scholarly journals Organic Farming Practices and Shade Trees Reduce Pest Infestations in Robusta Coffee Systems in Amazonia

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Kevin Piato ◽  
Cristian Subía ◽  
Jimmy Pico ◽  
Darío Calderón ◽  
Lindsey Norgrove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Coffee Berry ◽  
Coffee Berry Borer ◽  
Coffee Agroforestry ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Inga Edulis ◽  
Environmental Objectives ◽  
Coffee Yield

Coffee agroforestry systems could reconcile agricultural and environmental objectives. While pests and diseases can reduce yield, their interactions with shade and nutrition have been rarely researched, and are particularly lacking in perennial systems. We hypothesized that intermediate shade levels could reduce coffee pests while excess shade could favor fungal diseases. We hypothesized that organic rather than mineral fertilization would better synchronize with nutrient uptake and higher nutrient inputs would be associated with reduced pest and disease damage due to higher plant vigor, yet effects would be less obvious in shaded plots as coffee growth would be light-limited. Using three-year-old trees of Coffea canephora var. Robusta (robusta coffee) in the Ecuadorian Amazon, we compared a full-sun system with four shading methods creating different shade levels: (1) Myroxylon balsamum; (2) Inga edulis; (3) Erythrina spp.; or, (4) Erythrina spp. plus Myroxylon balsamum. Conventional farming at either (1) moderate or (2) intensified input and organic farming at (3) low or (4) intensified input were compared in a split-plot design with shade as the main plot factor and farming practice as the sub-plot factor. The infestation of the following pests and disease incidences were evaluated monthly during the dry season: brown twig beetle (Xylosandrus morigerus), coffee leaf miner (Leucoptera coffeella), coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei), anthracnose disease (Colletotrichum spp.), thread blight (Pellicularia koleroga), and cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora coffeicola). Coffee berry borer and brown twig beetle infestation were both reduced by 7% in intensified organic treatments compared to intensified conventional treatments. Colonization of coffee berry borer holes in coffee berries by the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana was also assessed. Brown twig beetle infestation was significantly higher under full sun than under Inga edulis, yet no other shade effects were detected. We demonstrate for the first time how intensified input use might promote pest populations and thus ultimately lead to robusta coffee yield losses.

scholarly journals Agro-Ecological Management of Coffee Pests in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madelaine Venzon
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Coffee Berry ◽  
Coffee Berry Borer ◽  
Herbivorous Species ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Coffee Cultivation

Coffee plants host several herbivorous species, but only few are considered pests. Brazil is the largest coffee producer of the world, and the two key coffee pests of the crop in the country are the coffee leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella and the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei. However, in some regions or on specific conditions, species of mites and scales can also cause damage to coffee plants. Conventional management of coffee pests relies on chemical pesticides, and it is the most commonly used strategy in Brazil, but environmental problems, pest resistance, and toxicity-related issues have led coffee growers to search for alternatives for pest control. Agro-ecological strategies suitable to coffee cultivation can be adopted by farmers, based on plant diversification, in order to provide resources for natural enemies, such as nectar, pollen, shelter, microclimate conditions, and oviposition sites, thereby promoting conservation biological control. Here I revise these strategies and report the results from research in Brazil. I include results on agroforestry, use of cover crops, and non-crop plant management. These are complemented by curative measures based on the use of organic farming-approved pesticides that can be employed when the agro-ecological practices are not yet consolidated. I also present the cultural control method used by several coffee producers in Brazil to decrease coffee berry borer damage.

scholarly journals Distribution Pattern of Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus Hampei) on Arabica and Robusta Coffee

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soekadar Wiryadiputra
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Hypothenemus Hampei ◽  
Coffee Berry ◽  
Coffee Berry Borer ◽  
Coffee Tree ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
North East

Coffee berry borer [CBB, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferr.)] is the main pest on coffee causing a significant losses. Distribution pattern of the pest is not known deeply until now, especially in Indonesia. The data of distribution pattern of pest is very important in constructing the strategy of integrated pest management, especially to determine a sampling method for monitoring of the pest. This experiment aimed to reveal the distribution pattern of CBB both spatially and vertically. The experiment was conducted on Arabica and Robusta coffee, located in Kalibendo estate in Banyuwangi East Java. A plot with 400 (20 x 20) of coffee trees were observed for infestation and population of CBB, at four branches on south, north, east and west directions for each tree. Collected data were analyzed to obtain the value of mean, variance (=s2), variance/mean relationship (=I), index of Morisita (=Iδ), coefficient of Green (=Cx) and k exponent of Negative Binomial. Results of the experiment revealed that spatial distribution pattern of CBB, both on Arabica an Robusta coffee, as well as for infestation and population parameters, was fit with aggregated or clumped distribution. For vertical distribution, it inclined that CBB infestation and population in the lower part of coffee tree was higher than in central and upper part of coffee tree. Plenty of infested coffee berries leaved on soil surface may result in higher infestation and population in the lower part.Key words: Arabica coffee, Robusta coffee, Hypothenemus hampei, spatial distribution, vertical distribution.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Exclusion Netting for Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus Hampei) Management

