (54.3%), anxiety (82.9%), introversion (71.5%), lability (74.3%), sensitivity (62.9%), spontaneity (60%). All these qualities positively characterize all members of the sample and confirm their reliability as potential parents in foster families. These conclusions can be used by psychologists in the selection of candidates for the role of foster parents in foster families, as well as in psychological counseling.

TRUST AND SELF-VALUABLE ATTITUDE OF ADOLESCENTS IN DIFFERENT SOCIAL CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Polina A.V. ◽  
Ovcharova E.V.
Keyword(s):  
Social Conditions ◽  
Life Situation ◽  
A Value ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Reactive Anxiety ◽  
Trusting Relationships ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Primary Base ◽  
High Level

The main objective of the study is to study the characteristics of the formation of trust and self-worthy attitude towards oneself in adolescents brought up in different social conditions. Adolescents who are brought up in a difficult life situation do not have a primary base on which trusting relationships and self-worthy attitude towards themselves can be formed. In our study, a self-worth attitude acts as a basic factor influencing the formation of confidence in oneself and in the world. An empirical study was carried out, in which methods were used that determine the characteristics of trust and self-value attitudes, as well as methods for diagnosing the characteristics of the emotional and personal sphere of deprived adolescents. The article examines the theoretical aspects of the role of trust and self-value attitudes of the individual in social interaction, as well as modern studies of the problem of raising adolescents in a difficult life situation. The presented results of the study of adolescents brought up in different social conditions are confirmed by the methods of mathematical statistics. The data obtained show that adolescents who are brought up in a difficult life situation do not have formed trust and self-worthy attitude towards themselves, which manifests itself in the deprivation of trust and personal deformations: a high level of personal and reactive anxiety; a feeling of insecurity and inferiority, hostility, conflict, difficulties in communication and a low level of self-value attitude towards oneself. The article presents an analysis of the differences between adolescents in difficult life situations and adolescents who are not affected by difficult life conditions. Based on the results of the empirical research, a correctional and developmental program for the formation of trusting relationships and self-valuable attitude towards oneself "I am a value" has been developed with the aim of helping adolescents in difficult life situations. Keywords: trust, self-value attitude, difficult life situation, adolescents, mental deprivation, deprivation of trust.

Health and self-control: promoting unconscious healthy food choices inside the store

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-243
Author(s):  
Benedetta Grandi ◽  
Maria Grazia Cardinali ◽  
Silvia Bellini
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Need For Cognition ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Specific Category ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Cognitive Behaviours

PurposeThe wide literature about healthy behaviours posits that a high level of self-control is required in order to make healthy choices. This work intends to demonstrate that retailers, through the management of in-store marketing levers, can influence shopping behaviour, no matter which is the individual tendency to engage in cognitive behaviours. For this specific purpose, we have considered participants' “Need for Cognition” as a proxy of self-control.Design/methodology/approachWith reference to a specific category (cookies), we created a new display based on benefits (healthy eating) rather than products' attributes. A pre-test was conducted before the main experiment in order to assess the potential ability of the new nutritional display to help customers selecting healthier products, by testing participants' awareness and comprehension of the stimuli proposed. Then, an online between-subjects experiment was conducted by simulating the shoppers' expedition in the cookies' aisle inside a store with the aim to demonstrate that healthy choices can be also made on impulse.FindingsOur findings showed that when both communication and visual cues are provided, people low in need for cognition (NFC) are more willing to select healthy products from the shelf, compared with people high in NFC.Originality/valueWhile there is a wide literature explaining the mechanisms supporting healthy choices, fewer are the contributions about the role of retailers in promoting healthy eating through in-store marketing levers. More important, there is no contribution about how to promote health among people with low level of self-control.

Collective personality fit and diversity – how effective are they in predicting relationship conflict?

