scholarly journals Improving the Autogenous Self-Sealing of Mortar: Influence of Curing Condition

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2068
Author(s):  
Lianwang Yuan ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Yongbo Huang ◽  
Zonghui Zhou ◽  
Congqi Luan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
The State ◽  
The Self ◽  
Flowing Water ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Severe Environments ◽  
Static Water ◽  
Curing Condition

With the construction of projects under severe environments, new and higher requirements are put forward for the properties of concrete, especially the autogenous self-sealing property, which is greatly affected by the curing environment and the state of the water. Herein, six types of curing conditions, including in air with a relative humidity of 30%, 60%, and 95%; flowing water; wet-dry cycles; and static water, are designed to investigate the autogenous self-sealing of mortar under different curing conditions. The results showed that the self-sealing ratios are higher than 60% and the cracks are closed for the mortar undergoing the wet-dry cycles and the static water. However, the self-sealing ratios of mortar are lower than 10% and the cracks are almost unchanged when the mortar is cured in the air with a relative humidity (RH) of 30% and 60%. The static liquid water is more conducive to the continued hydration of cement and the formation of CaCO3 than the flowing water. The research provides guidance for the design of concrete and the improvement of autogenous self-sealing when the concrete serves in different environments.

Effect of Curing Condition on Structure and Scaling Resistance of Specified Density Concrete

2011 ◽  
Vol 477 ◽  
pp. 348-353
Author(s):  
Li Juan Kong ◽  
Yong Ge ◽  
Li Xiong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Cement Paste ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Internal Water ◽  
Hydrated Product ◽  
Internal Relative Humidity ◽  
Curing Condition ◽  
Scaling Resistance

Influence of curing condition on internal relative humidity (IRH) of specified density concrete with different w/b ratios, pore structure of cement paste, hydrated product as well as scaling resistance of concrete were investigated. The results show that, as for concrete with w/b ratio of 0.31, water and standard curing can stop or slow up the migration of internal water, and the structure of cement paste is dense due to good hydrated environment, so the scaling resistance of concrete is best; as for concrete with w/b ratio of 0.47, the IRH of concrete under natural curing condition at 28 days is still 90%, there is sufficient water for the hydration of cement, and internal water content of concrete is lower as compared to concrete under water and standard curing conditions which makes it less easy to saturate, so natural curing concrete has better scaling resistance.

TAX FOR THE SELF-EMPLOYED: PROS AND CONS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Hasanova ◽  
R.R. Hatueva ◽  
A.L. Arsaev
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
The State ◽  
The Self ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Crisis Conditions ◽  
Part Time Work

This article discusses the pros and cons of applying professional income tax. Professional income tax is not mandatory, but an alternative way to pay 2 taxes on self-employment or part-time work. The introduction of this tax can mediate an increase in revenues to the state budget, which is of particular importance for the country in post-crisis conditions.

The Self-Undermining State

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
State Formation ◽  
Final Section ◽  
The State ◽  
The Self ◽  
Central Authority ◽  
Interstate War ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Willingness To Sacrifice ◽  
The Cost

This chapter provides an informal rationalist model of state formation as an exchange between a central authority and a population. In the model, the central authority protects the population against external threats and the population disarms and pays taxes. The model specifies the conditions under which the exchange is self-enforcing, meaning that the parties prefer the exchange to alternative courses of action. These conditions—costly but winnable interstate war—are historically rare, and the cost of such wars can rise beyond the population’s willingness to sacrifice. At this point, the population prefers to avoid war rather than fight it and may prefer an alternative institution to the state if that institution can prevent war and reduce the level of extraction. Thus the modern centralized state is self-undermining rather than self-enforcing. A final section addresses alternative explanations for state formation.

Beyond Bias: Critical Analysis and Layered Reading of Mao-Era Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-782
Author(s):  
Sigrid Schmalzer
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Source Material ◽  
The State ◽  
The Self ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Layered Approach ◽  
Flea Markets ◽  
Mao Era

Abstract Scholars of Mao-era history adopt a wide range of approaches to the selection and treatment of source material. Some scholars regard published sources as propaganda, and therefore as biased and unreliable. For many, archival sources are the gold standard; others question the reliability even of the archive and favor materials that escaped the filtering fingers of the state to be found in flea markets or garbage piles. Avoiding the false choice of either accepting sources as received wisdom or dismissing them as biased, the author argues that how scholars read their sources is more important than which they keep and which they throw away. She advocates for a layered approach that accounts for contexts of production and circulation, and further emphasizes the need to make this process of reading sources visible in our writing. A critical, layered reading of three unlikely sources demonstrates the myriad possibilities for analysis that combines the empirical, the discursive, and the self-reflexive.