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 364
Author(s):  
Melissa A. Johnson ◽  
Samuel Fortna ◽  
Nicholas C. Manoukis
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hypothenemus Hampei ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Coffee Berry ◽  
Coffee Berry Borer ◽  
Coffee Yield ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Exclusion nets are increasingly being used to protect a variety of agricultural crops from insect pests as a sustainable alternative to chemical controls. We examined the efficacy of exclusion nets in controlling the world’s most damaging insect pest of coffee, Hypothenemus hampei (coffee berry borer), on two small-scale coffee farms on Hawai’i Island. We recorded microclimate data, fruit infestation, population per fruit, sex ratio, mortality by Beauveria bassiana, coffee yield and quality in four paired exclusion and control (un-netted) plots on both farms. Mean and maximum daily temperature and relative humidity were similar between treatments, while mean and maximum daily solar radiation was reduced by ~50% in exclusion plots. Green and ripe fruit from exclusion plots had significantly lower infestation compared to un-netted control plots at both farms. We observed no significant difference between exclusion and control plots in the number of CBB per fruit or the female:male sex ratio. CBB mortality was significantly higher in control relative to exclusion plots in one of the two farms. Ripe fruits harvested from exclusion plots were on average significantly heavier and wider than those from control plots; however, there was no significant difference in the average yield per tree between treatments. Lastly, coffee quality was not significantly different between control and exclusion plots. Our results suggest that with complete sanitation prior to net installation in an environment where CBB is actively circulating, exclusion netting can successfully control CBB on small-scale coffee farms without reducing coffee yield or quality, and has the potential to lower production and labor costs by eliminating the need to spray pesticides.

scholarly journals Field Evaluation of Different Coffee Cultivars (Coffea sp.) against the Infestation of Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Mariathas A. Dishan
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Hypothenemus Hampei ◽  
Coffee Plant ◽  
Coffee Berry ◽  
Coffee Berry Borer ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Coffee Plants

One of the major constraints to coffee production throughout the world is the damage caused by the Coffee Berry Borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari). The first report of the occurrence of CBB appears to be that of 1935 in Rathnapura District in Sri Lanka. It is now prevalent in all areas, at varying degree of damage to both Arabica and Robusta coffee. Damage on coffee berries bribes in heavy losses on economical production of coffee in developing countries, including Sri Lanka. The objective of this study was to identify the infestation level of CBB in six selected coffee cultivars and to assess the CBB populations in coffee fields. Six selected coffee cultivars were, Catimour, S4711, HDT of Arabica species and IMY, CCI, BS5 of Robusta species. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design, with six treatments and three blocks. Damage severity was recorded on fifty-four tagged coffee plants. Ten branches were selected from a coffee plant where each branch contained more than fifty berries. Data were collected on the same berry cluster, during three months at weekly intervals. Starting from zero damaged berries, the diameter of coffee berry was measured by using a Vernier calliper (0.1mm). Ninety coffee berries were randomly selected from each of Arabica and Robusta for measurements. The data were recorded continuously during the three months at weekly intervals. The results showed that there were significant CBB damage differences among the coffee cultivars. Among the selected cultivars BS5 was the least damage by CBB and HDT was the most susceptible cultivar and S4711 was also found to be susceptible but to a lesser extent. CBB populations were high in Arabica field than in Robusta field. When the diameter of the coffee berry increase, the level of infestation of CBB also increases.

scholarly journals Where to sample? Ecological implications of sampling strata in determining abundance and impact of natural enemies of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Jaramillo ◽  
Adenirin Chabi-Olaye ◽  
Christian Borgemeister ◽  
Charles Kamonjo ◽  
Hans-Michael Poehling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Hypothenemus Hampei ◽  
Coffee Berry ◽  
Coffee Berry Borer ◽  
Ecological Implications

Activity of α-Amylase Inhibitors from Phaseolus coccineus on Digestive α-Amylases of the Coffee Berry Borer

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 2315-2320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnubio Valencia-Jiménez ◽  
Jorge W. Arboleda Valencia ◽  
Maria Fátima Grossi-De-Sá
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Coccineus ◽  
Coffee Berry ◽  
Coffee Berry Borer ◽  
Amylase Inhibitors
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