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-219
Author(s):  
Jee Young Seong ◽  
Doo-Seung Hong
Keyword(s):  
Work Teams ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Relationship Conflict ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the interactive effect of collective personality fit and its diversity on relationship conflict in a team context. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 1,265 employees and their leaders in 110 work teams in a Korean manufacturing company. Findings The results show that the two-way interaction between collective personality fit and its dispersion affects relationship conflict in teams. The effect of collective fit on relationship conflict was found to be weaker when the dispersion of collective fit is low than when it is high. This study reports that a high level of collective fit dispersion may help resolve relationship conflict in certain conditions, such as when the level of collective fit is high. Practical implications This paper implies that the diverse perception of fit does not always hamper intragroup consonance, and relationship conflict can be reduced as long as the overall level of collective fit is high. The diverse or heterogeneous personalities of team members contribute unique attributes of each member to the success of the team because some members of a heterogeneous team may play the role of filling the gap left by others. Originality/value This study argues that collective fit is a new construct, not a simple aggregation of individual fit traits, and the pattern of relationships at the individual level is not replicated at the group level, either conceptually or empirically.

scholarly journals Nationel identitet i globaliseringenstid

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gundelach
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Regional Identity ◽  
National Identities ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Local Identity ◽  
Boundary Maintenance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Near Future

National Identity in Times of Globalisation Theories of globalisation and individualisation argue that the role of the nation state is diminishing and that consequently national identity is losing importance for the individual. Based on general observations and surveys, this article suggests that national identity is still very important – at least in Denmark. Survey data for Denmark, for instance, shows that national pride has increased during the last 20 years. The Danish population also seems to have a high level of chauvinistic attitudes. The national identity is a taken for granted “banal” nationalism that has developed over more than 100 years. This type of national identity is maintained through symbols and societal institutions, and is integrated in the individual’s worldview. National identities consist of boundary maintenance as well as “cultural stuff”. Boundary maintenance in Denmark is especially strong when compared to Sweden, but Danes also seem to have generally positive sentiments towards the populations in Norway and Sweden. Thus they express a sort of vague fee-ling of Scandinavian identity. Recent attempts at creating a regional identity from above by the European Union have not proven successful, and are not likely to succeed in the near future. Local identity is becoming more important to most Danes.

scholarly journals Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Type 1 and Type 2 Mediate Differential Effects on 15-Hydroxy Prostaglandin Dehydrogenase Expression in Cultured Human Chorion Trophoblasts

Endocrinology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 148 (8) ◽  
pp. 3645-3654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Gao ◽  
Ping He ◽  
Jinyan Sha ◽  
Chunmin Liu ◽  
Ling Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Trophoblast Cells ◽  
Prostaglandin Dehydrogenase ◽  
Elevated Expression ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression ◽  
Chorion Laeve ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

Throughout gestation, the chorion laeve controls the levels of biologically active prostaglandins (PGs) by its high level of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent 15-hydroxy PG dehydrogenase (PGDH). In this study, we investigate the effects mediated by CRH receptors on the expression of PGDH in the chorion. We found that both CRHR1 and CRHR2 were localized in cultured chorion trophoblast cells, with CRH-R1α, R1β, R1c, R1e, and R1f and CRHR2β isoforms identified in these cells. To block the actions of endogenous CRH and its related peptides, cultured chorion trophoblasts were treated with an increasing concentration of α-helical CRH 9–41, the nonselective CRH receptor antagonist, which resulted in decreased mRNA and protein expression as well as the activity of PGDH. To investigate the individual role of CRHR1 and CRHR2, cell cultures were treated with the specific CRHR1 antagonist antalarmin and CRHR2 antagonist astressin2B, respectively. The results showed that antalarmin increased whereas astressin2B decreased mRNA and protein expression as well as the activity of PGDH in chorion cells. When the cells were treated with an exclusive CRHR2 agonist, urocortin II, elevated expression and activity of PGDH was exhibited. However, cells treated with either exogenous CRH or urocortin I showed significantly increased PGDH expression, and these effects could be blocked by astressin2B but not by antalarmin. We suggest that, in chorion trophoblast cells, CRHR1 and CRHR2 mediate divergent effects on PGDH expression, and this may provide a precise regulation of PGs levels from chorion to myometrium during pregnancy.