Organización y funcionamiento municipal y personal directivo público profesional

2017 ◽  
pp. 349-366
Author(s):  
Ignacio Javier ETXEBARRIA ETXEITA
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
The State ◽  
The Self ◽  
State Legislation ◽  
Professional Managers ◽  
Government Capacity ◽  
Municipal Autonomy

LABURPENA: Euskadiko Toki Erakundeei buruzko Legeak udal-funtzionamendua eta -antolaketa arautzen ditu, eta udal-autonomia indartzen du, estatuko legediarekin erkatuta areagotu egin baitu tokiko entitateen autoantolakuntzarako gaitasuna, bidea emanez tokiko gobernuek modu gardenagoan joka dezaten eta hautetsiek lana eta familia hobeto uztar ditzaten. Legeak, horrez gain, tokiko gobernuak indartzea lortu nahi du, eta, horretarako, eskuordetze-teknikak jaso, eta modu aitzindarian arautu du zuzendari publiko profesionalen figura; oraingoz, hala ere, 40.000 biztanletik gorako udalerrietarako mugatu da. RESUMEN: La Ley de Instituciones Locales de Euskadi regula la organización y funcionamiento municipal y potencia la autonomía municipal al incrementar respecto a la legislación estatal la capacidad de autoorganización de las entidades locales posibilitando una actuación de los gobiernos locales más transparente y una mejor conciliación de la vida laboral y familiar de las corporativas y corporativos. La Ley busca asimismo potenciar los gobiernos locales y para ello incorpora técnicas de delegación y de forma pionera regula la figura de los directivos públicos profesionales si bien de momento limitada a los municipios con una población superior a los 40.000 habitantes. ABSTRACT: The Act on Local Entities of Euskadi regulates the municipalorganization and functioning and enhances the municipal autonomy by increasing as compared to the State legislation the self-government capacity of local entities enabling a more transparent operation by local governments and a better labour and family reconciliation of municipalities memberships. The Act also seeks to promote local governments and to do this it includes techniques of delegation and in a pioneer way it regulates the figure of public professional managers though only limited to those municipalities with a population exceeding 40.000 inhabitants.

scholarly journals Survey of the state of conservation of the Mylodon listai (Xenarthra-Mylodontidae) skin fragment from the Pleistocene of Argentina kept at the Museum of La Plata (Argentina)

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 44-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Silvana Nitiu ◽  
Andrea Mallo ◽  
Mario Saparrat ◽  
Mauro Garcia Santa Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
The State ◽  
La Plata ◽  
Important Type ◽  
Fungal Load ◽  
Sampling Points

The aim of the present study was to assess the state of conservation of the fossilized skin fragment assigned to Mylodon listai preserved in a showcase of the Paleontology Hall of the Museum of La Plata. To this end, we conducted a volumetric aerobiological sampling both inside the showcase and in the hall to detect the presence of fungal load that could alter its preservation. We also determined the environmental parameters both inside and outside the showcase. The aerobiological sampling inside the showcase showed 3061.50 spores/m3 corresponding to 22 fungal types, while in the hall, 2283.20 spores/m3 corresponding to 14 fungal types where detected. Cladosporium was the most important type in all the sampling points. The temperatures recorded were lower than those recommended for the conservation of leather and the relative humidity values were acceptable in 70% of the record for this material

scholarly journals The Political Asceticism of Mamata Banerjee: Female Populist Leadership in Contemporary India

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Proma Ray Chaudhury
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
The State ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Political ◽  
Leadership Models ◽  
Interpretive Analysis ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Political Landscapes ◽  
Religious Iconography

Abstract Operating within the androcentric premises that support idealized models of populist leadership, self-representations cultivated by female populist leaders often involve precarious balancing acts, compelling them to appropriate contextualized traditionalist discourses and modes of power to qualify for conventional leadership models. This article engages with the stylistic performance of populist leadership by Mamata Banerjee of the All India Trinamool Congress in the state of West Bengal, India, focusing on her adoption of the discursive mode of political asceticism, nativist rhetoric, and religious iconography. Through an interpretive analysis of selected party documents, autobiography, and semistructured interviews with Banerjee's followers and critics, the article delineates Banerjee's populist self-fashioning as a political ascetic and explores perceptions of her leadership. The article argues that while the self-makings of female populist leaders remain fraught and contested, they contribute substantially toward redrawing the boundaries of both conventional leadership models and the broader political landscapes they inhabit.

scholarly journals Modelização do clima urbano de Santa Maria, RS

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Maria Da Graça Barros Sartori
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
The State ◽  
Local Analysis ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Santa Maria

Urbanization causes changes in the local climate by altering the atmosphere of a city and creating the urban climate. Attempting to verify the existence of urban climate in Santa Maria, climatic analysis was made of temperature, wind and relative humidity of data gathered in the field as well as from the meteorological station, in relaction to the regional atmospheric circulation analysis. The results of this study and samples from national and international finding, together with the local analysis of geoecological and geourban components, help in presenting a simulating model of the urban climate of Santa Maria located in the center of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

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