scholarly journals Molecules and Mechanisms to Overcome Oxidative Stress Inducing Cardiovascular Disease in Cancer Patients

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Francesco Sabbatino ◽  
Valeria Conti ◽  
Luigi Liguori ◽  
Giovanna Polcaro ◽  
Graziamaria Corbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Detoxification Systems ◽  
Cancer Diseases

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are molecules involved in signal transduction pathways with both beneficial and detrimental effects on human cells. ROS are generated by many cellular processes including mitochondrial respiration, metabolism and enzymatic activities. In physiological conditions, ROS levels are well-balanced by antioxidative detoxification systems. In contrast, in pathological conditions such as cardiovascular, neurological and cancer diseases, ROS production exceeds the antioxidative detoxification capacity of cells, leading to cellular damages and death. In this review, we will first describe the biology and mechanisms of ROS mediated oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease. Second, we will review the role of oxidative stress mediated by oncological treatments in inducing cardiovascular disease. Lastly, we will discuss the strategies that potentially counteract the oxidative stress in order to fight the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease, including that induced by oncological treatments.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Effects of Quercetin and Naringenin Are Associated with Impaired Neutrophil Microbicidal Activity

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francielli de Cássia Yukari Nishimura ◽  
Ana Carolina de Almeida ◽  
Bianca Altrão Ratti ◽  
Tânia Ueda-Nakamura ◽  
Celso Vataru Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Microbicidal Activity ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Naringenin and quercetin are considered antioxidant compounds with promising activity against oxidative damage in human cells. However, no reports have described their effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by phagocytes during microbicidal activity. Thus, the present study evaluated the effects of naringenin and quercetin on ROS production, specifically hypochlorous acid (HOCl), and their involvement in the microbicidal activity of neutrophils. Naringenin and quercetin inhibited HOCl production through different systems, but this inhibition was more pronounced for quercetin, even in the cell-free systems. With regard to the microbicidal activity of neutrophils, both naringenin and quercetin completely inhibited the killing ofStaphylococcus aureus. Altogether, these data indicate that the decrease in the oxidant activity of neutrophils induced by these compounds directly impaired the microbicidal activity of neutrophils. Naringenin and quercetin exerted their effects by controlling the effector mechanisms of ROS production, with both positive and negative effects of these antioxidant agents in oxidative stress conditions and on ROS in the microbicidal activity of phagocytes. The present results challenge the traditional view of antioxidants as improvers of pathological conditions.

Pesticides-induced cardiovascular dysfunctions: Prevalence and associated mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Adeyemi ◽  
Victor O. Ukwenya ◽  
Olatunbosun K. Arowolo ◽  
Christian C. Olise
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Pathological Conditions

: Increased applications of pesticides mainly in agriculture and public health has resulted in increased chances of human exposure to pesticides. Chronic exposure to pesticides has been implicated in several human diseases including cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular diseases are broadly used for various heart pathological conditions including defect blood vessels, and they include myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, stroke, cardiomyopathy, coronary heart disease etc. In this review, the association between human exposure to pesticides and development of cardiovascular diseases was discussed using epidemiological and laboratory data. The toxicokinetics of pesticides in humans was reviewed, as well as the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The important role of oxidative stress, and principally the induction of reactive oxygen species as the signaling molecules for various signaling pathways involved in pesticidesinduced cardiovascular disease was discussed.

scholarly journals The Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Cardiovascular Aging

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junzhen Wu ◽  
Shijin Xia ◽  
Bill Kalionis ◽  
Wenbin Wan ◽  
Tao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Vascular Elasticity ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Age is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease, even in the absence of other traditional factors. Emerging evidence in experimental animal and human models has emphasized a central role for two main mechanisms of age-related cardiovascular disease: oxidative stress and inflammation. Excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide generated by oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation accompanying aging recapitulate age-related cardiovascular dysfunction, that is, left ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis, and diastolic dysfunction in the heart as well as endothelial dysfunction, reduced vascular elasticity, and increased vascular stiffness. We describe the signaling involved in these two main mechanisms that include the factors NF-κB, JunD, p66Shc, and Nrf2. Potential therapeutic strategies to improve the cardiovascular function with aging are discussed, with a focus on calorie restriction, SIRT1, and resveratrol.