Decision Making, Morality, and Machiavellianism: The Role of Dispositional Traits in Gist Extraction

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica R. Carre ◽  
Daniel N. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Theoretical Argument ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Concern For Others ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
New Framework

Fuzzy Trace Theory (FTT) is a promising new framework for evaluating decision making processes related to risk. In brief, FTT argues that individuals use either a mature and meaningful process (i.e., “gist”) or a cold and numbers-based process (i.e., “verbatim”) when making a decision based on information. However, the fundamental meaning that one may extract from a set of information may depend entirely on the motivations, values, and personality of the individual. We argue that in the case of Machiavellianism, individuals may be using gist-based processes, much like others, but arrive at vastly different conclusions with respect to the best course of action. This assertion is based on the fact that Machiavellian individuals lack the fundamental morality and empathy necessary to have concern for others when making decisions. Thus, we outline a theoretical argument as to when gist based extraction may be altered by individual differences. We further discuss the practical implications that individual differences have for decision making through the lens of FTT.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF MODERN EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE FORMATION OF STUDENTS' BUSINESS QUALITIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
V. MALYVANCHUK
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Educational Technologies ◽  
Case Method ◽  
Project Method ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

  The role of modern educational technologies in formation of students' business qualities is explained in the article; the essence and basic requirements for the application of the project method and the case method in education are explained; pedagogical conditions for successful formation of students' business qualities in higher education institutions are formulated; the conclusions about the pedagogical effectiveness of the use of modern educational technologies have been made. Analytical work proved that the formation of students' business qualities is an important task for high school teachers. The content of modern educational technologies is determined.  The means and possibilities of the project method and the case method are analyzed, it is found that the use of these methods stimulates and promotes the formation and development of students' business qualities. It is noted that these methods are characterized by a significant pedagogical effect, as they develop such personal characteristics as the ability to analyze problems, the ability to formulate and express their position clearly, communicate, discuss, perceive and evaluate information. They form self-confidence, communication skills, creativity and many other traits of personality. The survey found that the most important business qualities of the respondents consider themselves: self-confidence, responsibility, creativity, persistence, sociability. The level of business qualities of students of higher education institutions is determined: 30% of students have high level of business qualities, 35% - average, and 35% - low. This means that 70% of the student population needs the formation and correction of personal business qualities. The following pedagogical conditions of formation of business qualities of students by means of modern educational technologies are defined and theoretically substantiated: - implementation of a set of traditional and innovative forms and methods of training focused on the formation of business qualities of the individual; - creation of positive motivation of students for formation of business qualities, need for self-improvement; - introduction of the system of knowledge about modern educational technologies as a means of formation of business qualities of the individual.

scholarly journals The Role of Actual Democracy in the Link between National Identity and Support for Democracy

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-500
Author(s):  
Daniel Gabrielsson
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Support For Democracy ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
National Membership

Abstract This article analyzes the interplay between national identity and democracy. Multilevel models were tested using European Value Survey (EVS 2017), which includes 30 countries in total. On the individual level, emphasis on non-voluntary features of national identity, where national membership depends on the accident of origin, relates to lower support for democracy. At the country level, the level of actual democracy was taken in to account (Varieties of Democracy 2017). In general, higher levels of actual democracy correlate with stronger support for the ideal democracy, yet, a high level of actual democracy amplifies the negative relationship between non-voluntary national identity and support for democracy.

scholarly journals The role of psychological capital in the relationship between authentic leadership and work engagement

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieta Du Plessis ◽  
Adre B. Boshoff
Keyword(s):  
Work Engagement ◽  
Authentic Leadership ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Healthcare Organisation ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Value Add ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Orientation: The focus on positive psychology in the workplace includes interest in engagement of employees and the conditions and/or characteristics that explain variance in engagement levels.Research purpose: Psychological capital (PsyCap) can be used as a substitute or enhancer for leadership in the development of work engagement in cases where the individual has a high level of PsyCap.Motivation for the study: With work engagement becoming increasingly critical to the competitiveness of today’s organisations, there is a need to better understand the role of leadership and psychological strengths that support work engagement among employees.Research approach/design and method: In the quantitative study (on the responses of 647 managers from a national private healthcare organisation), the mediating and moderating role of psychological capital (PsyCap) on the relationship between authentic leadership and work engagement was tested.Main findings: Psychological capital partially mediated the relationship between authentic leadership and work engagement. Similarly, PsyCap was also a moderator of the relationship, although the main effects remained significant.Practical/managerial implications: Organisations and leaders should focus on developing a high level of PsyCap within their followers in order to retain high levels of work engagement.Contribution/value-add: The role of PsyCap in the leadership–engagement relationship indicates that individuals can draw from their PsyCap to improve work engagement.

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