scholarly journals Mitophagy and Oxidative Stress: The Role of Aging

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 794
Author(s):  
Anna De Gaetano ◽  
Lara Gibellini ◽  
Giada Zanini ◽  
Milena Nasi ◽  
Andrea Cossarizza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mitochondrial Damage ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Chronic Oxidative Stress ◽  
Parkinson’S Diseases ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of aging. Dysfunctional mitochondria are recognized and degraded by a selective type of macroautophagy, named mitophagy. One of the main factors contributing to aging is oxidative stress, and one of the early responses to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is the induction of mitophagy to remove damaged mitochondria. However, mitochondrial damage caused at least in part by chronic oxidative stress can accumulate, and autophagic and mitophagic pathways can become overwhelmed. The imbalance of the delicate equilibrium among mitophagy, ROS production and mitochondrial damage can start, drive, or accelerate the aging process, either in physiological aging, or in pathological age-related conditions, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. It remains to be determined which is the prime mover of this imbalance, i.e., whether it is the mitochondrial damage caused by ROS that initiates the dysregulation of mitophagy, thus activating a vicious circle that leads to the reduced ability to remove damaged mitochondria, or an alteration in the regulation of mitophagy leading to the excessive production of ROS by damaged mitochondria.

The role of p66Shc deletion in age-associated arterial dysfunction and disease states

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 1628-1631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni G. Camici ◽  
Francesco Cosentino ◽  
Felix C. Tanner ◽  
Thomas F. Lüscher
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Adaptor Protein ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Potential Implication ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Age Dependent

Accumulation of oxidative stress with age is hypothesized to be the primary causative mediator of age-associated diseases. Among different tissues, aging vessels are known to accumulate oxidative damage and undergo functional impairment. Oxidative stress affects the availability and/or balance of key regulators of vascular homeostasis and favors the development of cardiovascular disease. Reactive oxygen species are generated by different intracellular molecular pathways principally located in the cytoplasm and in the mitochondria. The mitochondrial enzyme p66Shc is an adaptor protein and plays an important role as a redox enzyme implicated in mitochondrial eactive oxygen species generation and translation of oxidative signals into apoptosis. Mice lacking p66Shc−/− gene display reduced production of intracellular oxidants and a 30% prolonged life span. For this reasons, a series of studies conceived to elucidate the function of p66Shc and its possible implication in age-associated cardiovascular diseases have been carried out. Indeed, p66Shc−/− mice have been shown to be protected from age-dependent endothelial dysfunction as well as age-related risk factors such as diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. This review focuses on delineating the role of the p66Shc adaptor protein and its potential implication in the pathophysiology of aging and age-related cardiovascular disease.

Methylglyoxal, oxidative stress, and hypertension

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 1229-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuanjie Chang ◽  
Lingyun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Protein Glycation ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Research Teams ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
End Products

Pathogenic mechanisms for essential hypertension are unclear despite striking efforts from numerous research teams over several decades. Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been associated with the development of hypertension and the role of ROS in hypertension has been well documented in recent years. In this context, it is important to better understand pathways and triggering factors for increased ROS production in hypertension. This review draws a causative linkage between elevated methylglyoxal level, methylglyoxal-induced production of ROS, and advanced glycation end products in the development of hypertension. It is proposed that elevated methylglyoxal level and resulting protein glycation and ROS production may be the upstream links in the chain reaction leading to the development of hypertension.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in Brassicaceae plants under abiotic stresses

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 232-244
Author(s):  
Faiçal Brini ◽  
◽  
Walid Saibi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Cellular Processes

Brassicaceae plants, as an important source of primary and secondary metabolites, are becoming a research model in plant science. Plants have developed different ways to ward off environmental stress factors. This is lead to the activation of various defense mechanisms resulting in a qualitative and/or quantitative change in plant metabolite production. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is being continuously produced in cell during normal cellular processes. Under stress conditions, there are excessive production of ROS causing progressive oxidative damage and ultimately cell death. Despite their destructive activity, ROS are considered as important secondary messengers of signaling pathway that control metabolic fluxes and a variety of cellular processes. Plant response to environmental stress depends on the delicate equilibrium between ROS production, and their scavenging. This balance of ROS level is required for performing its dual role of acting as a defensive molecule in signaling pathway or a destructive molecule. Efficient scavenging of ROS produced during various environmental stresses requires the action of several non-enzymatic as well as enzymatic antioxidants present in the tissues. In this review, we describe the ROS production and its turnover and the role of ROS as messenger molecules as well as inducers of oxidative damage in Brassicaceae plants. Further, the antioxidant defense mechanisms comprising of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants have been discussed. Keywords: Abiotic stress, Antioxidant defence, Brassicaceae, Oxidative stress, ROS

scholarly journals The Impact of Oxidative Stress in Male Infertility

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Mannucci ◽  
Flavia Rita Argento ◽  
Eleonora Fini ◽  
Maria Elisabetta Coccia ◽  
Niccolò Taddei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Male Factor ◽  
Stress Assessment ◽  
The Impact

At present infertility is affecting about 15% of couples and male factor is responsible for almost 50% of infertility cases. Oxidative stress, due to enhanced Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production and/or decreased antioxidants, has been repeatedly suggested as a new emerging causative factor of this condition. However, the central roles exerted by ROS in sperm physiology cannot be neglected. On these bases, the present review is focused on illustrating both the role of ROS in male infertility and their main sources of production. Oxidative stress assessment, the clinical use of redox biomarkers and the treatment of oxidative stress-related male infertility are also discussed.

scholarly journals Reactive Oxygen Species in Macrophages: Sources and Targets

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella Canton ◽  
Ricardo Sánchez-Rodríguez ◽  
Iolanda Spera ◽  
Francisca C. Venegas ◽  
Maria Favia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Signaling Networks ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Mitochondrial Ros ◽  
Ros Formation ◽  
Excessive Accumulation

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are fundamental for macrophages to eliminate invasive microorganisms. However, as observed in nonphagocytic cells, ROS play essential roles in processes that are different from pathogen killing, as signal transduction, differentiation, and gene expression. The different outcomes of these events are likely to depend on the specific subcellular site of ROS formation, as well as the duration and extent of ROS production. While excessive accumulation of ROS has long been appreciated for its detrimental effects, there is now a deeper understanding of their roles as signaling molecules. This could explain the failure of the “all or none” pharmacologic approach with global antioxidants to treat several diseases. NADPH oxidase is the first source of ROS that has been identified in macrophages. However, growing evidence highlights mitochondria as a crucial site of ROS formation in these cells, mainly due to electron leakage of the respiratory chain or to enzymes, such as monoamine oxidases. Their role in redox signaling, together with their exact site of formation is only partially elucidated. Hence, it is essential to identify the specific intracellular sources of ROS and how they influence cellular processes in both physiological and pathological conditions to develop therapies targeting oxidative signaling networks. In this review, we will focus on the different sites of ROS formation in macrophages and how they impact on metabolic processes and inflammatory signaling, highlighting the role of mitochondrial as compared to non-mitochondrial ROS sources.

scholarly journals Multifunctional Role of Chitosan Edible Coatings on Antioxidant Systems in Fruit Crops: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2633
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Adiletta ◽  
Marisa Di Matteo ◽  
Milena Petriccione
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Edible Coatings ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Oxidative Damages ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Chitosan-based edible coatings represent an eco-friendly and biologically safe preservative tool to reduce qualitative decay of fresh and ready-to-eat fruits during post-harvest life due to their lack of toxicity, biodegradability, film-forming properties, and antimicrobial actions. Chitosan-based coatings modulate or control oxidative stress maintaining in different manner the appropriate balance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in fruit cells, by the interplay of pathways and enzymes involved in ROS production and the scavenging mechanisms which essentially constitute the basic ROS cycle. This review is carried out with the aim to provide comprehensive and updated over-view of the state of the art related to the effects of chitosan-based edible coatings on anti-oxidant systems, enzymatic and non-enzymatic, evaluating the induced oxidative damages during storage in whole and ready-to-eat fruits. All these aspects are broadly reviewed in this review, with particular emphasis on the literature published during the last five years.

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